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Cell Research 1990年第2期1卷 181-190页

作者： CHAU EMW LAU ask Department Anatomy University of Hong Konq Hong Kong

An immunostimulatory factor was identified to be secreted by antigen-pulsed macrophages. This factor was able to induce the generation of antigen specific T helper lymphoeytes in vitro as well as in vivo. Further in vitro experiments testing for the genetic restriction of this factor indicated that it is a genetically restricted antigen specific factor （ASF）.The Cunningham plaque assay was used to quantify the generation of T helper lymphocytes by measuring the number of plaque forming cells after sequential incubations of antigen-pulsed maerophages with T lymphoeytes, and then spleen cells, and finally the TNP-coated sheep red blood cells.

关键词： Antigen specific factor genetic restriction macrophages lymphocytes antigen presentation.

Victimization and PTSD in Ugandan Youth

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2014年第3期4卷 141-156页

作者： Lise Mandrup ask Elklit Danish National Center for Psychotraumatology University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark Department of Military Psychology—the Danish Veteran Centre Ringsted Denmark

Background: Little is known about post-traumatic stress (PTSD) prevalence rates in community samples. This is especially true for the African continent where child-soldiers, HIV/AIDS affected and orphans have been the target for PTSD prevalence studies. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the indirect and direct exposure to 20 potentially traumatic events and its relation with PTSD in a Ugandan sample of senior 3rd year students and to perform cross-cultural comparisons with previous studies examining this age group. Socio-economic status, coping styles, negative affect, and somatization are further examined. Method: A convenience sample of 408 senior secondary school students, from eight schools, across three major towns, Kampala, Mbarara, and Jinja, were selected. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) was used to establish PTSD prevalence rates, The Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ) was used to assess coping styles, and the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC) were used to measure negative affect and somatization. Results: The subjects had been exposed to a mean of 6.6 direct events and a mean of 7.2 indirect events. The estimated prevalence rate of PTSD was 37.7% and a further 28.2% reached a subclinical level, missing one symptom to have the full diagnosis. Variables related to a PTSD diagnosis were female gender, number of directly experienced events, emotional coping, negative affect, and somatization. Conclusions: Ugandan youth have been exposed to significantly more potentially traumatic events and negative life events than European youth, and subsequently PTSD prevalence rates are higher. In addition, fewer gender differences are found in the Ugandan sample compared to the European samples.

关键词： Trauma Exposure Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Coping Gender Somatization Negative Affectivity

Attachment styles and PTSD in adolescents in three Nordic Countries

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2013年第2期3卷 62-69页

作者： Tóra Petersen ask Elklit National Centre for Psychotraumatology University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark

Studies of possible variables influencing development of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) are of great importance in the effort to enhance preventive and interventional methods in the aim to prevail this devastating condition. Despite the vast research in adults, little is still known of adolescents. Although research is scarce, attachment style has been identified to be an influencing factor in adults, and still research in adolescent is almost non-existent. To our knowledge, no prior study has been conducted, looking at the relationship between attachment style, exposure to a broad range of potentially traumatic events, and subsequent PTSD symptoms in a cross cultural perspective. This is the aim of the present study. Procedure: Data was collected from questionnaire surveys of 1283 adolescents (mean age 14.1 years). Measures: PTSD was measured with The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire-Part IV (HTQ);and attachment style was studied using the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS). Potentially traumatic events were examined using a broad event list of 19 events. Results: Contrary to what was expected, significant cross cultural differences were found in the distribution of securely, preoccupied, and dismissive attached. Around half of the Faroese population was securely attached, contrary to the Danish and Icelandic population, where the majority was dismissive attached. Cross cultural differences were also found in the distribution of attachment style among those adolescents with PTSD. The majority of the Danish adolescent population with PTSD was dismissive attached;the majority of the Faroese adolescent population with PTSD was securely attached, and in the Icelandic adolescents with PTSD were distributed somewhat even between the four attachment styles. Finally, cross cultural differences were identified in which potentially traumatic events had a significant contribution to the variation in PTSD. The results are discussed and clinical recommendations are presented.

关键词： Attachment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Traumatic Events Negative Life Events Gender Adolescents

The Assessment Screening of Trauma Reactions, Psychopathology and Psychosocial Function in a High-Risk Sample of 4-8-Year-Old Children—A Pilot Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2020年第1期10卷 15-31页

作者： Irene Marcela Jorgensen Cathriona Cantio ask Elklit Danish National Centre of Psychotraumatology Department of PsychologyUniversity of Southern Denmark in OdenseOdenseDenmark Department of Psychology University of Southern Denmark in OdenseOdenseDenmark

Background: Multiple traumatization in childhood is a broad term that includes interpersonal trauma experiences such as physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and neglect. Children with a child protection case referred to counseling are likely to be in high risk of multiple exposure to interpersonal trauma. We aim to demonstrate that systematic assessment with validated measures is feasible in this age group. Method: The Center for Interventions of Children and Adolescents (CIBU), Denmark, provided a new assessment screening procedure where 16 caregivers with children in the age of 4 - 8-years-old participated prior to initiating counseling in a public family treatment facility. We utilized the Diagnostic Infant Preschool Assessment (DIPA) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The SDQ was compared with Danish norms. Results: The data suggest that psychopathology was present among all 16 children in this high-risk sample. Distribution of disorders showed 93.8% prevalence of comorbidity. All 16 children had difficulties regarding psychosocial functioning when compared to a Danish norm population. Most profound was emotional symptoms and symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention. Conclusion: This study revealed a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders and higher rates of psychosocial difficulties in referred children than in children from the general population. Overall, children in this study had complex symptom profiles. Thus, a systematic approach may be helpful in public treatment facilities, and we suggest the implementation of valid evidence-based instruments.

关键词： Multiple Traumatization Young Children Child Protection Case Assessment DIPA SDQ

Latent Growth Mixture Modeling to Estimate Differential PTSD Trajectories and Associated Risk Factors in Psychiatric Staff Following Workplace Violence

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第4期13卷 360-371页

作者： ask Elklit Sara Al Ali Jesper Pihl-Thingvad The National Center of Psychotraumatology Department of Psychology University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark

Background: Workplace violence (WV) towards psychiatric staff has commonly been associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, prospective studies have shown that not all psychiatric staff who experience workplace violence experience post-traumatic stress. Purpose: We want to examine the longitudinal trajectories of PTSD in this population to identify possible subgroups that might be more at risk. Furthermore, we need to investigate whether certain risk factors of PTSD might identify membership in the subgroups. Method: In a sample of psychiatric staff from 18 psychiatric wards in Denmark who had reported an incident of WV, we used Latent Growth Mixture Modelling (LGMM) and further logistic regression analysis to investigate this. Results: We found three separate PTSD trajectories: a recovering, a delayed-onset, and a moderate-stable trajectory. Higher social support and negative cognitive appraisals about oneself, the world and self-blame predicted membership in the delayed-onset trajectory, while higher social support and lower accept coping predicted membership in the delayed-onset trajectory. Conclusion: Although most psychiatric staff go through a natural recovery, it is important to be aware of and identify staff members who might be struggling long-term. More focus on the factors that might predict these groups should be an important task for psychiatric departments to prevent posttraumatic symptomatology from work.

关键词： Latent Growth Mixture Modeling PTSD Trajectories Psychiatric Staff Work-place Violence

免费后悔药用好Windows 7系统保护功能

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电脑迷 2012年第1期 54-55页

作者： ask

如何找回误删除的系统文件?不小心删除电脑上的文件/数据怎么办?不少人都会想到用专业的文件/数据恢复工具,其实Windows7系统自带的系统保护功能,也可以轻松帮助消费者找回误删除的文件/数据。用鼠标右键点击"计算机",在弹出菜单中选择... 详细信息

如何找回误删除的系统文件?不小心删除电脑上的文件/数据怎么办?不少人都会想到用专业的文件/数据恢复工具,其实Windows7系统自带的系统保护功能,也可以轻松帮助消费者找回误删除的文件/数据。用鼠标右键点击"计算机",在弹出菜单中选择"属性",接下来点选系统窗口左侧的"系统保护"选项。

关键词：保护功能还原点 Windows 7

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爱,就大声喊出来 IT语音控

电脑迷 2010年第19期 48-50页

作者： ask

有多少人管自己电脑叫老婆的?工作也好,学习也罢,现在越来越多的人每天面对电脑、手机的时间都远多于面对亲友的时间,而在与爱机共同度过或欢乐或忧伤的日子里,人们仿佛已经习惯通过鼠标或键盘与它进行无声的交流,有想过那么一天,爱机... 详细信息

有多少人管自己电脑叫老婆的?工作也好,学习也罢,现在越来越多的人每天面对电脑、手机的时间都远多于面对亲友的时间,而在与爱机共同度过或欢乐或忧伤的日子里,人们仿佛已经习惯通过鼠标或键盘与它进行无声的交流,有想过那么一天,爱机能够听懂你说的话,用声音互相沟通吗?今天,就让我们立志成为IT语音控,让爱大声喊出来!

关键词：语音语音识别音频设备语音控制话音控制语声信号处理蓝牙耳机麦克风传声器语音输入蓝牙设备语音模型手机 IT

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尘埃落定国行PS4带来的蝶变效应

电脑迷 2015年第5期 56-57页

作者： ask

2015年3月20日,经历各种曲折的索尼国行PS4和PSV终于正式发售,这是一个令国内玩家振奋的日子,不单是终于等到Xbox One和PS4/PSV在国内正式聚首,更是确定索尼不锁区的消息。无论前期的跳票和各种争论让玩家有多郁闷,但仅凭借不锁区这一点... 详细信息

2015年3月20日,经历各种曲折的索尼国行PS4和PSV终于正式发售,这是一个令国内玩家振奋的日子,不单是终于等到Xbox One和PS4/PSV在国内正式聚首,更是确定索尼不锁区的消息。无论前期的跳票和各种争论让玩家有多郁闷,但仅凭借不锁区这一点,索尼国行PS4和PSV已经足以让玩家欣喜并追捧。下面,就让我们一同走近国行PS4和它的小伙伴们!

关键词： PS4 神功玩家先行版索尼公司九阳国服游戏机游艺机玩具光盘版

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速度与激情老笔记本降温与升级

电脑迷 2015年第7期 54-55页

作者： ask

炎炎夏日对于PC散热性能而言绝对是一大考验,相对可以轻松拆卸做清洁的台式电脑,本身追求一体化和轻薄的机身设计,让笔记本通常拆起来比较麻烦,更多时候散热需要产品本身和外部简单的辅助。1散热底座成为必需品相对各种拆机、硬改,购买... 详细信息

炎炎夏日对于PC散热性能而言绝对是一大考验,相对可以轻松拆卸做清洁的台式电脑,本身追求一体化和轻薄的机身设计,让笔记本通常拆起来比较麻烦,更多时候散热需要产品本身和外部简单的辅助。1散热底座成为必需品相对各种拆机、硬改,购买散热底座对于笔记本散热而言无疑是最简单的。目前多数笔记本散热器都是采用单、双风扇设计或三风扇设计,有的还更多。其实笔记本散热器的散热能力,主要是由风扇所产生

关键词：笔记本电脑硬盘位 SSD 接口笔记本计算机光驱位 SATA

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追寻极致视觉体验艰难前行的4K显示器

电脑迷 2014年第6期 64-65页

作者： ask

4K显示?有片源吗?别又和3D显示一样,就一噱头吧?——提到4K显示器,总会面临这样那样的质疑,消费终端市场对于4K显示器总是怀有迟疑的态度,但作为显示器厂商,却从未放弃过对4K显示器的热情,从动辄三五万到不足五千元的售价,华硕、三星、... 详细信息

4K显示?有片源吗?别又和3D显示一样,就一噱头吧?——提到4K显示器,总会面临这样那样的质疑,消费终端市场对于4K显示器总是怀有迟疑的态度,但作为显示器厂商,却从未放弃过对4K显示器的热情,从动辄三五万到不足五千元的售价,华硕、三星、AOC等厂商纷纷推出4K显示器新品,让我们看到了厂商对于4K显示器的坚持与肯定。当有消费者开始憧憬着4K画面的极致视觉体验时,有否关注过4K显示器的艰难成长之路呢?

关键词：华硕售价终端市场屏幕厂商商人视觉体验解析度