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Metachronous chest wall metastasis from clear cell renal cell carcinomadA rarity

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Asian Journal of Urology 2021年第4期8卷 440-441页

作者： Hardik Patel P.ashwin Shekar Dinesh Reddy Sandhya Ramachandran Department of Urology Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical SciencesPrashantigramPuttaparthiAndhra PradeshIndia Department of Pathology Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical SciencesPrashantigramPuttaparthiAndhra PradeshIndia

A 55-year-old male who underwent left radical nephrectomy,4 years back for a left renal mass,presented with swelling over left chest since 2 *** initial histopathology report of the radical nephrectomy specimen mentioned a 7.2 cm6 cm large renal mass involving the upperpole of the left kidney which was infiltrating the renal sinus and was reported as a stage pT3a clear cell carcinoma with Fuhrman’s grade III *** physical examination,non-tender,firm swelling approximately 10 cm5 cm sized was seen and palpated in the left upper chest(Fig.1).His current blood biochemical workup including liver function tests was *** enhanced computed tomography(CECT)of abdomen showed empty left renal fossa with no evidence of *** of the chest showed two well defined,heterogenous enhancing lesions with central necrosis,involving anterior chest wall muscle and extended up to the left lateral cardiac border with the larger one being approximately 99 mm47 mm in size(Fig.2).

关键词： metastasis swelling sized

Evaluation of a Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test (dRIT) for Rapid Diagnosis of Rabies in Animals and Humans

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Virologica Sinica 2012年第5期27卷 299-302页

作者： Shampur Narayan Madhusudana Sundaramurthy Subha Ullas Thankappan Yajaman Belludi ashwin Department of Neurovirology National Institute of Mental health and Neurosciences(NIMHANS)

Presently the gold standard diagnostic technique for rabies is the direct immunofluorescence assay （dFA） which is very expensive and requires a high level of expertise. There is a need for more economical and user friendly tests, particularly for use in developing countries. We have established one such test called the direct rapid immunohistochemical test （dRIT） for diagnosis of rabies using brain tissue. The test is based on capture of rabies nucleoprotein （N） antigen in brain smears using a cocktail of biotinylated monoclonal antibodies specific for the N protein and color development by streptavidin peroxidase-amino ethyl carbazole and counter staining with haematoxollin. The test was done in parallel with standard FAT dFA using 400 brain samples from different animals and humans. The rabies virus N protein appears under fight microscope as reddish brown particles against a light blue background. There was 100 % correlation between the results obtained by the two tests. Also, interpretation of results by dRIT was easier and only required a light microscope. To conclude, this newly developed dRIT technique promises to be a simple, cost effective diagnostic tool for rabies and will have applicability in field conditions prevalent in developing countries.

关键词： Rabies, Post-mortem diagnosis Fluorescent antibody technique Immunohistochemistry Direct rapid immunohistochemical test(dRIT)

Wearable heater composites comprising traditional Hanji cellulose fibers coated with graphene,silver nanowires,and PEDOT:PSS via scalable supersonic spraying

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第33期164卷 27-36页

作者： Woojin Lim ashwin Khadka Byeong-Yeop Kim Chanwoo Park Ali Aldalbahi Govindasami Periyasami Bhavana Joshi Sam S.Yoon School of Mechanical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 136-713Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

Traditional Korean Hanji paper and cotton fabric were introduced as flexible substrates in the fabrication of graphene-coated *** nanowires and PEDOT:PSS were added to increase the electrical conductivity of the heaters,thereby enhancing their heating *** optimal concentrations of silver nanowires and PEDOT:PSS with respect to that of graphene were *** active materials were deposited on flexible Hanji/cotton and non-flexible alumina substrates using supersonic *** proposed Hanji-and cotton-based heaters were light,wearable,stretchable,skin-friendly,and *** unyielding alumina-based heater exhibited the highest heating temperature of 275°C at 13 *** heater bendability and stretchability were tested considering multiple bending and stretching ***,water boiling and fabric drying were successfully performed using the alumina-based *** supersonic spraying deposition technique was used to produce writable and patternable heaters.

关键词： Graphene Silver nanowires PEDOT:PSS Supersonic spraying Hanji Wearable heater

Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Pantoea dispersa significantly enhance growth and nutrition of broom grass

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 327-333页

作者： Nikhil Sai N ashwin R Bagyaraj DJVenugopala Rao R Centre for Natural Biological Resources and Community Development(CNBRCD) 41 RBI ColonyAnand NagarBangalore 560024KarnatakaIndia Laya Resource Centre YendadaVisakhapatnam 530045Andhra PradeshIndia

Broom grass(Thysanolaena maxima)is an evergreen non-timber forest produce *** grass is now domesticated for cultivation by *** is a multi-purpose grass providing mainly inflorescence used as brooms for cleaning every household and also fodder for cattle,fuel wood for cooking and thus enhance farmers *** earlier pot culture study brought out that Claroideoglomus etunicatum as the best arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus(AMF)and Pantoea dispersa as the best plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)for inoculating broom *** the present investigation,a pot culture experiment was conducted in glasshouse to study the effect of individual and combined inoculation of *** and *** on the growth of broom *** plant height,stem girth,biovolume index,plant dry weight,major and minor nutrient concentrations were significantly higher in plants inoculated with ***+*** compared to inoculation with either of *** was concluded that dual inoculation with the two selected beneficial microorganisms is best for enhancing the growth and yield of broom grass which in turn will improve the livelihood of the farmers.

关键词： Microbial consortia Mycorrhiza symbiosis Thysanolaena maxima

Pathological,molecular,and clinical characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma:A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第3期14卷 607-627页

作者： Mukul Vij Yogesh Puri ashwin Rammohan Gowripriya G Rajesh Rajalingam Ilankumaran Kaliamoorthy Mohamed Rela Department of Pathology Dr Rela Institute and Medical centerChennai 600044Tamil NaduIndia Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation Dr Rela Institute and Medical CenterChennai 600044Tamil NaduIndia

Cholangiocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of highly aggressive cancers that may arise anywhere within the biliary *** is a wide geographical variation with regards to its incidence,and risk-factor associations which may include liver fluke infection,primary sclerosing cholangitis,and hepatolithiasis amongst *** tumours are classified into intrahepatic,perihilar and distal based on their anatomical ***,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are further sub-classified into small and large duct *** and distal cholangiocarcinomas are usually mucin-producing tubular *** develop through a multistep carcinogenesis and are preceded by dysplastic and in situ *** clinical characteristics and management of these tumours have been extensively elucidated in literature,their ultra-structure and tumour biology remain relatively *** review focuses on the current knowledge of pathological characteristics,molecular alterations of cholangiocarcinoma,and its precursor lesions(including biliary intraepithelial neoplasia,intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct,intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasm).

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Classification Pathology Molecular features Precursors lesions Treatment

Determination of Cusp Number and Occlusal Groove Pattern in Mandibular Molars:A Preliminary Epidemiological Study in an Indian Population

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2016年第2期2卷 98-101页

作者： Urvashi ashwin Shetty Pushparaja Shetty Audrey Madonna D’Cruz Departments of Oral Pathology and Microbiology and 1Public Health Dentistry A.B.Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental ScienceNitte UniversityMangaloreKarnatakaIndia

Teeth are excellent material in living and nonliving populations for anthropological,genetic,odontologic,and forensic *** present study aims to study the number of a number of cusps in the first and second mandibular molar and to assess the frequency and expression of different types of occlusal groove *** cross‑sectional study is carried *** hundred patients attending the Outpatient Department of the hospital were recruited for the study based on exclusion and inclusion *** examination was done,and the morphological details of the crown(the number of cusps)were *** casts of the mandibular teeth were *** occlusal grooves were highlighted by using Indian ink and observed under the 2×magnification for the groove pattern(+or y type).Descriptive statistics were carried out for the *** the case of mandibular first molar,the 5 cusp form was the most frequent occlusal configuration(82%)followed by 6 cusp variety(12%)and 4 cusp variety(4%)*** predominant occlusal groove pattern seen in mandibular first molar was“y”shape(65%)followed by“+”pattern(28%).Hence,the most frequent occlusal surface configuration in case of first mandibular molar was“y5”*** the case of mandibular second molar,the 4 cusp form was the most frequent occlusal configuration(86%),followed by 5 cusp type(12%)*** predominant occlusal groove pattern seen in mandibular second molar was a“+”shape(85%)followed by“y”pattern(11%).Hence,the most frequent occlusal surface configuration in case of mandibular second molar was“+4”*** study of dental morphological characteristics is important in forensic and anthropological research as it can provide information on the phylogenetic relationship between species,as well as variation and diversities within a population.

关键词： Anthropology cusp dentistry forensic occlusal groove teeth

Oxidative stress in alcohol-related liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第7期12卷 332-349页

作者： Huey K Tan Euan Yates Kristen Lilly ashwin D Dhanda Hepatology Research Group Institute of Translational and Stratified MedicineFaculty of HealthUniversity of PlymouthPlymouth PL68BUUnited Kingdom South West Liver Unit University Hospitals Plymouth NHS TrustPlymouth PL68DHUnited Kingdom Department of Clinical Immunology University Hospitals Plymouth NHS TrustPlymouth PL68DHUnited Kingdom

Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease and results in high healthcare and economic *** alcohol misuse leads to alcohol-related liver disease,which is responsible for a significant proportion of alcohol-attributable deaths *** than reducing alcohol consumption,there are currently no effective treatments for alcohol-related liver *** stress refers to an imbalance in the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species and *** plays important roles in several aspects of alcohol-related liver disease ***,we review how chronic alcohol use results in oxidative stress through increased metabolism via the cytochrome P4502E1 system producing reactive oxygen species,acetaldehyde and protein and DNA *** trigger inflammatory signaling pathways within the liver leading to expression of pro-inflammatory mediators causing hepatocyte apoptosis and *** oxygen species exposure also results in mitochondrial stress within hepatocytes causing structural and functional dysregulation of mitochondria and upregulating apoptotic *** is also evidence that oxidative stress as well as the direct effect of alcohol influences epigenetic *** global histone methylation and acetylation and specific histone acetylation inhibits antioxidant responses and promotes expression of key pro-inflammatory *** review highlights aspects of the role of oxidative stress in disease pathogenesis that warrant further study including mitochondrial stress and epigenetic *** understanding of these processes may identify novel targets for therapy.

关键词： Alcohol-related liver disease Alcoholic hepatitis Oxidative stress Reactive

Non-invasive real-time assessment of hepatic macrovesicular steatosis in liver donors:Hypothesis,design and proof-of-concept study

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第10期13卷 1208-1214页

作者： Allwyn S Rajamani ashwin Rammohan VV Raghavendra Sai Mohamed Rela Department of Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation Dr.Rela Institute and Medical CentreBharath Institute of Higher Education and ResearchChennai 600044India

Macrovesicular Steatosis(MS)is an independent risk factor for adverse post-liver transplant(LT)*** degree of MS is intimately related to the viability of the liver graft,which in turn is crucial to the success of the *** ideal liver graft should have no MS and most centres would find it unacceptable to use a donor liver with severe MS for *** a formal liver biopsy is the goldstandard diagnostic test for MS,given the logistical and time constraints it is not universally *** tests like a frozen section biopsy are plagued by issues of fallibility with reporting and sampling bias making them inferior to a liver ***,the development of an accurate,non-invasive,easy-to-use,handheld,real-time device for quantification of MS would fill this lacuna in the deceased donor selection *** present the hypothesis,design and proof-ofconcept of a study,which aims to standardise and determine the feasibility and accuracy of a novel handheld device applying the principle of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for real-time quantification of MS.

关键词： Macrovesicular steatosis Deceased donors Liver transplantation Real-time devices Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Infection does not increase long-term mortality in patients with acute severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with corticosteroids

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第11期23卷 2052-2059页

作者： ashwin D Dhanda Ashish Sinha Vicky Hunt Sarah Saleem Matthew E Cramp Peter L Collins Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry South West Liver Unit Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust Department of Liver Medicine University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

AIM To determine whether infection in patients with acute severe alcoholic hepatitis(AAH) treated with corticosteroids is associated with increased *** Consecutive patients with AAH were treated with steroids and recruited to the study. Clinically relevant infections(body temperature > 38 ℃ or 0.25 ×109/L, consolidation on chest radiograph or clinically relevant positive microbiological culture of bodily fluid) were recorded prospectively. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded and survival at 90 d and 6 mo was determined. Univariate analysis of factors associated with 90-d mortality was performed and significant variables included in a multivariate *** Seventy-two patients were included in the final analysis(mean age 47.9 years, 26% female, mean discriminant function 53.0). Overall mortality in the group occurred in 15(21%), 23(32%) and 31(43%) at day 28, day 90 and 1 year respectively. 36(50%) had a clinically relevant infection during their hospitalisation(23 after initiation of steroids). The median time to development of incident infection after commencement of steroids was 10 d. The commonest site of infection was ascites(31%) and bacteraemia(31%) followed by urinary tract(19%) and respiratory tract(8%). Forty-one separate organisms were isolated in 33 patients; the most frequent genus was Escherichia(22%) and Enterococcus(20%). Infection was not associated with 90-d or 1 year mortality but was associated with higher creatinine, model for end-stage liver disease and Lille score. Baseline urea was the only independent predictor of 90-d *** Clinically relevant infections are common in patients with AAH but are not associated with increased 90-d or 1 year mortality.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Escherichia Infection Lille score Corticosteroids