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Improving milk safety at farm-level in an intensive dairy production system:relevance to smallholder dairy producers

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Food Quality and Safety 2018年第3期2卷 135-143页

作者： Habtamu Lemma D. ashenafi mengistu Taddese Kuma Berhanu Kuma Wolaita Sodo University College of AgriculturePOB 138Ethiopia Addis Ababa University College of Veterinary Medicine and AgricultureEthiopia Ethiopian Development Research Institute Ethiopia

Objective:This paper discusses methods for improving milk safety in smallholder ***:Analyzing best practices/experiences of selected countries and Ethiopian dairy farming as a case study(household survey and milk testing).Results:The coliform count was slightly higher than European *** value of total bacterial count found was higher than the standard of bacteriological quality of *** Cell count is slightly higher than US standard,but it is in the range of the EU ***,there were other associated challenges facing dairy farmers,including shortage of feed concentrate and water,milk marketing,health of dairy stock,and manure *** better practices were also observed including literacy and dairying experience of smallholder dairy *** this,increased availability of some dairy stakeholders and their efforts would also be an added *** efforts of private veterinarians to engage in provision of drugs and on-call home-treatment for stall-fed cows were good,but this needs to be complemented with laboratory based-diagnostic/clinical and advisory services prevent ***:Improvement of milk safety can be achieved through good management practices by dairy farmers,market incentives,and increased efforts of various stakeholders and the adoption of best *** this regard,a coordinated action involving all stakeholders is needed to implement preventative/control measures,quality management strategies,and appropriate regulation while supporting and building capacity of smallholder dairy producers to minimize risks associated with milk production.

关键词： milk safety challenges prevention intensive dairy systems smallholders dairy farms.

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Solar Cooling Alternatives for Residential Houses

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2024年第7期18卷 348-362页

作者： Meron Mulatu mengistu Bahir Dar Institute of Technology Bahir Dar UniversityBahir Dar 26Ethiopia

The energy consumption rate of non-OECD(non-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)countries rises about 2.3 percent per year as compared to the OECD countries which is 0.6 *** developing countries use energy efficient technology and integrate renewable energy systems in the new building their carbon dioxide emission rate reduces by 25 to 44 ***,even now,renewable energy integrated buildings are hardly considered while constructing *** paper focuses on the study of solar cooling system options for residential house of Bahir Dar city,in *** meet the demand of housing in the city,different types of apartments and villa houses are under *** the analysis case study was made focusing on two types of residential houses,condominium apartment and Impact Real Estate Villa *** results of IDA ICE software show that the average operative temperatures and cooling loads for condominium apartment and Real-estate Vila are 31.8℃ and 30.7℃,5.53 kW and 5.73 kW *** of the residences are not satisfied at this operating *** are different types of solar cooling *** sorption cooling systems are commonly used which can also be classified into absorption,adsorption and desiccant cooling *** adsorption cooling systems are easy to manufacture locally as compared to solar absorption cooling *** do not have moving *** of the working medium pairs used in adsorption cooling system are:activated carbon/ammonia,silica gel/water,zeolite/*** chillier with silica gel/water as a working pair was selected since it can operate at regeneration/desorption temperature as low as 45℃ coming from flat plate *** 75℃ regeneration temperature,the system delivers 9℃ chilled water *** cooling load simulation result direct solar irradiation is the highest source of cooling load for both *** gives an opportunity for passive solar cooling

关键词： Adsorption cooling load condominium impact real-estate IDA ICE

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Watershed prioritization for conservation planning using RUSLE and morphometric methods,Northwestern Ethiopia

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山地科学学报(英文) 2023年第8期20卷 2242-2262页

作者： Agumassie Genet GELA Daniel Ayalew mengistu Daniel Asfaw BEKELE Department of General Forestry Debre Markos UniversityBure 18Ethiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Bahir Dar UniversityBahir Dar 79Ethiopia Geo-spatial Data and Technology Center(GDTC) Bahir Dar UniversityBahir Dar 79Ethiopia

Soil erosion and the subsequent sedimentation are serious environmental *** land management coupled with intense rainfall has complicated the problem in the Ethiopian ***,soil loss costs a profound amount of the national GDP and deters land *** soil loss and prioritizing areas for conservation is imperative for proper planning and resource ***,this study aimed at estimating the mean annual soil loss rate of Gilgel Abay watershed which has critical implications on Lake Tana and Abbay River(Upper Blue Nile River),using RUSLE and morphometric analysis *** including rainfall,soil,Digital Elevation Model and land use/land cover were used to generate important parameters required for the soil loss *** collected through field observation,consultation with experts and document analysis were used for validation *** results of the study reveal that the watershed experienced an average soil loss rate of 39.8 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1).Subsequently,nearly 25%(37,038 ha)of the watershed is threatened by moderate to very severe soil *** the four sub watersheds,sub watershed 3(S3)and sub watershed 4(S4),which consist of about 65%(105,000 ha)of the total area of the study watershed,experienced an annual soil loss rate of over 30 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1).The amount of soil loss that the study watershed has experienced is above the soil loss tolerance level of Ethiopia(2-18 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1))and the tropical region(10 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1)).Similarly,the results of morphometric analysis showed that the studied watershed has S-shaped hypsometric curve,an indication for maturity stage of landscape *** studied watershed is also characterized by a non-circular shaped drainage with rugged and dissected topography that contributes to high flash flood,peak discharge and incidence of soil *** result of both models signified that S3 and S4 are highly susceptible to soil ***,t

关键词： Soil loss RUSLE model Morphometric analysis Gilgel Abay watershed

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Structure and regeneration status of woody species in the Munessa Forest,Southern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 493-501页

作者： mengistu Gelasso Junqing Li Department of Forest Ecology College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityP.O.Box 100083BeijingPeople’s Republic of China

This study evaluates the structure and regeneration status of woody species in the Munessa Forest,a dry Afromontane forest in southern *** data were collected using a systematic sampling *** and distribution of seedlings,saplings and mature trees were assessed along an altitudinal gradient using quadrats of different *** number of individuals,frequencies,heights and DBH of species>1 m and DBH>2.5 cm were recorded in altitudinal bands of 100 *** of the vegetation structure shows that the density of woody species decreases as DBH and height class *** area of stems with DBH>2.5 cm was 53.4 m^(2)ha^(−1).Population structure and regeneration patterns indicate a significant degradation of the forest due to anthropogenic *** was better for less valuable woody species than for species with economic and ecological *** suggests a discontinuous recruitment of these species due to selective cutting of middle and higher diameter ***,enrichment planting of high value,endangered species is necessary to maintain them as part of this *** is a need to develop and implement an effective forest management plan for sustainable use of these forest resources.

关键词： Woody species Altitudinal gradient Regeneration status Structural distribution

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Farmers' decision to adopt watershed management practices in Gibe basin, southwest Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第4期7卷 376-387页

作者： Fekadu mengistu Engdawork Assefa Center for Environment and Development Studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Debre Berhan UniversityDebre BerhanEthiopia

Watershed management practices have been implemented to avert land degradation and to enhance people's livelihoods in the highlands of Ethiopia for several ***,the successes of these practices have been quite limited and the main factors affecting these practices have not been examined in *** study intended to investigate rates and intensities of adoption of watershed management practices and to determine the main factors affecting farmers' adoption decisions in the upper Gibe *** were collected from 304 household heads in six sub catchments across different topographic settings using household *** groups discussions,key informant interviews and transect walk observations were also *** statistics and econometric models such as,multivariate and ordered probit were used to analyze the *** results revealed that the majority of households (82.6 percent) used at least one of the six practices considered in this *** bund,grass strip cultivation with soil bund and compost were the major watershed management practices adopted by *** rate and intensity of adoption were better for program participants and in upper and middle topographic *** results of the multivariate and ordered probit analysis indicated that household size,extension services,credit services,training services and perception of soil erosion had positive significant relationship with both rate and intensity of adoption of most ***,policy makers and planners need to consider labor,knowledge and awareness,and capital intensive nature of the practices for the up scaling planning and implementations of watershed intervention technologies.

关键词： Watershed management practices Farmers' decision Adoption Determinants Gibe river basin

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Determinants of Smallholder Farmers Adoption of Acacia decurrens in Northwest Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1249-1267页

作者： Amelework Biresaw mengistu Ketema Tesfaye Lemma Chanyalew Seyoum Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension College of Agriculture Wollo University Dessie Ethiopia Ethiopian Economic Association Addis Ababa Ethiopia School of Rural Development and Agricultural Innovation College of Agriculture and Environmental Science Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia

Planting a fast-growing multipurpose Acacia decurrens (AD) tree is one of the climate-smart agricultural practices that have been promoted in Ethiopia, which is widely practiced and an important livelihood strategy in Awi zone. However, the extent of its adoption varies considerably among households in the study area. This study investigated the determinants of intensity of adoption of AD among 385 randomly selected rural households in Awi Zone. Data were gathered using a cross-sectional household survey. Descriptive statistics and Two-limit Tobit model were employed for data analysis. The result of the study shows that on average the intensity of adoption of AD was 0.43 (43% of the total cropland area), though majority of the farmers (48.8%) belong to low level of adoption. The result of the analysis shows that being male, educational level, access to seedling, experience in growing the tree, extension contact has positive and significant relationship with the intensity of adoption. Age of head of household, land holding size, livestock holding size, soil fertility status, disease emergence and road distance have negative and significant influence on intensity of adoption. These suggest that expanding road infrastructure, education, access to seedling, secure land property right, disease management, and provision of extension services related to the AD can also improve smallholder farmers’ intensity of AD adoption. The generated information provides a picture of the study area’s situation to the attention of policy makers, development practitioners and institutional service providers to formulate a better policy intervention to sustain smallholder farmers’ AD plantation.

关键词： Adoption Intensity Acacia decurrens Tree Two-Limit Tobit Northwest Ethiopia

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光催化苯制苯酚的研究进展

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2023年第6期49卷 16-41页

作者： mengistu Tulu Gonfa 申升陈浪胡彪周威白张君区泽堂尹双凤湖南大学化学化工学院化学/生物传感与化学计量学国家重点实验室教育部高级催化工程研究中心湖南长沙410082 福州大学化工学院福建福州350002

苯酚作为一种重要的有机化学品,广泛用于制造树脂、合成橡胶、染料和药品等行业.然而,传统的苯酚生产方法——联苯法存在着许多问题,如反应条件苛刻和产物纯度低等,这些问题严重制约了苯酚的工业化生产应用.因此,开发一种高效、绿色的... 详细信息

苯酚作为一种重要的有机化学品,广泛用于制造树脂、合成橡胶、染料和药品等行业.然而,传统的苯酚生产方法——联苯法存在着许多问题,如反应条件苛刻和产物纯度低等,这些问题严重制约了苯酚的工业化生产应用.因此,开发一种高效、绿色的苯酚制备方法十分必要.目前,苯一步法制苯酚反应备受关注,然而,实现该反应难度很大.首先,苯分子的C(sp2)-H键活化在化学反应中比较稳定,难以高效活化.其次,相比惰性反应物苯,产物苯酚分子本身更易氧化,使反应的选择性调控成为挑战.光催化选择性氧化苯制苯酚具有反应条件温和、选择性高和产物纯度高等优点,是一种很有工业应用前景的苯酚制备方法.本文系统总结了近年来多相光催化氧化苯制苯酚的研究进展,包括从光催化剂设计原则、改性策略、反应机理分析、影响反应动力学的因素、反应器设计和光催化剂失活机制等方面.首先,单原子、层状双氢氧化物和金属簇构成的光催化剂具有高效催化作用和良好的反应选择性.其次,在光催化反应过程中,光催化剂的设计和合成是非常关键的,可以通过调节光催化剂的组成和结构来提高反应效率和选择性.此外,基于原位表征和密度泛函理论计算的机理研究也为光催化反应的优化提供了重要的理论基础.此外,介绍了光催化反应器的设计原理和操作要点,以及光催化剂失活的原因和解决方案.在未来的研究中,可以考虑更多的应用新材料和新技术来设计和制备高效催化剂.还可以利用先进的表征和理论计算方法更深入地研究光催化反应的机理,并探索更多的反应条件和催化剂组合,以提高光催化反应的效率和选择性.在实际应用中,光催化反应器的设计和操作也需要进一步完善,以确保光催化反应的稳定性和可控性.随着对光催化反应机理和催化剂设计的深入理解,相信未来光催化苯制苯酚技术会有更多的突破和进展.综上,本文为光催化选择性氧化苯成为苯酚的研究提供了参考,也为光催化反应的设计、优化和应用提供了一定的思路.

关键词：苯苯酚直接氧化光催化剂光反应器

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Commercialization of Cow Milk Production in West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第5期14卷 710-724页

作者： Azeb Lemma mengistu Ketema Jemma Haji Abule Mehare School of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Haramaya University Haramaya Ethiopia

Livestock plays a vital role in the livelihood of many people in Ethiopia. However, a number of challenges hindered the development of the dairy sector along with its commercialization. Advancing commercialization of the rural generations was a foundation of the advancement and poverty reduction policies of Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data from 385 randomly selected households in Eastern Ethiopia were used in this study to assess the commercialization of cow milk producers. Descriptive statistics and the two limit Tobit econometric models were used to analyze the data. The average commercialization index was 0.434, indicating that each household sold 43.4 percent of the milk produced during the survey period. Ownership of improved breed cow, cooperative participation, access to market information, and quantity of milk produce influenced milk commercialization positively, but household size and distance to the nearest market influenced it negatively. The study suggests strengthening policies to improve rural family planning, strengthening farmer cooperatives to reinforce knowledge sharing among farmers for enhancing farmer resource endowment, and promoting improved breed varieties. The commercialization of milk producers will also expand as a result of policies that try to lower the transaction costs of accessing markets, improve the capacity of rural institutions, and encourage value addition and market links among various market players.

关键词： Commercialization Cow Milk Tobit West Hararghe Zone

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Effects of Inclusion of Different Levels of Ethiopian Thyme (Thymus schimperi Ronniger) as Natural Additive on Chemical Composition and In Sacco Dry Matter Degradability of Total Mixed Ration and Feed Ingredients

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2022年第11期12卷 155-169页

作者： Feyissa Kera mengistu Urge Getachew Animut Adugna Tolera Department of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture Salale University Fitche Ethiopia Department of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Ethiopian Agricultural Transformation Agency Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture Hawassa University Hawassa Ethiopia

This study evaluated the effects of the inclusion of Ethiopian thyme (Thymus schimperi Ronninger) to natural pasture hay (NPH), noug seed cake (NSC), wheat bran (WB) and total mixed ration (TMR) on the chemical composition and in Sacco dry matter (DM) degradability of the feeds. The Thyme plant used for the study was collected from Dinsho and Tarmaber districts in the highlands of Ethiopia. Samples of the TMR and NPH, WB and NSC with or without thyme were divided into two parts and ground to pass through 1 mm screen for chemical analysis and 2 mm screen for in sacco DM degradability. The TMR contained 50% NPH, 32.5% WB, 14% NSC, 3% molasses and 0.5% common salt. The feed ingredients (NPH, WB and NSC) and the TMR were incubated without thyme or with thyme substituting the diet at 8%, 16% and 24% levels of treatments. The chemical composition of all the feeds differed significantly (P In sacco rumen dry matter degradability of NPH, WB, NSC and TMR was increased (P in sacco DM degradability of NPH at all incubation hours was higher (P Thymus schimperi plant up to a level of 24% DM in feed can reasonably stimulate the growth and activity of the certain rumen microbes that promoted an improvement in ruminal DM degradability of the diet with the thyme inclusion.

关键词： Natural Additive Feed Degradability Thymus schimperi Medicinal Plant Phytochemicals

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Perception and attitude of pastoralists on livestock-wildlife interactions around Awash National Park, Ethiopia: implication for biodiversity conservation

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 129-141页

作者： Yihew Biru Zewdu K.Tessema mengistu Urge Department of Biology School of Natural and Computational SciencesDire Dawa UniversityPO Box 1632Dire DawaEthiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesHaramaya UniversityPO Box 138Dire DawaEthiopia.

Introduction:Pastoral livestock share grazing areas and watering points with wildlife around the protected areas in Eastern *** causes a high degree of livestock-wildlife interactions,leading to conflicts between the local community and park ***,understanding the perception and attitude of local people towards livestockwildlife interaction is very crucial to optimize both livestock production and biodiversity conservation in protected *** paper presents the perception and attitude of local community towards livestock-wildlife interactions around Awash National Park(ANP),***:Interview to 180 randomly selected households,representing Afar,Ittu,and Kereyu ethnic groups living around ANP,was conducted from August to December 2015 using a semi-structured *** on community attitude towards wildlife,livestock production systems,and its constraints were collected through focus group-and key informant *** used ordinal logistic regression model to analyze community attitude towards wildlife ***:Respondents ranked feed shortage(0.38),lack of water(0.32),and climate change(0.30)as the major constraints of livestock production around ANP.A high degree of conflict(79%;χ^(2)=24.09;df=2;P=0.000)between the local community and park was *** 73%of the households would be ready to live in harmony with the ***,85%of park staff considered the community as a threat,due to high livestock grazing pressure and illegal park resource ***,community attitude towards wildlife significantly varied(χ^(2)=46.28;df=4;P=0.00)particularly due to educational level(χ^(2)=15.96;df=6;P=0.014),income source(χ^(2)=16.77;df=2;P=0.00),and distance of household from ANP(χ^(2)=20.51;df=4;P=0.00).The logistic regression model revealed that ethnic group,education,benefit obtained,and conflict with the park were significantly associated with attitude towards wildlife(χ^(2)15=76.62;df=16;P=0.000).Conclusions:Maj

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Conflict Livestock production Pastoral community Protected areas

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