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Egg-associated secretions from the brown planthopper(Nilaparvata lugens)activate rice immune responses

Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1135-1149页

作者： Jing Li Shuai Li Jing Li Xinyang Tan Zhichang Zhao Lei Jiang ary a.hoffmann Jichao Fang Rui Ji Institute of Plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and TechnologyNanjingChina College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina School of Plant Protection Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina School of BioSciences Bio21 InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture&Environmental Protection Huaiyin Normal UniversityHuaianJiangsu ProvinceChina

The brown planthopper(BPH,Nilaparvata lugens)is a notorious sap-sucking insect pest that damages rice(Oryza sativa)plants throughout *** BPH feeding,saliva enters rice plant tissues,whereas during oviposition egg-associated secretions(EAS)are deposited in damaged plant *** changes in rice to planthopper salivary effectors have been widely ***,the effects of EAS from planthopper on rice immunity remains largely *** this study,we found that both infestation of rice by gravid BPH female adults and treatment with the EAS elicited a strong and rapid accumulation of jasmonic acid(JA),JA-isoleucine,and hydrogen peroxide in *** enhanced plant defenses not only in rice but also in tobacco,and these impaired the performance of BPH on rice,as well as the performance of aphids and whiteflies on ***-throughput proteome sequencing of EAS led to 110 proteins being identified and 53 proteins with 2 or more unique peptides being *** proteins from BPH EAS were also found in the salivary proteome from herbivores,suggesting potential evolutionary conservation of effector functions across feeding and oviposition;however,others were only identified in EAS,and these are likely specifically related to *** findings point to novel proteins affecting interactions between planthoppers and rice during oviposition,providing an additional source of information for effector studies.

关键词： egg-associated secretion Nilaparvata lugens oviposition plant immunity proteome

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Comparative studies of critical physiological limits and vulnerability to environmental extremes in small ectotherms:How much environmental control is needed?

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 355-371页

作者： ary a.hoffmann Carla M.SGRÒ School of BioSciences Bio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia School of Biological Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia

Researchers and practitioners are increasingly using comparative assessments of critical thermal and physiological limits to assess the relative vulnerability of ectothermic species to extreme thermal and aridity conditions occurring under climate *** most assessments of vulnerability,critical limits are compared across taxa exposed to different environmental and developmental ***,many aspects of vulnerability should ideally be compared when species are exposed to the same environmental conditions,allowing a partitioning of sources of variation such as used in quantitative *** is particularly important when assessing the importance of different types of plasticity to critical limits,using phylogenetic analyses to test for evolutionary constraints,isolating genetic variants that contribute to limits,characterizing evolutionary interactions among traits limiting adaptive responses,and when assessing the role of cross generation ***,vulnerability assessments based on critical thermal/physiological limits also need to take place within a context that is relevant to field conditions,which is not easily provided under controlled environmental conditions where behavior,microhabitat,stress exposure rates and other factors will differ from field *** are ways of reconciling these requirements,such as by taking organisms from controlled environments and then testing their performance under field conditions(or vice versa).While comparisons under controlled environments are challenging for many taxa,assessments of critical thermal limits and vulnerability will always be incomplete unless environmental effects within and across generations are considered,and where the ecological relevance of assays measuring critical limits can be established.

关键词： comparative studies common garden critical limits ectotherms environmental control thermal limits stress resistance

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Mortality of Australian alpine grasses (Poa spp.) after drought: species differences and ecological patterns

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第2期5卷 121-133页

作者： Philippa C.Griffin ary a.hoffmann Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research Department of GeneticsBio21 Institute30 Flemington RoadUniversity of MelbourneParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia

Aims Australian alpine ecosystems currently experience high precipitation in the snow-free season,but they are predicted to experience drier conditions under climate *** observed high mortality of the dominant alpine grasses following drought in *** aims were as follows:to test the involvement of plant-available water(PAW)and other environmental variables in grass mortality in the field;to detect possible species differences in drought response and to link soil moisture to precipitation using soil properties and climate *** The dominant tussock grasses of the Australian alpine zone,Poa hothamensis *** ***,Poa hiemata Vickery and Poa phillipsiana Vickery(Poaceae),all exhibited mortality following drought in the Bogong High Plains,Victoria,Australia in *** was calculated using soil water potential measurements,and past drought occurrence was modelled using climate *** then tested the effects of PAW and soil depth on grass survival both at a large spatial scale spanning the elevational range of the alpine zone and at a smaller *** hothamensis and *** were compared in a common-garden experiment to test drought *** Findings Poa hothamensis survival was predicted by dry-season PAW at the small spatial scale;at the large scale,soil depth and elevation were more important predictors of *** survival,but dry-season PAW predicted *** ***-garden experiments supported field observations that *** is more droughtsensitive than is *** also present a simple polynomial relationship between rainfall and field soil moisture,which predicts that the alpine soils dry below wilting point several times a *** suggest the timing of long rain-free periods may be more important than their duration.

关键词： climate change disturbance drought adaptation grassland

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Summer egg diapause in a matchstick grasshopper synchronizes the life cycle and buffers thermal extremes

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 437-449页

作者： Michael R.KEARNEY John DEUTSCHER Jacinta D.KONG ary a.hoffmann School of BioSciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia

The phenological response is among the most important traits affecting a species’sensitivity to *** insects,strongly seasonal environments often select for a univoltine life cycle such that one seasonal extreme is avoided as an inactive *** understanding the underlying mechanisms for univoltinism,and the consequences of its failure,we can better predict insect responses to climate *** we combine empirical data and simulation studies to investigate the consequences of an unusual diapause mechanism in a parthenogenetic matchstick grasshopper,Warramaba virgo,from arid southern *** field body temperature measurements indicate that this species is a thermoconformer and our laboratory studies of the thermal response of feeding rate imply strong constraints on winter ***,the species exhibits no obligate winter diapause,and eggs can develop in 1 month under constant temperatures approximating the mean soil temperature at the time of oviposition(summer).We show that diurnal temperature cycles exceeding a peak of 36℃ inhibit egg development in summer,and that this is sufficient to prevent autumnal hatching of *** is also strongly retarded below 24℃.Microclimate-driven simulation studies of egg development show that these thermal responses provide robust maintenance of a univoltine life cycle,thereby resulting in survival of heat stress as an egg(due to limited developmental state)and avoidance of cold stress as a nymph and adult(due to overwintering in the soil as an egg).

关键词： egg diapause life cycle matchstick grasshopper phenology thermal extremes thermoregulation

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Characterization of the first Wolbachia from the genus Scaptodrosophila,a male-killer from the rainforest species ***

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Insect Science 2022年第5期29卷 1401-1413页

作者： Kelly M.Richardson Michele Schiffer Perran A.Ross Joshua A.Thia ary a.hoffmann School of Biosciences Bio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Daintree Rainforest Observatory James Cook UniversityCape TribulationQueenslandAustralia

The Scaptodrosophila genus represents a large group of drosophilids with a worldwide distribution and a predominance of species in Australia,but there is little information on the presence and impacts of Wolbachia endosymbionts in this *** we describe the first Wolbachia infection from this group,wClay isolated from Scaptodrosophila claytoni(van Klinken),a species from the east coast of *** infection is polymorphic in natural populations,occurring at a frequency of around 6%–10%.wClay causes male killing,producing female-biased lines;most lines showed 100%male killing,though in 1 line it was<80%.The lines need to be maintained through the introduction of males unless the infection is removed by tetracycline *** is transmitted at a high fidelity(98.6%)through the maternal lineage and has been stable in 2 laboratory lines across 24 generations,suggesting it is likely to persist in *** infection has not been previously described but is closely related to the male-killing Wolbachia recently described from Drosophila pandora based on multilocus sequence typing and the wsp ***-killing Wolbachia are likely to be common in drosophilids but remain difficult to detect because the infections can often be at a low frequency.

关键词： male-killer multilocus sequence typing phenotypic effects Scaptodrosophila Wolbachia

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The genome sequence of a spider mite,Tetranychustruncatus, provides insights into interspecific host rangevariation and the genetic basis of adaptation to a low-qualityhost plant

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Insect Science 2023年第5期30卷 1208-1228页

作者： Lei Chen Xin-YueYu Xiao-Feng Xue Feng Zhang Li-XueGuo Hua-Meng Zhang ary a.hoffmann Xiao-Yue Hong Jing-Tao Sun Department of Entomology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina Bio21 Institute School of BiosciencesThe Universityof MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

The phytophagous miteTetranychus truncatusis a serious pest in East Asiabut has a relatively narrower host range than the pest miteTetranychus urticae,which canfeed on over 1200 plant ***,we generated a high-quality chromosomal levelgenome *** compared it with that ***,with an emphasis on thegenes related to detoxification and chemoreception,to explore the genomic basis under-lying the evolution of host *** also conducted population genetics analyses(in 86females from 10 populations)and host transfer experiments(in 4 populations)to investi-gate transcription changes following transfer to a low-quality host(Solanum melongena,eggplant),and we established possible connections between fitness on eggplant and genesrelated to detoxification and *** found *** fewer genesrelated to detoxification,transport,and chemoreception ***,with a particularlystrong reduction in gustatory receptor(GR)*** also found widespread transcrip-tional variation ***,which varied in fitness on *** selection on detoxification-related genes throughωvalues and found a nega-tive correlation between expression levels andω*** on the transcription results,as well as the fitness and genetic differences among populations,we identified genes po-tentially involved in adaptation to eggplant *** work provides a genomicresource for this pest mite and new insights into mechanisms underlying the adaptation ofherbivorous mites to host plants.

关键词： detoxification and metabolism gustatory receptors host adaptation spidermites

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Mitochondrial DNA suggests a single maternal origin for the widespread triploid parthenogenetic pest species, Paratanytarsus grimmii, but microsatellite variation shows local endemism

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 345-357页

作者： Melissa Carew Bryant Gagliardi ary A. hoffmann Victorian Centre of Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Bio21 Institute The Department of Zoology The University ofMelbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Austrafia

Parthenogenesis is common among invasive pest species, with many partheno- genetic species also showing polyploidy. Parthenogenetic polyploid species often have multiple hybrid origins and the potential to rapidly spread over vast geographical ar- eas. In this study, we examine patterns of mitochondrial and microsatellite variation in a widespread triploid parthenogenetic chironomid pest species, Paratanytarsus grimmii. Based on samples from five countries, including Australia, England, Germany, Japan, and Canada, we found extremely low mitochondrial diversity （〈0.14%）, with most individuals sharing a common and widespread haplotype. In contrast, microsatellite diversity revealed 41 clonal variants, which were regionally endemic. These findings suggest a single invasive maternal lineage ofP grimmii is likely to have recently spread over a broad geographical range. High levels of genotypic endemism suggest P grimmii populations have remained relatively isolated after an initial spread, with little ongoing migration. This, in part, can be attributed to rapid genetic differentiation via mutations of common clonal genotypes after P. grimmii spread, but multiple polyploidization and subsequent founder events are also likely to be contributing factors.

关键词： invasive microsatellites mitochondrial Paratanytarsus grimmii parthenogenesis triploid

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Genetic structure of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci populations in Colombia following a recent invasion

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Insect Science 2015年第4期22卷 483-494页

作者： Fernando Dfaz Nancy M. Endersby ary A. hoffmann Department of Biology Universidad del Valle Cali Colombia Department of Genetics Pest and Disease Vector Group Bio 21 Institute University of Melboume Parkville Victoria 301 0 Australia

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） is one of the most important pests causing economic losses in a variety of cropping systems around the world. This species was recently found in a coastal region of Colombia and has now spread inland. To investigate this invasive process, the genetic structure of B. tabaci was examined in 8 sampling locations from 2 infested regions （coastal, inland） using 9 microsatellite markers and the mitochondrial COI gene. The mitochondrial analysis indicated that only the invasive species of the B. tabaci complex Middle East-Asia Minor 1 （MEAM 1 known previously as biotype B） was present. The microsatellite data pointed to genetic differences among the regions and no isolation by distance within regions. The coastal region in the Caribbean appears to have been the initial point of invasion, while the inland region in the Southwest showed genetic variation among populations most likely reflecting founder events and ongoing changes associated with climatic and topographical heterogeneity. These findings have implications for tracking and managing B. tabaci.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci Colombia microsatellites Middle East-Asia Minor 1(MEAM 1) mtCOI population structure

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Developing Exon-Primed Intron-Crossing （EPIC） markers for population genetic studies in three Aedes disease vectors

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Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 409-423页

作者： Vanessa Linley White Nancy Margaret Endersby Janice Chan ary Anthony hoffmann Andrew Raymond Weeks Department of Genetics Bio21 Institute the University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia

Aedes aegypti, Aedes notoscriptus, and Aedes albopictus are important vectors of many arboviruses implicated in human disease such as dengue fever. Genetic markers applied across vector species can provide important information on population structure, gene flow, insecticide resistance, and taxonomy, however, robust microsatellite markers have proven difficult to develop in these species and mosquitoes generally. Here we consider the utility and transferability of 15 Ribosome protein （Rp） Exon-Primed Intron- Crossing （EPIC） markers for population genetic studies in these 3 Aedes species. Rp EPIC markers designed for Ae. aegypti also successfully amplified populations of the sister species, Ae. albopictus, as well as the distantly related species, Ae. notoscriptus. High SNP and good indel diversity in sequenced alleles plus support for amplification of the same regions across populations and species were additional benefits of these markers. These findings point to the general value of EPIC markers in mosquito population studies.

关键词： Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus Aedes notoscriptus Exon-Primed Intron- Crossing (EPIC) indels Ribosome protein (Rp) SNPs

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Conserved profiles of digestion by double restriction endonucleases in insect genomes facilitate the design of dd RAD

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Zoological Systematics 2018年第4期43卷 341-355页

作者： Bingyan Li Qiao Gao Lijun Cao ary Anthony hoffmann Qiong Yang Jiaying Zhu Shujun Wei Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province College of Forestry Southwest Forestry University Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences School of BioSciences Bio21 Institute The University of Melbourne

Double-digested Restriction Site Associated DNA Sequencing（ddRAD） through next-generation sequencing（NGS） generates large numbers of loci for characterizing genomewide variation among multiple samples using next-generation sequencing. Different combinations of restriction endonucleases（REs） may produce varying size distributions of digested fragments, which affect the number of genotyped loci. Understanding digestion profiles across different species will help in selecting REs for digestion in a particular organism. In this study, we use of genome sequences to compare the in silico digestion profile of 26 combinations of REs in 131 insect species with two simulation programs. The number of digested fragments in the 300-450 bp range increases linearly with the size of the genome. Different species and insect orders showed similar profiles when digested by different combinations of REs in silico, indicating the conservation of digestion by double enzymes in insect genomes. Combinations with Nla III or TaqαI usually produced higher number of fragments in the range 300-450 bp, while combinations with EcoRI or MluCI produced fewer fragments. The proportion of fragments with the same overhangs at the two ends of digested DNA was higher than those with different overhangs. The two four-base enzyme pairs produced more fragments in the 300-450 bp range than pairs of four-base ＋ six-base enzymes. Experimental digestion of three species from Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Thysanoptera showed profiles congruent with in silico expectations. Our results shed light on understanding the digestion profiles of insect genomes and provide guidance on selecting REs for ddRAD projects.

关键词： Double-digested RADseq in silico simulation insect genome optimal doubledigestion combination

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