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Open Journal of Stomatology 2015年第1期5卷 6-11页

作者： Isaac Kipyator Bokindo Fawzia butt Jameela Hassanali School of Dental Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Human Anatomy University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

The position and branching of the lingual nerve (LN) in the mandibular third molar region were documented in 30 head hemi-sections (16: right and 14: left). In all the dissections, the LN was found below the level of the posterior alveolar crest (PAC). Branching was observed in 26 (86.7%) of the 30 specimen in which one branch was most frequently given per hemi-section. All branches were located superior to the main trunk of the LN. The mean vertical distance of the LN from the PAC was 10.3 ± 5.2 mm (range: 2.8 - 19.9 mm) whereas the mean antero-posterior distance was 7.1 ± 2.8 mm (range: 1.3 - 15.6 mm). The mean mandibular height from the PAC was 28.7 ± 4.0 mm (range: 23.3 - 40.7 mm). The vertical distance and mandibular height correlated positively giving a ratio of 1:2.7 between the two parameters. There was no significant difference between the two sides of the head. Position of the LN differed from previous studies suggesting that ethnicity may have a role in morphometry of the nerve. Use of different methodology may also contribute to this. Branches of the LN being closer to the PAC may be more prone to injury than the main trunk during surgical treatment.

关键词： Lingual Nerve Branches Morphometry Morphology

Impact of direct acting antivirals on occurrence and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: Biologically plausible or an epiphenomenon?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第2期10卷 267-276页

作者： Amna Subhan butt Fatima Sharif Shahab Abid Section of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Aga Khan University Hospital

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection(HCV) is the most common cause of HCC in many European countries, Japan and Pakistan. Introduction of the new direct acting antivirals(DAAs) has revolutionized the management of HCV worldwide, with high rates of sustained virologic response in patients who could not have tolerated the previous interferon based treatments. However, recently there have been reports raising caution about the long term effects of DAAs, particularly a possible increased risk of HCC. Therefore this review explores the current molecular studies as well as clinical data that investigate the impact of DAAs on occurrence and recurrence of HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Direct acting antivirals Hepatitis C

评估学生在高效能源管理中的作用：行为意图和感知政策指标的跨文化研究

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评估学生在高效能源管理中的作用：行为意图和感知政策指标的跨文...

作者： Abdul Rahman butt 中国科学技术大学

学位级别：硕士

Prompt industrial development and urban expansion have doubled the demand for energy in face of electric power system comprising of power production,distribution,and *** and devastating changes in climate and environment have affected individuals from all around the globe to indulge in efficient energy *** significance of this research lies in extending the theory of planned behavior with the fields of environment protection,sustainable development,and climatic *** research is a comparative analysis of efficient energy behavior and environmental knowledge among students in China and *** aim of this research is to evaluate the role of students through analyzing their behavioral intentions towards energy efficiency and recognizing the mediating effect of perceived policy indicators in the behavioral intention-action relationship.A total of 220 students each from China and Pakistan contributed to the study for understanding sustainable *** results implicated that the attitudes,subjective norms,and moral obligations contribute significantly in pro-environmental intentions of students with the exception of perceived behavioral *** investigation found a significant contribution of educational background towards building attitudes,perceived behavioral control,and moral obligations whereas subjective norms were not influenced by the educational background of ***,the mediating power of perceived policy indicators was justified within the pro-environmental behavioral intentions-actions *** results of Chinese and Pakistani students were found to be similar with fractional differences and the most prominent obstacle to efficient energy behavior was determined as a lack of environmental *** research provides strategic policy suggestions in face of formulating encouraging engagement in deliberative discussions,interaction with scientists,and formulation of community projects

关键词：有效能源管理行为意向感知政策指标环境保护行为

Identification and genomic analysis of a novel member of Microviridae, IME-16, through high-throughput sequencing

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Virologica Sinica 2015年第4期30卷 301-304页

作者： Peng Shu Azeem Mehmood butt Zhiqiang Mi Wei Wang Xiaoping An Guangqian Pei Zhiyi Zhang Yong Huang Xianglilan Zhang Taoxing Shi Yigang Tong Anhui Medical University State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Department of Biosciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT)

Dear Editor,Bacteriophages predominate in the biosphere and outnumber their hosts by at least one order of magnitude(Srinivasiah et al.,2008).They have been used for over90 years as an alternative to antibiotics in Eastern Europe(Deresinski,2009).With the increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance,the therapeutic potential of bacteriophages is being reevaluated(Kutter et al.,2010).Until recently,phages possessing ds DNA genomes have

关键词： sequencing throughput genomic antibiotics magnitud

Smart Piezo-Resistive Sensing and Experience Based Control for Soft Robot Grasping

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Smart Piezo-Resistive Sensing and Experience Based Control f...

作者： Jawad Mehmood butt 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

软机器人由于具有极高自由度,在形状适应和复杂运动等任务方面具有极大应用潜力。这些自由度为软机器人在开环控制中执行相应任务提供了足够的空间,与刚性机器人相比更适合在复杂非结构环境中作业。这些人工软机器人主要是从人类身上获... 详细信息

软机器人由于具有极高自由度,在形状适应和复杂运动等任务方面具有极大应用潜力。这些自由度为软机器人在开环控制中执行相应任务提供了足够的空间,与刚性机器人相比更适合在复杂非结构环境中作业。这些人工软机器人主要是从人类身上获得灵感,但相对而言,并没有表现出智能嵌入式传感和决策这两个最重要的生物灵感支柱,因此,本文的工作使软机器人朝着决策和智能传感迈出了一步。触觉感知和位置反馈使机器人能够更好地理解现实世界中的相互作用。在其中,最重要的一点是,感知要求主体和客体以定性的方式处理。针对这一问题,在论文的第一部分,我们研究了二维软机器人,即作为感知主体的软体夹持器和作为感知对象的可变刚度,不同重量和几何形状的目标夹持物。与能够提供触觉和位置反馈的人手相比,软机器人操作手难以被赋予相似的智能性,这种滞后限制了软件抓手在开环控制域中应用。在本文中,我们提出了适用于闭环控制应用一种柔软的操作手设计方案与控制方法。我们设计的索驱动软夹持器能够提供触觉和位置反馈,并满足触觉和位置感知的标准及其在闭环控制任务中的应用。本文提出的传感器在材料,设计和制造方面相较于现有工作具有一定的创新。在以往的工作中,用于软体操作手上的压力传感器与柔性材料的顺应性不兼容,因此或多或少的限制了执行器的运动,降低软体操作手的灵活性。因此我们设计了一种在软体内部创建压力传感器的方法。该传感器完全用柔性材料制作而成,并且实现了软触觉感知的概念。另一方面,位置传感器同样使用柔性材料制造,相比于同类型位置传感器,我们的设计满足了微型化的要求;除此外,相较于一般的位置传感器设计仅适用于软机器人的离散运动,本文提出的传感器同样适用于软机器人连续移动信号的采集。为了证明传感器性能,我们进行传感器特性测试和抓取实验,证实了该传感器在抓取任务期间可提供重复且高精度测量结果。文章的第二部分侧重于开发基于经验的最佳控制策略。该策略基于决策的概念。由于软体操作手的抓握行为是随机的而不是确定性的(这是因为软体操作手额外的柔顺性以及目标物体几何形状,变形因子和重量参数的不确定性造成的),这使得非结构化环境中的随机抓握任务产生了概率效应。针对这个问题,我们提出了一种创新性的基于Q学习经验策略,即将抓取任务分割为多个事件,然后通过最小化成本函数进行运动策略的优化。软体操作手行为模型和抓取模型是通过概率事件而建模的,是抓取策略的主要组成部分。建模中所使用的数据由配有位置反馈的软体操作手提供。该策略的输出是在控制任务中软机器人学习到的成功抓取到可变形目标物体的权重。除此之外,数据集通过增加不同重量和刚度的目标对象来避免欠拟合并使得该策略变得高效。在该部分的最后,我们通过对所提方法的定性分析以证明其优越性。

关键词：软式机器人抓手软压力传感器柔性位置传感器基于织物的位置传感器机器人学中的Q-学习本体感觉机器人抓取基于行为的控制概率控制数据驱动机器人强化学习

基于分子内[3+2]环加成反应构筑新型环庚酮骨架的研究

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基于分子内[3+2]环加成反应构筑新型环庚酮骨架的研究

作者： Hafiza Marium butt 大连理工大学

学位级别：硕士

化学物质的开发,特别是中环类化合物的发展一直受到医药、农药领域的青睐。其中,七元全碳环结构由于广泛存在于天然产物、药物和生物活性化合物中具有潜在应用价值。到目前为止,人们已经发展了许多策略用于构筑中环类骨架。然而,由于熵... 详细信息

化学物质的开发,特别是中环类化合物的发展一直受到医药、农药领域的青睐。其中,七元全碳环结构由于广泛存在于天然产物、药物和生物活性化合物中具有潜在应用价值。到目前为止,人们已经发展了许多策略用于构筑中环类骨架。然而,由于熵和空间效应,这些策略在很大程度上受到了限制。在不对称催化领域,通过不同的环加成策略是构筑七元环的主要方法,但经由[3+2]环加成的研究较少。由于七元环类化合物结构的新颖性以及潜在的生物活性,因此研究这些结构的新合成方法具有重要意义。氨基丙二酸二乙酯盐酸盐和原位生成的1,3偶极子通过分子内[3+2]环加成反应可以高效地构建环庚酮类化合物。此类反应条件温和、原子经济性高符合绿色有机合成的要求。基于此,本论文以氨基丙二酸二乙酯盐酸盐和原位生成的1,3偶极子为底物,通过分子内[3+2]环加成反应构建环庚酮骨架。通过对反应条件的筛选诸如催化剂、溶剂、碱和分子筛,确定了最优条件:二氯甲烷为溶剂(0.1 mol/L),催化剂为DMAP用量为10mol%,NaCO作为碱,加入3(?)分子筛,空气氛围下室温反应9小时,以96%的产率和大于20:1的dr值得到产物环加成产物。这一策略为构建具有三个立体中心的七元碳环和吡咯提供了一种新的合成思路。

关键词：环庚酮 [3+2]环加成反应立体选择性手性碳

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工时定额动态参数建模及可视化研究

系统仿真学报 2008年第S1期20卷 330-333页

作者：陆远 Shahid Ikramullah butt 南昌大学机电学院南昌中国330031 制造工程学院国立科技大学

工时定额数据获取的快速基于动态参数的工时定额计算方法。对影响工时定额计算结果的诸多参数进行分析,根据参数的性和准确性影响着制造成本和作业计划。传统计算方法效率低、准确性差,为解决这一问题提出了信息表达方式进行分类,建立... 详细信息

工时定额数据获取的快速基于动态参数的工时定额计算方法。对影响工时定额计算结果的诸多参数进行分析,根据参数的性和准确性影响着制造成本和作业计划。传统计算方法效率低、准确性差,为解决这一问题提出了信息表达方式进行分类,建立动态参数计算模型。利用VRML技术构造可视化加工特征模型,将动态参数映射到加工特征模型上,实现工时定额计算参数的图形化拾取。该技术已应用于企业生产过程中,取得良好的效果。

关键词：工时定额动态参数 VRML

Hepatitis C virus genotype 3a infection and hepatocellular carcinoma: Pakistan experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第40期15卷 5080-5085页

作者： Muhammad Idrees Shazia Rafi que Irshad-ur Rehman Haji Akbar Muhammad Zubair Yousaf Sadia butt Zunaira Awan Sobia Manzoor Madiha Akram Mahwish Aftab Bushra Khubaib Sheikh Riazuddin Division of Molecular Virology & Molecular Diagnostics National Centre of Excellence in Molecular BiologyUniversity of the Punjab Lahore National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the Punjab Lahore

AIM: To assess the association between chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Pakistan, and the genotype distribution among these HCC ***: One hundred and sixty-one subjects with HCC were included in this study. Liver biopsy was performed on 145 of the patients; sixteen were excluded because they failed to fulfill the inclusion criteria. Qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for hepatitis B virus and HCV. Samples positive for HCV RNA were genotyped using genotype-specif ic PCR and conf irmed by HCV 5' noncoding region sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Chronic HCV infection was identified a major risk factor (63.44% of tested HCC patients) forthe development of HCC. The time from HCV infection to appearance of cancer was 10-50 years. In the HCC patient population, broader distributions of genotypes were present with genotype 3a as the predominant genotype. Using the type-specific genotyping method, we found HCV genotype 3a in 40.96%, 3b in 15.66%, 1a in 9.63%, and 1b in 2.40% of HCC tissue samples. About 28% of cases were found with mixed genotypes. Two cases were unable to be genotyped because of low viral load. Sixty-six percent of treated patients with cirrhosis had an end of treatment response, but unfortunately they relapsed quickly when the treatment was discontin-ued, and HCC developed during a median 3.8 years. CONCLUSION: There was a strong association between chronic HCV infection and HCC in Pakistan, and between HCV genotype 3a and HCC.

关键词：丙型肝炎病毒巴基斯坦肝细胞癌基因型感染

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牙周病非手术治疗的临床病例报告

牙周病非手术治疗的临床病例报告

作者： Farhan butt（法罕）大连医科大学

学位级别：硕士

目的:在世界范围内,牙周病的发病率很高。牙周病被认为是最常见的口腔疾病。而牙周病的序列治疗,对于有效治疗牙周病是非常有效的。牙周基础治疗的最根本目的是减少潜在的炎性进展因素的同时,减少由于大量的致病细菌的存在而导致牙周病... 详细信息

目的:在世界范围内,牙周病的发病率很高。牙周病被认为是最常见的口腔疾病。而牙周病的序列治疗,对于有效治疗牙周病是非常有效的。牙周基础治疗的最根本目的是减少潜在的炎性进展因素的同时,减少由于大量的致病细菌的存在而导致牙周病的复发。牙周基础治疗后,组织的良好预后,对于日后的手术治疗的效果具有良好的预见性。在本文中,对牙周基础治疗的方法进行了论述,对进行了牙周基础治疗的病例进行了讨论。方法和材料:需进行牙周基础治疗病例6例,病史、牙周探诊深度及实验所需的其他内容及材料。结果:在治疗后4周,治疗部位疗效良好,没有出现炎症表现。牙周袋探诊深度明显减小。牙龈的颜色、形态、质地恢复健康。结论:牙周基础治疗包括:日常有效的菌斑控制,彻底的清除菌斑和牙石。在大量的病例中,只需进行牙周基础治疗即可使牙龈组织恢复健康,同时,牙周基础治疗也是牙周手术治疗的准备工作。

关键词：牙周炎刮治术清创术非手术治疗