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Stool therapy may become a preferred treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第29期19卷 4635-4637页

作者： Dinesh Vyas Heidi E L'Esperance arpita Vyas Department of Surgery College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48912 United States Department of Pediatrics College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48912 United States

Fecal enemas were first reported to successfully treat life threatening enterocolitis in 1958, but fecal therapy to treat Clostridium difficile (C. difficile ) infection has remained esoteric and not well investigated until recently. In the past few years, systematic reviews of case series and case reports of fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent C. difficile infection have become available and validate use of fecal transplant for C. difficile enterocolitis. Methods of fecal transplant reported in the literature include: nasogastric tube, gastroscope, duodenal tube, colonoscopy, rectal tube, and fecal enemas administered at home; no method has been shown to be superior. A recent randomized study published in New England Journal of Medicine found fecal transplant to be superior to oral vancomycin alone in treatment of recurrent C. difficile enterocolitis. The significance of this trial cannot be underestimated as it lends credibility to the idea of intentionally using microbes to combat disease, providing an alternative to the older paradigm of disease eradication through use of antimicrobials.

关键词： Clostridium difficile Enterocolitis Pseudomembranous Fecal transplantation Vancomycin

Insight to the Mode of Action of Allium sativumLeaf Agglutinin (ASAL) Expressing in T3Rice Lines on Brown Planthopper

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第2期4卷 400-407页

作者： arpita Bala Amit Roy Niranjana Behura Daniel Hess Sampa Das Division of Plant Biology Bose Institute Kolkata India The Protein Analysis Facility Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research Basel The Switzerland

Brown planthopper, the sap sucking hemipteran pest, is one of the major contributors to the yield loss of rice through the world. To combat the situation researchers are interested identifying genes from plant origin having potentiality to develop hemipteran pest resistance. Interestingly, it was observed that rice plants expressing ASAL, a monocot mannose binding lectin, showed significant resistance to brown planthopper and green leafhopper. Additionally, antibiotic resistant marker gene free ASAL expressing rice lines were developed to overcome the biosafety issues. However, the basis behind the resistance against planthoppers is still not clearly understood. Ligand blot assay was performed with total BBMV protein from BPH and a ~56 kDa receptor protein was detected. LC MS/MS analysis revealed that the receptor protein is NADH quinone oxidoreductase (NQO), a key player in electron transport chain, insect defense response and male/female gametogenesis. Presumably interaction of ASAL with NQO may lead to toxicity and loss of fecundity among BPH feeding on ASAL expressing transgenic rice plants. These findings provide a stable scientific basis for considering these transgenic ASAL expressing rice plants as significant product for combating BPH attack associated yield loss of rice.

关键词： Allium sativum leaf agglutinin (ASAL) Hemipteran Pest Management Brown Planthopper NADH Qui-none Oxidoreductase (NQO) Fecundity Transgenic Rice Brush Boarder Membrane Vesicle (BBMV) Protein

Nuclear factor kappa B role in inflammation associated gastrointestinal malignancies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第11期21卷 3174-3183页

作者： Sahil Gambhir Dinesh Vyas Michael Hollis Apporva Aekka arpita Vyas Department of Surgery College of Human MedicineMichigan State University Department of Pediatrics College of Human Medicine - Michigan State University

Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) has an established role in the regulation of innate immunity and ***-κB is also involved in critical mechanisms connecting inflammation and cancer *** investigations suggest that the NF-κB signaling cascade may be the central mediator of gastrointestinal malignancies including esophageal,gastric and colorectal *** review will explore NF-κB's function in inflammation-associated gastrointestinal malignancies,highlighting its oncogenic contribution to each step of ***-κB's role in the inflammation-to-carcinoma sequence in gastrointestinal malignancies warrants stronger emphasis upon targeting this pathway in achieving greater therapeutic efficacy.

关键词： Gastrointestinal cancer Inflammation Nuclear facto

Investigation of lnter and Intra-fractional Uncertainties in Lung IMRT Delivery

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Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering(English Edition) 2017年第1期26卷 1-4页

作者： Maria Das KJ arpita Agarwal Yoganathan SA Gowtharu Raj D Shaleen Kumar Department of Radiotherapy Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowIndia

Changes in the tumour position due to inter and intra-fractional motion introduce uncertainty in IMRT delivery. In this work, we experimentally evaluated the effect of inter and intra-fractional motion uncertainties in the IMRT delivery. A lung patient was planned with rive field dynamic IMRT for a total dose of60 Gy in 30 fractions using 6 MV photon beam at a dose rate of 400 MU/min. The plan was delivered on varian CL2100 CD linear accelerator with millennium 120 MLC for a single fraction and measured using IMRT Matri XX placed on Quasar motion platform, aligned with respect to isocentre for planar as well as point dose measurements. This measurement was summated for 30 fractions and taken as a reference. 30 measurements were performed for each inter-fractional, intra-fractional and combined effect. The setup errors(Mean+SD) used to simulate the inter-fractional displacements were RL:-0.10+0.27 mm, SI: 0.17+0.45 mm, AP:-0.04+0.38 mm and Rot: 0.02+0.86 degree. The intra-fractional motion was simulated using the motion platform parallel to the MLC leaf motion, for an amplitude of 1 cm and a period of 4 s. The planner fluence of inter, intra-fractional motion and combination of both was analyzed against the reference using gamma criteria of 3%/3 mm. Similarly, the point dose measurements were also compared. The maximum deviation in point dose during a single fraction was-3.8%, 3.1% and-5.9% for inter-fractional, intra-fractional and combined respectively. The same resulted in deviation of-0.4%,-0.3% and 0.1% respectively when summated for 30 *** percentage of pixels failing the gamma criteria during a single fraction was28.0%, 16.4% and 28.5% for inter-fractional, intra-fractional and combined respectively. The same revealed 11.4%, 12.4% and 19.2% respectively when summated. Though the point dose deviations were nullified over 30 fractions, the planner fluence variation was observed to be considerable.

关键词： MRT inter-fraction intra-fraction uncertainties

An Approach to the Identification and Characterisation of a Psychrotrophic Lipase Producing Pseudomonassp ADT3 from Arctic Region

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第4期5卷 322-332页

作者： arpita Dey Amarnath Chattopadhyay Pradipta Saha Subhrakanti Mukhopadhyay Tushar Kanti Maiti Sabyasachi Chatterjee Pranab Roy Department of Biotechnology The University of Burdwan Burdwan India Department of Botany The University of Burdwan Burdwan India Department of Microbiology The University of Burd-wan Burdwan India

The aim of this research work was to explore psychrotrophic microbes from soil sample of NyAlesund, Svalbard, arctic region and to investigate their potential use as an effective tool for industrial application. A novel psychrotrophic bacterial strain showed good growth on minimal medium containing lipid as the only carbon source. Microbiological characterisation of the isolate showed that it was a gram negative rod. The strain was tested for the production of extracellular lipase enzyme. The enzymes were partially purified by 90% saturated ammonium sulfate and dialysis for desalting. The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas sp ADT3 by 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing which had been deposited in the NCBI GenBank with accession number JX914667. Phylogenetic tree was also constructed with MEGA5 software and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with Pseudomonas sp. HC3-13 strain. The microorganism had a growth optimum at pH 8.0 and temperature 22°C. Optimization of different parameters e.g. temperature, pH, incubation time, cofactors etc. was performed for the extracellular lipase activity. The hydrolytic activity of the enzyme was enhanced 5 times by Pb2+ but strongly inhibited by heavy metals Hg2+ as well as EDTA and β-mercaptoethanol. For the molecular weight estimation of enzyme SDS-PAGE was done which showed an inducible band of approximately 13.9 KDa. Activity staining and mass spectrometry techniques were also performed.

关键词： Psychrotrophic Arctic Extracellular Lipase 16S rRNA Mass Spectrometry

Micro RNAs potential utility in colon cancer: Early detection, prognosis, and chemosensitivity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第27期21卷 8284-8292页

作者： Michael Hollis Kavitha Nair arpita Vyas Lakshmi Shankar Chaturvedi Sahil Gambhir Dinesh Vyas Department of Surgery College of Human Medicine Michigan State University Department of Medicine Emory University Pediatrics College of Human Medicine Michigan State University

Over the past decade, research has shown that aberrant expression of micro RNA(mi RNA) is involved in colorectal cancer development and progression. Micro RNAs are small sequences of non-coding RNA that regulate expression of genes involved in important cellular functions, such as cell differentiation, multiplication, and apoptosis. A specific mi RNA may display the effects of a tumor suppressor or oncogene. Altered mi RNA expression is found in colorectal cancer(CRC) and patterns of mi RNA expression correlate with CRC detection and outcome. Studies also have examined the use of circulating serum mi RNA and fecal mi RNA expression as non-invasive markers for early detection. Here, we review recent evidence demonstrating the potential role of mi RNA in CRC and the implications of its use in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Microrna Expression Serum microRNA Fecal microRNA Diagnostic Prognostic Therapeutic

Applying Novel Techniques from Physical and Biological Sciences to Life Detection

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Space(Science & Technology) 2023年第1期3卷 325-338页

作者： Tony Z.Jia Chaitanya Giri Andrea Aldaba Ilknur Bahcivan Nipun Chandrasiri Ilankuzhali Elavarasan Kashish Gupta Sakshi P.Khandare Christos Liaconis arpita Saha Orlando J.Solórzano Paola Ines Tiranti Aivaras Vilutis Graham E.Lau Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1-IE-1 OokayamaMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan Blue Marble Space Institute of Science 6001st AveFloor 1SeattleWA 98104USA Research and Information System for Developing Countries(RIS) Core IV-BFourth FloorIndia Habitat CentreLodhi RoadNew Delhi 110003India Department of Physical and Natural Sciences School of Liberal EducationFLAME UniversityLavalePune 412115MaharashtraIndia School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology Yachay Tech University100119 UrcuquíEcuador

One of the primary goals of the space exploration community is to unambiguously detect past or present life outside of *** such,a number of so-called life detection technologies,instruments,and approaches have been applied as part of past,current,and future space *** astrobiology is a truly interdisciplinary field within the realm of space exploration with major contributions from physical and biological sciences(among others),recently there has been development of a number of relevant techniques from scientific fields that have yet to be fully applied to extraterrestrial life *** a culmination of the 2021 Blue Marble Space Institute of Science(BMSIS)Young Scientist Program(YSP),we present a number of techniques drawn from various fields(including,but not limited to,chemistry,materials science,biology,nanotechnology,medical science,astrophysics,and more)that either have been or have the potential to be applied to life detection *** techniques broadly fall under three categories:instrumentation for in situ measurements of biosignatures within the solar system,calculations or observational techniques for remote measurements of exoplanet biosignatures,and *** hope that this primer serves to inspire the field to consider applying more potential technologies from adjacent fields into any of these three categories of life detection.

关键词： signature applying outside

Plexiform Neurofibroma of Nasal Tip

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2015年第6期4卷 423-428页

作者： Rajanala Venkata Nataraj Mohan Jagade Kartik Parelkar Reshma Hanawte arpita Singhal Dev Rengaraja Kiran Kulsange Kartik Rao Pallavi Gupta Department of Ear Nose & Throat and Head & Neck Surgery Grant Government Medical College Mumbai India

Neurogenic tumor is the name given to any tumor that arises from the nerve tissue or its coverings. Neurogenic tumors of Sino-nasal cavity are a very rare entity. The most common types are Schwannomas and Neurofibromas and the plexiform subtype is one form of these neuroendocrine tumors. We report the case series of two such cases of a plexiform neurofibroma of the nasal tip, which were excised via an open rhinoplasty approach.

关键词： Plexiform Neurofibroma Schwannoma Nasal Tip External Nasal Deformity Open Rhinoplasty

An Unusual Maxillary Sinus Foreign Body and Its Endoscopic Assisted Removal

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2015年第1期4卷 38-43页

作者： R. V. Nataraj Mohan Jagade Reshma Chavan Rajesh Kar Madhavi Pandare Kartik Parelkar arpita Singhal Kiran Kulsange Department of Ear Nose & Throat and Head & Neck Surgery Grant Government Medical College Mumbai India

Foreign bodies in maxillary sinuses are uncommon. But the incidence is on a rise. Herewith we present a case of foreign bodies (glass pieces) in left maxillary sinus and bilateral nasolacrimal ducts, which is managed ... 详细信息

关键词： Maxillary Sinus Foreign Body Endoscopic Approach