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A tribo-chemical view on astringency of plant-based food substances

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Friction 2024年第7期12卷 1392-1407页

作者： Samuel S.GAMANIEL Paloma S.DUEÑAS RObLES hans TROMP Els h.A.de hOOG Sissi de bEER Emile van der hEIDE Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede 7522 LWthe Netherlands NIZO Food Research b.V. Ede6710 BAthe Netherlands Department of Molecules and Materials MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology University of TwenteEnschede 7500 AEthe Netherlands

Consumption of plant-based food products having high composition of polyphenols leads to the sensation of *** sliding oral surfaces,friction is an essential property during the oral perception of roughness and dryness which are attributes associated with *** factors including the chemical composition of interacting layers,structure and operation of interfaces have an effect on the astringency development *** manner of interactions occurring at oral interfaces suggest there is a system dependence of astringency and highlights the importance of adopting a tribosystems *** measurement techniques have shown an existing relationship between salivary protein-polyphenol interaction and an astringent ***,the tribo-chemistry involved in this multifaceted sensation remains largely unexplored in a comprehensive *** this review the underlying tribo-chemical processes useful in understanding the mechanism of astringency are highlighted and discussed considering current techniques employed to investigate astringency *** of lubrication on oral surfaces owing to the tribo-chemical interactions involving saliva and astringent plant proteins requires subsequent deformations of oral tissues which are significant enough to induce strains at mechanoreceptor locations,leading to the sensation of *** is proposed that micro-scale contact modelling on the interaction of food particles/aggregates,boundary layers and oral surfaces shows potential in addressing the knowledge gap between tribo-chemical measurement techniques and panel tests,making it possible to attain a predictor for astringency.

关键词： oral lubrication astringency tribo-chemistry tribology

Mechanisms of high Coercivity in Ni/NiO Composite Films by Post Annealing

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材料科学与工程学报 2007年第6期25卷 858-860页

作者： J.b. Yi J. Ding Mansoor bin Abdul Jalil b.h. Liu S. Thongmee J.h. Yin Z.L. Zhao Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 119260 Singapore Department of Electrical ＆ Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 119260 Singapore

A coercivity as large as 2.4 kOe has been achieved in the Ni/NiO composite film after an annealing under a magnetic field of 10 kOe and an O_2 partial pressure of 0.001 *** coercivity was attributed to the strong exchange coupling of Ni and *** grain size of Ni and NiO was observed after the *** enhanced coercivity is probably associated with the domain wall pinning by local energy minima,the distribution of Ni and NiO,and the domain structure in the interface of Ni/NiO generated under the presence of the magnetic field during the post-annealing.

关键词：矫顽性镍氧化镍复合薄膜焊后退火交换耦合

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汽车噪声控制

Neutrophils in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)are MhC class II^(+)and secret IL-12p40 upon bacterial exposure

1991年

作者： В.Н.·鲁卡宁(В.Н. Луканин)

来源：南通市图书馆图书汇雅图书（南通市图书馆... 评论

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第2期9卷 144-153页

作者： Gyri Teien haugland Anita Rønneseth Lene Gundersen harald SæbøLunde Kaja Nordland heidrun Inger Wergeland Department of biological Sciences Bergen High-Technology CentreUniversity of BergenBergen5020Norway

Antigen-presentation via major histocompatibility complex(MhC)to T cells is the key event to initiate adaptive immune *** teleosts,as in mammals,the main types of professional antigen-presenting cells(APCs)are dendritic cells(DCs),monocytes/macrophages,and b *** the current study,flow cytometry,immunostaining and qPCR have been used to show that neutrophils in the teleost fish Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)have antigen-presenting *** neutrophils were positive for MhC class II,CD83 and CD80/86,and upon in vitro bacterial exposure,gene expression analysis of purified neutrophils showed that IL-12p40,which is essential for proliferation of naïve T cells,was highly upregulated at both 6 and 24 h post bacterial *** on presence of MhC class II and upregulation of molecules involved in antigen presentation and T cell activation,we suggest that neutrophils in Atlantic salmon have potential to function as professional *** work makes an important basis for further exploring the potential of using neutrophils to develop new,targeted immunoprophylactic measures.

关键词： Granulocytes Antigen presenting cells Major histocompatibility complex T cell activation b cells CD83 CD80/86 MhC classⅡ

Trial characteristics and treatment effect estimates in randomized controlled trials of Chinese herbal medicine: A meta-epidemiological study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期22卷 223-234页

作者： betty h.Wang Ya-li Lin Yin-yan Gao Jin-lu Song Lang Qin Ling-qi Li Wen-qi Liu Claire C.W.Zhong Mary Y.Jiang Chen Mao Xiao-bo Yang Vincent C.h.Chung Irene X.Y.Wu Jockey Club School of Public health and Primary Care the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Xiangya School of Public health Central South UniversityChangsha 410006Hunan ProvinceChina School of Chinese Medicine the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Public health Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Chinese Medicine Syndrome Research Team the Second Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Guangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Central South UniversityChangsha 410006Hunan ProvinceChina

background:Previously published meta-epidemiological studies focused on Western medicine have identified some trial characteristics that impact the treatment effect of randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Nevertheless,it remains unclear if similar associations exist in RCTs on Chinese herbal medicine(ChM).Further,Chinese medicine-related characteristics have not been explored ***:To investigate trial characteristics related to treatment effect estimates on ChM *** strategy:This meta-epidemiological study searched 5 databases for systematic reviews on ChM treatment published between January 2011 and July *** criteria:An eligible systematic review should only include RCTs of ChM and conduct at least one *** extraction and analysis:Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction on general characteristics of systematic reviews,meta-analyses and included *** also assessed the risk of bias of RCTs using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.A two-step approach was used for data *** ratio of odds ratios(ROR) and difference in standardized mean differences (dSMD) with 95%confidence interval (CI) were applied to present the difference in effect estimates for binary and continuous outcomes,***:Ninety-one systematic reviews,comprising 1338 RCTs were *** binary outcomes,RCTs incorporated with syndrome differentiation (ROR:1.23;95%CI:[1.07,1.39]),adopting Chinese medicine formula (ROR:1.19;95%CI:[1.03,1.34]),with low risk of bias on incomplete outcome data (ROR:1.29;95%CI:[1.06,1.52]) and selective outcome reporting (ROR:1.12;95%CI:[1.01,1.24]),as well as a trial size≥100 (ROR:1.23;95%CI:[1.04,1.42]) preferred to show larger effect *** for continuous outcomes,RCTs with Chinese medicine diagnostic criteria (dSMD:0.23;95%CI:[0.06,0.41]),judged as high/unclear risk of bias on allocation concealment (dSMD:-0.70;95%CI:[-0.99,-0.42]),with low risk of bias on incomplete outcome data (dSMD:0.30

关键词： Chinese herbal medicine Randomized controlled trial Risk of bias Meta-epidemiological study Effect estimates

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美国的图书馆

世界社会科学 1991年第12期 62-65页

作者： b.h.奥尔洛夫 ,文华

美国的图书馆文化相当发达。一些大型的科学图书馆享有世界荣誉。广大读者群众接受公共图书馆的启蒙已成为传统。美国在独立以前就建立了私人图书馆。其中第一个私人图书馆是由清教徒约翰·哈佛于1638年创建的,现在的哈佛大学图书馆就... 详细信息

美国的图书馆文化相当发达。一些大型的科学图书馆享有世界荣誉。广大读者群众接受公共图书馆的启蒙已成为传统。美国在独立以前就建立了私人图书馆。其中第一个私人图书馆是由清教徒约翰·哈佛于1638年创建的,现在的哈佛大学图书馆就是以他的名字命名的。18世纪初又建立了耶鲁大学图书馆。

关键词：图书馆国会纽约建筑物图书馆协会馆藏书美利坚合众国北美洲美国

Relevance of plasma lipoproteins and small metabolites in assessment of nutritional status among patients with severe injuries

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第4期4卷 496-507页

作者： Esmee A.h.Verheul Suzan Dijkink Pieta Krijnen Aswin Verhoeven Martin Giera Roula Tsonaka Jochem M.hoogendoorn Sesmu M.Arbous Ron Peters Inger b.Schipper Department of Trauma Surgery Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Acute Care Network West Netherlands LeidenThe Netherlands Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of General Surgery Haaglanden Medical CenterThe HagueThe Netherlands Department of Intensive Care Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Intensive Care Haaglanden Medical CenterThe HagueThe Netherlands

background:This study aimed to identify plasma lipoproteins and small metabolites associated with high risk of malnutrition during intensive care unit(ICU)stay in patients with severe ***:This observational prospective exploratory study was conducted at two level-1 trauma centers in the *** patients(aged≥18 years)who were admitted to the ICU for more than 48 h between July 2018 and April 2022 owing to severe injuries(polytrauma,as defined by Injury Severity Scores of≥16)caused by blunt trauma were eligible for *** least squares discriminant analysis was used to analyze the relationship of 112 lipoprotein-related components and 23 small metabolites with the risk of malnutrition(mod-ified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill score).Malnutrition was diagnosed based on Subjective Global Assessment *** relationship of lipoprotein properties and small metabolite concentrations with malnutrition(during ICU admission)was evaluated using mixed effects logistic ***:Overall,51 patients were ***(very)low-density lipoprotein([V]LDL)(free)cholesterol and phospholipid levels,low particle number,and higher levels of LDL triglycerides were associated with a higher risk of malnutrition(variable importance in projection[VIP]value>1.5).Low levels of most(V)LDL and intermediate-density lipoprotein subfractions and high levels of high-density lipoprotein Apo-A1 were associated with the diagnosis of malnutrition(VIP value>1.5).Increased levels of dimethyl sulfone,trimethylamine N-oxide,creatinine,N,N-dimethylglycine,and pyruvic acid and decreased levels of creatine,methionine,and acetoacetic acid were also indicative of malnutrition(VIP value>1.5).Overall,14 lipoproteins and 1 small metabolite were significantly associated with a high risk of malnutrition during ICU admission(Phowever,the association did not persist after correcting the false discovery rate(P=0.35 for all).Conclusion:Increased triglyceride in sev

关键词： Trauma Severely injured Metabolites Lipoproteins Malnutrition Nutritional status

Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan McClory Richard h.Ellis Martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob MacKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

Extinction of Light in the Galactic halo: First Observational Evidence of the Interaction of Light and Dark Matter

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第8期15卷 1144-1198页

作者： Charles h. McGruder III Department of Physics and Astronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green USA

We study the distribution of quasars on the celestial sphere according to ground-based SDSS and space-based WISE and Gaia observations. All distributions as a function of galactic latitude, b, exhibit a decrease in quasar frequency well outside the dust in and near the galactic plane. We prove that the observed decrease in quasar frequency at high galactic latitudes is not accompanied by reddening, meaning that it can not be caused by dust. The scattering of light by the circumgalactic gas is negligible because the Thomson scattering cross section is very small. We conclude the observed scattering of light must be caused by dark matter in the galactic halo. We determine the mass and charge of dark matter particles. If the dark matter particle is a fermion its mass, mDMand charge eDM=δe, where e is the elementary charge are: mDM=3.2×10−2eV and δ=3.856×10−5. If however the dark matter particle is spinless then: mDM=0.511eV and δ=2.132×10−4. These values for the charge of a dark matter particle are orders of magnitude higher than the upper limit of the neutrino charge according to laboratory experiments. Consequently, dark matter particles are not charged neutrinos. Since dark matter particles are charged, they must emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation. however, PDM~δ2, or: PDM~1.487×10−9Pe, where Peis the power output of a single electron.

关键词： Milky Way Dark Matter halo (1049)