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Hepatitis C and renal transplantation in era of new antiviral agents

World Journal of Transplantation 2018年第4期8卷 84-96页

作者： Maurizio Salvadori aris Tsalouchos Department of Transplantation Renal Unit Careggi University Hospital Nephrology and Dialysis Unit Saints Cosmas and Damian Hospital

Data from World Health Organization estimates that the hepatitis C virus(HCV) prevalence is 3% and approxi-mately 71 million persons are infected worldwide. HCV infection is particularly frequent among patients affected by renal diseases and among those in dialysis treatment. In addition to produce a higher rate of any cause of death, HCV in renal patients and in renal transplanted patients produce a deterioration of liver disease and is a recognized cause of transplant glomerulopathy, new onset diabetes mellitus and lymphoproliferative disorders. Treatment of HCV infection with interferon alpha and/or ribavirin had a poor efficacy. The treatment was toxic, expensive and with limited efficacy. In the post-transplant period was also cause of severe humoral rejection. In this review we have highlighted the new direct antiviral agents that have revolutionized the treatment of HCV both in the general population and in the renal patients. Patients on dialysis or with low glomerular filtration rate were particularly resistant to the old therapies, while the direct antiviral agents allowed achieving a sustained viral response in 90%- 100% of patients with a short period of treatment. This fact to date allows HCV patients to enter the waiting list for transplantation easier than before. These new agents may be also used in renal transplant patients HCV -positive without relevant clinical risks and achieving a sustained viral response in almost all patients. New drug appears in the pipeline with increased profile of efficacy and safety. These drugs are now the object of several phases Ⅱ, Ⅲ clinical trials.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Renal transplantation Hepatitis C virus and renal diseases Interferon based therapies Direct antiviral agents Hepatitis C viruspositive donors

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Spatial and Temporal Variability of Farm Size in China in Context of Rapid Urbanization

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Chinese Geographical Science 2013年第5期23卷 607-619页

作者： TAN Minghong Guy M robinson LI Xiubin XIN Liangjie Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Rural Health&Community Development University of South Australia

During the last 30 years, China has witnessed rapid economic growth and dramatic urbanization, with about 1.2 x 107 rural people migrating annually into urban areas. Meanwhile, especially since 1995, the rural population has been declining, which is closely linked to land circulation and the increase in farm size in many villages. Increasing scale of farming operations is often regarded as a key to avoiding the abandonment of farmland and to increasing the income of rural farmers. However, until now, there has been little research on the spatial and temporal variability of farm size at the national level in China. Using data from the national agricultural cen- sus and rural household surveys, this study examines the characteristics of land use circulation and the consequent changes in the area of farmland per household. The results show that： 1） 12.2% of rural households were involved in land circulation at the national level. The highest amounts of land circulation have occurred in those provinces where the farmland per capita is more than 0.2 ha or less than 0.1 ha; 2） over 80% of households operate less than 0.6 ha of farmland; 3） the proportion of mid-sized farms （between 0.2 ha and 0.6 ha per household） has decreased while the smallest and the largest farms have increased. This bears some similarity with the phenomenon known as the ＇disappearing middle＇, referring to the changes in farm size. This study establishes a framework for interpreting the factors affecting the changes in farm size in China, which include two promoting factors （urbanization and agriculture） and four hindering fac- tors （agricultual land system, household registration, stable clan system, and farmland loss）.

关键词： farm size land circulation urbanization China

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Atrazine biodegradation efficiency, metabolite detection, and trzD gene expression by enrichment bacterial cultures from agricultural soil

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2013年第12期14卷 1162-1172页

作者： robinson David Jebakumar SOLOMON Amit KUMAR Velayudhan SATHEEJA SANTHI Department of Molecular Microbiology School of Biotechnology Madurai Kamaraj University

Atrazine is a selective herbicide used in agricultural fields to control the emergence of broadleaf and grassy weeds. The persistence of this herbicide is influenced by the metabolic action of habituated native microorganisms. This study provides information on the occurrence of atrazine mineralizing bacterial strains with faster metabolizing ability. The enrichment cultures were tested for the biodegradation of atrazine by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and mass spectrometry. Nine cultures ***01 to ***01 were identified as the degrader of atrazine in the enrichment culture. The three isolates ***01, ***01, and ***01 were identified as efficient atrazine metabolizers. Isolates ***01 and ***01 produced hydroxyatrazine(HA) N-isopropylammelide and cyanuric acid by dealkylation reaction. The isolate ***01 generated deethylatrazine(DEA), deisopropylatrazine(DIA), and cyanuric acid by N-dealkylation in the upper degradation pathway and later it incorporated cyanuric acid in their biomass by the lower degradation pathway. The optimum pH for degrading atrazine by ***01 was 7.0 and 16S rDNA phylogenetic typing identified it as Enterobacter cloacae strain ***01. The highest atrazine mineralization was observed in case of isolate ***01, where an ample amount of trzD mRNA was quantified at 72 h of incubation with atrazine. Atrazine bioremediating isolate E. cloacae strain ***01 could be the better environmental remediator of agricultural soils and the crop fields contaminated with atrazine could be the source of the efficient biodegrading microbial strains for the environmental cleanup process.

关键词： Atrazine Biodegradation Enterobacter cloacae Deethylatrazine Cyanuric acid trzD gene

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Degradation and mineralization of 2-chloro-, 3-chloro- and 4-chlorobiphenyl by a newly characterized natural bacterial strain isolated from an electrical transformer fluid-contaminated soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第10期20卷 1250-1257页

作者： Matthew O.Ilori Gary K.robinson Sunday A.Adebusoye Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Lagos Akoka Yaba Lagos Nigeria Department of Biosciences University of Kent Canterbury Kent CT2 7NJ United Kingdom

A bacterium classified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain IR08 by phenotypic typing coupled with 16S rRNA gene analysis was isolated from a soil contaminated with electrical transformer ?uid for over sixty years using Aroclor 1221 as an enrichment substrate. The substrate utilization profiles revealed that IR08 could grow on all three monochlorobiphenyls (CBs), 2,4’- and 4,4’-dichlorobiphenyl as well as 2-chlorobenzoate (2-CBA), 3-CBA, 4-CBA, and 2,3-dichlorobenzoate. Unusually, growth was poorly sustaine...

关键词： aerobic degradation chlorobenzoates mineralization monochlorobiphenyls natural strain polychlorinated biphenyls

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Immunoglobulin G4-related kidney diseases: An updated review

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World Journal of Nephrology 2018年第1期7卷 29-40页

作者： Maurizio Salvadori aris Tsalouchos Renal Unit Department of Transplantation Careggi University Hospital Division of Nephrology Nephrology and Dialysis Unit Saints Cosmas and Damian Hospital

This review will encompass definition, pathogenesis, renal clinical manifestations and treatment of immunoglobulin G4-related diseases( IgG4-RDs). IgG4-RD is a recently recognized clinical entity that often involves multiple organs and is characterized by high levels of serum immunoglobulins G4, dense infiltration of IgG4+ cells and storiform fibrosis. Cellular immunity, particularly T-cell mediated immunity, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RDs. The most frequent renal manifestations of IgG4-RD are IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis, membranous glomerulopathy and obstructive nephropathy secondary to urinary tract obstruction due to IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis. IgG4-RD diagnosis should be based on specific histopathological findings, confirmed by tissue immunostaining, typical radiological findings and an appropriate clinical context. The first line treatment is the steroids with two warnings: Steroid resistance and relapse after discontinuation. In the case of steroid resistance, B cell depleting agents as rituximab represent the secondline treatment. In the case of relapse after discontinuation, steroid treatment may be associated with steroid sparing agents. Since the disease has been only recently identified, more prospective, long-term studies are needed to an improved understanding and a more correct and safe treatment.

关键词： Immunoglobulin G4-related disease Storiform fibrosis Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration Tubulointerstitial nephritis Steroid treatment B cell depleting agents

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Dur’ngoi Ophiolite in East Kunlun, Northeast Tibetan Plateau: Evidence for Paleo-Tethyan Suture in Northwest China

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第2期20卷 303-331页

作者：杨经绥史仁灯吴才来王希斌 Paul T robinson Key Laboratory for Continental Dynamics of the Ministry of Land and Resources Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences Department of Earth Sciences Dalhousie University

The A＇nyemaqen （阿尼玛卿） ophiolite belt along the southern margin of the East Kunlun （昆仑） Mountains marks the suture formed by the closure of paleo-Tethys. The Dur＇ngoi ophiolite in the eastern part of this belt consists of meta-peridotite, mafic-ultramafic cumulates, sheeted dikes and basaltic lavas. The meta-peridotites consist of dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, feldspar-bearing lherzolite and garnet-bearing lherzolite and contain residual spinel with Cr# [100×Cr/（Cr＋Al）] ranging from 30 to 57 and Mg# [100×Mg/（Mg＋Fe2＋）] ranging from 50 to 75, indicating an Al- and Mg-rich series. The meta-peridotites have a relatively narrow range of composition with Mg# of 89.2-92.6, Al2O3 contents of （1-4） wt.% and slightly depleted chondrite normalized REE patterns, indicating that they represent relict mantle material that has undergone intermediate to low degrees of partial melting. Garnets in the lherzolite are andradite, enriched in Ca and Fe and depleted in Mg and AI （And=95-97, Pyr=0.3-5, Gro=0-3）, indicating a metamorphic origin. The cumulate rocks mainly consist of dunite, wehrlite, pyroxenite and gabbro. A well-layered gabbro-pyroxenite complex is defined by modal variations in plagioclase and pyroxene. Blocks of garnet-pyroxenite or rodingite are locally present in the meta-peridotites. Garnets in the cumulate rocks are grossular （Gro=69-90, And=9-19, Br=l-12）, also metamorphic origin. The diabase dikes are moderately depleted in LREE [（La/Sm）N=0.5-0.8] and HREE resulting in slightly convex chondrite-normalized patterns with slightly positive Eu anomalies （δEu=1.1-1.3）. The basaltic lavas have REE patterns similar to those of MORB with （La/Sm）N ratios of 0.5-1 and small negative Eu anomalies. They appear to have been derived from a depleted mantle source and to have undergone little or no differentiation during crystallization. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from the basalts yields 286pb/238U ages of 276-319 Ma （average 308.0±4.9 Ma）. The Dur＇ngoi ophiolite is interprete

关键词： ophiolite Dur'ngoi A'nyemaqen East Kunlun Tibet.

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Inflammatory processes in the liver: divergent roles in homeostasis and pathology

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第6期18卷 1375-1386页

作者： Ola Ahmed Mark W.robinson Cliona O’Farrelly School of Medicine Trinity College DublinDublinIreland Department of Biology Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health ResearchMaynooth UniversityMaynoothIreland School of Biochemistry&Immunology Trinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland

The hepatic immune system is designed to tolerate diverse harmless foreign moieties to maintain homeostasis in the healthy *** priming and regulation ensure that appropriate immune activation occurs when challenged by pathogens and tissue *** to accurately discriminate,regulate,or effectively resolve inflammation offsets this balance,jeopardizing overall tissue health resulting from an either overly tolerant or an overactive inflammatory *** scientific and clinical evidence links dysregulated hepatic immune and inflammatory responses upon sterile injury to several pathological conditions in the liver,particularly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and ischemia-reperfusion *** and human studies have described interactions between diverse immune repertoires and nonhematopoietic cell populations in both physiological and pathological activities in the liver,although the molecular mechanisms driving these associations are not clearly ***,we review the dynamic roles of inflammatory mediators in responses to sterile injury in the context of homeostasis and disease,the clinical implications of dysregulated hepatic immune activity and therapeutic developments to regulate liver-specific immunity.

关键词： homeostasis immunology inflammation liver

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TYMS/KRAS/BRAF molecular profiling predicts survival following adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第7期11卷 551-566页

作者： Anastasios Ntavatzikos aris Spathis Paul Patapis Nikolaos Machairas Georgia Vourli George Peros Iordanis Papadopoulos Ioannis Panayiotides Anna Koumarianou Hematology-Oncology Unit 4th Department of Internal Medicine Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens“ATTIKON” University Hospital Athens 12462 Greece Department of Cytopathology National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School“ATTIKON” University Hospital Athens 12462 Greece 3rd Department of Surgery Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens“ATTIKON” University Hospital Athens 12462 Greece Department of Hygiene Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens 11527 Greece Department of Surgery Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Evgenideio Therapeutirio S.A.“I AGIA TRIAS” Athens 11528 Greece 2nd Department of Pathology University of Athens Medical School“ATTIKON” University Hospital Athens 12462 Greece

BACKGROUND Patients with stage II-III colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, gain a 25% survival benefit. In the context of personalized medicine, there is a need to identify patients with CRC who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Molecular profiling could guide treatment decisions in these patients. Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) gene polymorphisms, KRAS and BRAF could be included in the molecular profile under consideration. AIM To investigate the association of TYMS gene polymorphisms, KRAS and BRAF mutations with survival of CRC patients treated with *** A retrospective study studied formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPEs) of consecutive patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy during January/2005-January/2007. FFPEs were analysed with PCR for the detection of TYMS polymorphisms, mutated KRAS (mKRAS) and BRAF (mBRAF). Patients were classified into three groups (high, medium and low risk) according to 5’UTR TYMS polymorphisms Similarly, based on 3’UTR polymorphism ins/loss of heterozygosity (LOH) patients were allocated into two groups (high and low risk of relapse, respectively). Cox regression models examined the associated 5- year survival outcomes. RESULTS One hundred and thirty patients with early stage CRC (stage I-II: 55 patients;stage III 75 patients;colon: 70 patients;rectal: 60 patients) were treated with surgery and chemotherapy. The 5-year disease free survival and overall survival rate was 61.6% and 73.9% respectively. 5’UTR polymorphisms of intermediate TYMS polymorphisms (2RG/3RG, 2RG/LOH, 3RC/LOH) were associated with lower risk for relapse [hazard ratio (HR) 0.320, P = 0.02 and HR 0.343, P = 0.013 respectively] and death (HR 0.368, P = 0.031 and HR 0.394, P = 0.029 respectively). The 3’UTR polymorphism ins/LOH was independently associated with increased risk for disease recurrence (P = 0.001) and death (P = 0.005). mBRAF (3.8% of patients) was associated with increased risk of death (HR 4.500,

关键词： Colorectal neoplasms Thymidylate synthase Untranslated regions Fluorouracil KRAS BRAF Prognosis

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Pharmacogenetics of immunosuppressant drugs:A new aspect for individualized therapy

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World Journal of Transplantation 2020年第5期10卷 90-103页

作者： Maurizio Salvadori aris Tsalouchos Department of Renal Transplantation Careggi University HospitalFlorence 50139Italy Nephrology and Dialysis Unit Saints Cosmas and Damian HospitalPescia 51017Italy

In recent years,pharmacogenetics has emerged as an important tool for choosing the right immunosuppressant drug and its appropriate ***,pharmacogenetics may exert its action on immunosuppressant drugs at three *** identifies and studies the genes involved in encoding the proteins involved in drug pharmacokinetics and in encoding the enzymes involved in drug *** is also relevant in encoding the enzymes and proteins involved in codifying the transmembrane proteins involved in transmembrane passage favoring the absorption and intracellular action of several *** concern the variability of genes encoding the proteins involved as immunosuppressant triggers in the pharmacodynamic *** course,not all genes have been discovered and studied,but some of them have been clearly examined and their relevance together with other factors such as age and race has been *** genes on the basis of relevant studies have been proposed as good candidates for future ***,to date,clear conclusions may be drawn only for those drugs that are metabolized by CYP3A5 and its genotyping before kidney,heart and lung transplantation is *** conclusions of the studies on the recommended candidate genes,together with the development of omics techniques could in the future allow us to choose the right dose of the right immunosuppressant for the right patient.

关键词： Immunosuppressant pharmacokinetics Immunosuppressant pharmacodynamics Immunosuppressant pharmacogenetics Immunosuppressant pharmacogenomics Transplantation Immunosuppressant drugs

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Effect of diets on the feeding behavior and physiological properties of suspension-feeding sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第3期38卷 883-893页

作者： YU Zonghe robinson Shawn MACDONALD Bruce LANDER Terralynn SMITH Craig College of Marine Sciences South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Fisheries and Oceans Canada St.Andrews Biological StationSt.AndrewsNB E5B 2L9Canada Biology Department and Centre for Coastal Studies and Aquaculture University of New BrunswickSaint JohnNB E2L 4L5Canada

The suspension-feeding sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa has become commercially important in recent *** proper diets is the first important step for intensive aquaculture of this sea *** this study,adult *** were exposed to one of the following diet treatments:control(no diet provided),two powdered seaweeds(Ascophyllum nodosum and Saccharina latissima),a commercially available microalgal diet(shellfish diet)and natural *** effects of diets on the feeding behavior and physiological properties of sea cucumbers were investigated after a 5-week rearing *** show that sea cucumbers fed with shellfish diet exhibited a significantly higher tentacle insertion rate(1.80±0.20 insertion/min)than these fed with seaweed powders,and there was no significant different between the two groups fed by seaweed *** significant difference was found on the fecal production rate among the feeding *** minimum oxygen consumption rate was observed in the control group(5.76±0.99μg O2/(g·h)),which is significantly lower than individuals fed with ***,shellfish diet,and natural seston;however,no significant difference was shown between those of control and *** *** maximum ammonium excretion rate was found in the *** group(0.03±0.01μmol/(g·h)),which is significantly higher than other *** minimum O/N ratio was observed in the *** group(14.57±1.04),which is significantly lower than the ***,shellfish diet,and natural seston *** fed with seaweed powders had similar physiological properties with these fed with microalgae diet and natural seston,indicating that *** and *** can be explored as promising diets for intensive aquaculture of ***.

关键词： sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa physiological property feeding behavior nutritional condition

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