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Upgrading process of palm empty fruit bunches as alternative solid fuel: a review

Clean Energy 2023年第6期7卷 1173-1188页

作者： Toto Hardianto ari akbariyanto wenas Firman Bagja Juangsa Energy Conversion Research Group Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringInstitut Teknologi BandungWest JavaIndonesia Research Center for New and Renewable Energy Institut Teknologi BandungWest JavaIndonesia Mechanical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringInstitut Teknologi BandungWest JavaIndonesia

A total of 37.5 million tons of palm empty fruit bunches(EFBs)produced in Indonesia in 2018 have the potential to be used as an alternative eco-friendly solid ***,a pretreatment process is necessary to increase the heating value and reduce the po-tassium content of *** methods can be employed to improve the characteristics of EFBs as a solid fuel,such as drying and torrefaction to increase the heating value and the leaching process for reducing the potassium content of *** main concept of increasing the heating value is to increase the fuel content,which is *** drying,the carbon ratio can be increased by reducing the moisture content and,through torrefaction,the carbon ratio could be increased due to the decomposition of ligno-cellulose.A simple way to reduce the potassium content of EFBs is the leaching *** types of leaching treatment have been studied before:soaking and stirring *** study reviews those methods to make EFBs more suitable as a solid fuel with a high heating value and less potassium *** the carbon content in EFBs is crucial for enhancing their heating value as a *** and torrefaction decrease the moisture content and modify the chemical structure,resulting in higher carbon *** leaching process effectively reduces the potassium content of EFBs and stirring treatment is more effective than immersion *** positively affects leaching by decreasing the potassium content,while hydrophobicity may hinder leaching by re-pelling *** high moisture content of leached EFBs requires additional energy for evaporation during torrefaction,resulting in a lower energy density yield compared with raw *** may also be required to account for the decreased mineral content,which functions as a torrefaction catalyst in EFBs that have not been leached.

关键词： biomass EFB solid fuel torrefaction upgrading

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