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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2012年第1期29卷 177-192页

作者： HAN Bo LÜShihua ao yinhuan Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.320Donggang West RoadLanzhou 730000

In this study, the development of a convective boundary layer （CBL） in the Badaujilin region was investigated by comparing the observation data of two cases. A deep neutral layer capped a CBL that occurred on 30 August 2009. This case was divided into five sublayers from the surface to higher atmospheric elevations： surface layer, mixed layer, inversion layer, neutral layer, and sub-inversion layer. The development process of the CBL was divided into three stages： S1, S2, and S3. This case was quite different from the development of the three-layer CBL observed on 31 August 2009 because the mixed layer of the five-layer CBL （CBL5） eroded the neutral layer during S2. The specific initial structure of the CBL5 was correlated to the synoptic background of atmosphere during nighttime. The three-stage development process of the CBL5 was confirmed by six simulations using National Center for Atmospheric Research （USA） large-eddy simulation （NCAR-LES）, and some of its characteristics are presented in detail.

关键词： convective boundary layer neutral layer large-scale circulation large-eddy simulation

Analysis on the Interaction between Turbulence and Secondary Circulation of the Surface Layer at Jinta Oasis in Summer

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第3期27卷 605-620页

作者：韩博吕世华奥银焕 Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

The kinetic energy variations of mean flow and turbulence at three levels in the surface layer were calculated by using eddy covariance data from observations at Jinta oasis in 2005 summer. It is found that when the mean horizontal flow was stronger, the turbulent kinetic energy was increased at all levels, as well as the downward mean wind at the middle level. Since the mean vertical flow on the top and bottom were both negligible at that time, there was a secondary circulation with convergence in the upper half and divergence in the lower half of the column. After consideration of energy conversion, it was found that the interaction between turbulence and the secondary circulation caused the intensification of each other. The interaction reflected positive feedback between turbulence and the vertical shear of the mean flow. Turbulent sensible and latent heat flux anomaly were also analyzed. The results show that in both daytime and at night, when the surface layer turbulence was intensified as a result of strengthened mean flow, the sensible heat flux was decreased while the latent heat flux was increased. Both anomalous fluxes contributed to the cold island effect and the moisture island effect of the oasis.

关键词： heterogeneous atmospheric boundary layer turbulent kinetic energy equations energy con-version secondary circulation oasis effect

Numerical simulation of the climate effect of high-altitude lakes on the Tibetan Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2018年第5期10卷 379-391页

作者： yinhuan ao ShiHua Lyu ZhaoGuo Li LiJuan Wen Lin Zhao Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information Technology Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

Lakes regulate the water and heat exchange between the ground and the atmosphere on different temporal and spatial scales. However, studies of the lake effect in the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau(TP) rarely have been performed until recently, and little attention has been paid to modelling of frozen lakes. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF v. 3.6.1) is employed to conduct three numerical experiments in the Ngoring Lake Basin(the original experiment, an experiment with a tuned model, and a no-lake experiment) to investigate the influences of parameter optimization on the lake simulation and of the high-altitude lake on the regional climate. After the lake depth, the roughness lengths, and initial surface temperature are corrected in the model, the simulation of the air temperature is distinctly improved. In the experiment using a tuned model, the simulated sensible-heat flux(H) is clearly improved, especially during periods of ice melting(from late spring to early summer) and freezing(late fall). The improvement of latent-heat flux(LE) is mainly manifested by the sharp increase in the correlation coefficient between simulation and observation, whereas the improvement in the average value is small. The optimization of initial surface temperature shows the most prominent effect in the first year and distinctly weakens after a freezing period. After the lakes become grassland in the model, the daytime temperature clearly increases during the freezing and melting periods; but the nocturnal cooling appears in other stages, especially from September to October. The annual mean H increases by 6.4 times in the regions of the Ngoring Lake and the Gyaring Lake, and the LE declines by 56.2%. The sum of H and LE increases from 71.2 W/m2(with lake) to 84.6 W/m2(no lake). For the entire simulation region, the sum of H and LE also increases slightly. After the lakes are removed, the air temperature increases significantly from June to September over the

关键词： Lake-surface temperature roughness length turbulent flux Ngoring Lake Tibetan Plateau

Winter estimation of surface roughness length over eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2017年第2期9卷 151-157页

作者： LunYu Shang Yu Zhang ShiHua Lyu ShaoYing Wang yinhuan ao SiQiong Luo ShiQiang Chen Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China College of Atmospheric Science Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu Sichuan 610225 China

Based on the Monin-Obulchov similarity theory, a scheme was developed to calculate surface roughness length. Surface roughness length over the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the winter season was then estimated using the scheme and eddy covariance measurement data. Comparisons of estimated and measured wind speeds show that the scheme is feasible to calculate surface roughness length. The estimated roughness lengths at the measurement site during unfrozen, frozen and melted periods are 3.23x10(-3), 2.27x10(-3) and 1.92x10(-3) m, respectively. Surface roughness length demonstrates a deceasing trend with time during the winter season. Thereby, setting the roughness length to be a constant value in numerical models could lead to certain degree of simulation errors. The variation of surface roughness length may be caused by the change in land surface characteristic.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau surface roughness length Monin-Obuichov similarity theory least square fitting

Dataset of Comparative Observations for Land Surface Processes over the Semi-Arid Alpine Grassland against Alpine Lakes in the Source Region of the Yellow River

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第6期40卷 1142-1157页

作者： Xianhong MENG Shihua LYU Zhaoguo LI yinhuan ao Lijuan WEN Lunyu SHANG Shaoying WANG Mingshan DENG Shaobo ZHANG Lin ZHao Hao CHEN Di MA Suosuo LI Lele SHU Yingying AN Hanlin NIU Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Zoige Plateau Wetland Ecosystem Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Atmospheric SciencesChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Thousands of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) play a critical role in the regional water cycle, weather, and climate. In recent years, the areas of TP lakes underwent drastic changes and have become a research hotspot. However, the characteristics of the lake-atmosphere interaction over the high-altitude lakes are still unclear, which inhibits model development and the accurate simulation of lake climate effects. The source region of the Yellow River(SRYR) has the largest outflow lake and freshwater lake on the TP and is one of the most densely distributed lakes on the TP. Since 2011,three observation sites have been set up in the Ngoring Lake basin in the SRYR to monitor the lake-atmosphere interaction and the differences among water-heat exchanges over the land and lake surfaces. This study presents an eight-year(2012–19), half-hourly, observation-based dataset related to lake–atmosphere interactions composed of three sites. The three sites represent the lake surface, the lakeside, and the land. The observations contain the basic meteorological elements,surface radiation, eddy covariance system, soil temperature, and moisture(for land). Information related to the sites and instruments, the continuity and completeness of data, and the differences among the observational results at different sites are described in this study. These data have been used in the previous study to reveal a few energy and water exchange characteristics of TP lakes and to validate and improve the lake and land surface model. The dataset is available at National Cryosphere Desert Data Center and Science Data Bank.

关键词： field observation dataset lake-atmosphere interaction energy and water exchanges the source region of the Yellow River Tibetan Plateau

土壤温度变化在绿洲及沙漠近地层能量平衡中的作用分析

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太阳能学报 2010年第12期31卷 1628-1632页

作者：韩博吕世华奥银焕中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所兰州730000

利用2005年夏季在金塔绿洲附近获得的沙漠和绿洲中心点的湍流、辐射等观测资料,分析了这一时段内各观测点的主要能通量变化规律。结果表明,在沙漠点分析能量闭合时必须考虑土壤热储的作用。而在绿洲中心点,虽然从平均日变化上也可看到... 详细信息

利用2005年夏季在金塔绿洲附近获得的沙漠和绿洲中心点的湍流、辐射等观测资料,分析了这一时段内各观测点的主要能通量变化规律。结果表明,在沙漠点分析能量闭合时必须考虑土壤热储的作用。而在绿洲中心点,虽然从平均日变化上也可看到与浅层土壤热储较为一致的不平衡能量项,但二者在8:00～11:00间存在显著差异。分析指出此时的土壤增温可能是由于深层土壤中的水蒸气向上移动进入到浅层土壤并凝结放热造成的。

关键词：能量闭合土壤温度土壤湿度土壤热储

Response of Atmospheric Energy to Historical Climate Change in CMIP5

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2015年第1期29卷 93-105页

作者：韩博吕世华高艳红奥银换李瑞青 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences

Three forms of atmospheric energy, i.e., internal, potential, and latent, are analyzed based on the historical simulations of 32 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5（CMIP5） models and two reanalysis datasets（NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40）. The spatial pattern of climatological mean atmospheric energy is well reproduced by all CMIP5 models. The variation of globally averaged atmospheric energy is similar to that of surface air temperature（SAT） for most models. The atmospheric energy from both simulation and reanalysis decreases following the volcanic eruption in low-latitude zones. Generally, the climatological mean of simulated atmospheric energy from most models is close to that obtained from NCEP/NCAR, while the simulated atmospheric energy trend is close to that obtained from ERA-40. Under a certain variation of SAT, the simulated global latent energy has the largest increase ratio, and the increase ratio of potential energy is the smallest.

关键词： atmospheric energy CMIP5 historical climate change

A descriptor for the local dust storm occurrence probability constituted by meteorological factors

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2012年第2期4卷 140-153页

作者： WanYuan Li ShiHua Lu ZhiBao Dong ShiGong Wang ZhiBao Shen YuChun Chen Ye Yu yinhuan ao Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China

Based on daily data sets of 17 meteorological factors during the period of 1954-2005 for 60 gauge stations distributed over Gansu Province of China and the corresponding dust storm records, the dust storm probabilities related to different classes of each factor have been calculated and analyzed. On the basis of statistical analysis, a meteorological descriptor quantifying the daily dust storm occurrence probability for each station, which is referred to as the Dust Storm Occurrence Probability Index （DSOPI）, has been effectively established. According to the statistical characteristics of DSOPI for each station, a feasible judging criterion for a dust storm event has been determined, which can greatly contribute to forecasting dust storms and completing the unavailable historic dust storm records. Meanwhile, the average daily dust storm probability related to each factor on the dust storm day for each station has been specially analyzed in detail, finally disclosing that, in general, the more signifi- cant one factor＇s influence on dust storms, the greater its contribution to them; and each factor＇s contribution clearly varies from place to place. Moreover, on average, maximum and mean wind speeds, maximum-speed wind direction, daily sunny hours, evaporation, mean and lowest relative humidity, lowest surface air pressure and vapor pressure contribute to dust storm events in Gansu Province most greatly in order among all the 17 involved factors.

关键词： meteorological factor dust storm occurrence significance probability index contribution

黄河上游地区辐射收支及土壤热状况季节变化特征

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太阳能学报 2009年第2期30卷 156-162页

作者：李锁锁吕世华奥银焕尚伦宇中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所西部气候环境与灾害实验室兰州730000

利用"玛曲气候与环境综合观测研究站"2006年7月～2007年5月的观测资料,分析研究了黄河上游地区辐射及土壤热状况年变化特征。结果表明:该地区各辐射分量均存在显著的季节变化,4～9月份显著增加,10月份～来年3月份明显降低,年变化呈典型... 详细信息

利用"玛曲气候与环境综合观测研究站"2006年7月～2007年5月的观测资料,分析研究了黄河上游地区辐射及土壤热状况年变化特征。结果表明:该地区各辐射分量均存在显著的季节变化,4～9月份显著增加,10月份～来年3月份明显降低,年变化呈典型的单峰结构。地表反照率除冬季降雪期外,季节变化不是很明显,年平均地表反照率约为0.26;其日变化与太阳高度角关系密切。一年中,土壤温度梯度1月份最大,4月份最小。土壤温度梯度和净辐射相关系数为-0.61,通过了0.01的置信度检验。2.5～30cm浅层土壤热通量振荡明显,而30cm以下深层土壤热通量变化缓慢,10月份～次年5月份日平均土壤热通量从地表以下2.5～75cm土壤层几乎均为负值,说明更深层土壤释放热量,上层的土壤吸收热量;而其余月份则为正,土壤热量从浅层向深层传导。冬季由于土壤含冰量的影响,土壤导热率在1月份最大,而3、4月份相对较小;季节平均土壤导热率分别为:春季0.27、夏季0.38、秋季0.55、冬季0.83W·(m·K)^(-1)。

关键词：黄河上游辐射收支地表反照率土壤温度梯度土壤导热率

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夏季巴丹吉林沙漠辐射特征的模拟研究

太阳能学报 2014年第2期35卷 338-344页

作者：赵林吕世华陈玉春奥银焕马迪鲍艳中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所寒旱区陆面过程和气候变化重点实验室兰州730000 中国科学院大学北京100049

利用WRF（TheAdvancedResearchWeatherResearchandForecasting）模式3．3版本，检验其对巴丹吉林沙漠地区辐射特征的模拟能力，并通过模拟结果选取适于沙漠下垫面辐射特征模拟的最优参数化方案组合。通过连续9d（2009年8月11～19日）不... 详细信息

利用WRF（TheAdvancedResearchWeatherResearchandForecasting）模式3．3版本，检验其对巴丹吉林沙漠地区辐射特征的模拟能力，并通过模拟结果选取适于沙漠下垫面辐射特征模拟的最优参数化方案组合。通过连续9d（2009年8月11～19日）不同天气条件下的数值模拟，分别选取4种向下短波、4种向下长波辐射辐射方案及4种陆面过程方案，认为WRF模式能较好地模拟出该地区不同天气条件下（晴天、多云和阴雨）辐射日变化的特征，其中RRTMG向下短波和向下长波辐射方案较其他辐射方案略有优势，其模拟的向下短波辐射通量和向下长波辐射通量的总均方根误差最小，分别为103．9和25．9W／m^2；陆面过程方案中，RUC方案较有优势，模拟的向上长波和向上短波辐射通量的总均方根误差最小，分别为26．9和25．2W／m^2；阴雨天气条件下，辐射方案的调用间隔时间对辐射通量的模拟较敏感，调用间隔时间的缩短能明显改进辐射通量由晴转阴过程的模拟。

关键词：巴丹吉林沙漠 WRF模式数值模拟辐射方案陆面过程方案