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Autosegmentation of cardiac substructures in respiratory-gated,non-contrasted computed tomography images

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2021年第2期12卷 95-102页

作者： Mark Farrugia Han Yu anurag k singh Harish Malhotra Department of Radiation Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14203United States Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14203United States

BACkGROUND Radiation dose to specific cardiac substructures can have a significant on treatment related morbidity and mortality,yet definition of these structures is labor intensive and not *** software may potentially address these issues,however it is unclear whether this approach can be broadly applied across different treatment planning *** investigated the feasibility of autosegmentation of the cardiac substructures in four-dimensional(4D)computed tomography(CT),respiratory-gated,non-contrasted *** To determine whether autosegmentation can be successfully employed on 4DCT respiratory-gated,non-contrasted *** We included patients who underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy for inoperable,early-stage non-small cell lung cancer from 2007 to *** patients were simulated via 4DCT imaging with respiratory gating without intravenous *** structure quality was evaluated by degree of required manual edits and volume discrepancy between the autocontoured structures and its edited sister *** Initial 17-structure cardiac atlas was generated with 20 patients followed by three successive iterations of 10 patients using MIM *** great vessels and heart chambers were reliably autosegmented with most edits considered *** contrast,coronary arteries either failed to be autosegmented or the generated structures required major alterations necessitating deletion and manual ***,the generated mitral and tricuspid valves were poor whereas the aortic and pulmonary valves required at least minor and moderate changes *** the majority of subsites,the additional samples did not appear to substantially impact the quality of generated *** analysis between autosegmented and its manually edited sister structure yielded comparable findings to the physician-based assessment of structure *** The use of MIM software with 30-sample subj

关键词： Autosegmentation Autocontouring Lung cancer Radiation therapy Heart substructures Stereotactic body radiation therapy

Improved Dynamic Johnson Sequencing Algorithm(DJS)in Cloud Computing Environment for Efficient Resource Scheduling for Distributed Overloading

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2024年第4期33卷 391-424页

作者： anurag Sinha Pallab Banerjee Sharmistha Roy Nitasha Rathore Narendra Pratap singh Mueen Uddin Maha Abdelhaq Raed Alsaqour Department of Computer Science Engineering ICFAI Tech SchoolICFAI UniversityJharkhandRanchi834004India Department of Computer Science Engineering Amity UniversityJharkhandRanchi835303India Department of Computing and Information Technology Usha Martin UniversityRanchi835103India Department of Information Technology Bharti Vidyapeeth’s College of EngineeringPaschim ViharNew DelhiIndia Department of CSE Delhi UniversityNew DelhiIndia College of Computing and Information Technology University of Doha for Science and TechnologyDoha24449Qatar Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdurrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computing and InformaticsSaudi Electronic University93499RiyadhSaudi Arabia

This study introduces an innovative approach to optimize cloud computing job distribution using the Improved Dynamic Johnson Sequencing Algorithm(DJS).Emphasizing on-demand resource sharing,typical to Cloud Service Providers(CSPs),the research focuses on minimizing job completion delays through efficient task *** Johnson’s rule from operations research,the study addresses the challenge of resource availability post-task *** advocates for queuing models with multiple servers and finite capacity to improve job scheduling models,subsequently reducing wait times and queue *** Dynamic Johnson Sequencing Algorithm and the M/M/c/k queuing model are applied to optimize task sequences,showcasing their efficacy through comparative *** research evaluates the impact of makespan calculation on data file transfer times and assesses vital performance indicators,ultimately positioning the proposed technique as superior to existing approaches,offering a robust framework for enhanced task scheduling and resource allocation in cloud computing.

关键词： First come first served(FCFS)scheduling round robin task scheduling queuing model Johnson scheduling algorithm

Variation in the Flaring Potential of Different Sunspot Groups During Different Phases of Solar Cycles 23 and 24

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第2期24卷 144-153页

作者： Abha singh anurag Chaudhari Gyaneshwar Sharma A.k.singh Department of Physics T.D.P.G.College Jaunpur-222002India Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India

In this present study,we have analyzed different types of X-ray solar flares(C,M,and X classes)coming out from different classes of sunspot groups(SSGs).The data which we have taken under this study cover the duration of 24 yr from 1996 to *** this,we observed a total of 15015 flares(8417 in SC-23 and 6598 in SC-24)emitted from a total of 33780 active regions(21746 in SC-23 and 12034 in SC-24)with sunspot *** defined the flaring potential or flare-production potential as the ratio of the total number of flares produced from a particular type of SSG to the total number of the same-class SSGs observed on the solar *** we studied yearly changes in the flaring potential of different McIntosh class groups of sunspots in different phases of SC-23 and *** addition,we investigated yearly variations in the potential of producing flares by different SSGs(A,B,C,D,E,F,and H)during different phases(ascending,maximum,descending,and minimum)of SC-23 and *** are our findings:(1)D,E,and F SSGs have the potential of producing flares≥8 times greater than A,B,C and H SSGs;(2)The larger and more complex D,E,and F SSGs produced nearly 80%of flares in SC-23 and 24;(3)The A,B,C and H SSGs,which are smaller and simpler,produced only 20%of flares in SC-23 and 24;(4)The biggest and most complex SSGs of F-class have flaring potential 1.996 and 3.443 per SSG in SC-23 and 24,respectively.(5)The potential for producing flares in each SSG is higher in SC-24 than in SC-23,although SC-24 is a weaker cycle than SC-23.(6)The alterations in the number of flares(C+M+X)show different time profiles than the alterations in sunspot numbers during SC-23 and 24,with several peaks.(7)The SSGs of C,D,E,and H-class have the highest flaring potential in the descending phase of both SC-23 and 24.(8)F-class SSGs have the highest flaring potential in the descending phase of SC-23 but also in the maximum phase of SC-24.

关键词： (Sun:)sunspots-Sun flares-Sun activity-Sun magnetic fields-Sun filaments-prominences

Long-term outcomes of interventions for radiation-induced xerostomia:A review

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2019年第1期10卷 1-13页

作者： Sung Jun Ma Charlotte I Rivers Lucas M Serra anurag k singh University at Buffalo The State University of New York Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Department of Radiation Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a significant problem affecting quality of life in patients treated with radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Strategies for reduction of xerostomia burden vary widely, with options including: sialagogue medications, saliva substitutes, acupuncture, vitamins, hyperbaric oxygen,submandibular gland transfer, and acupuncture or associated treatments. In this review, we sought to evaluate long-term outcomes of patients treated with various interventions for radiation-induced xerostomia. A literature search was performed using the terms "xerostomia" and "radiation" or "radiotherapy"; all prospective clinical trials were evaluated, and only studies that reported 1 year follow up were included. The search results yielded 2193 studies, 1977 of which were in English. Of those, 304 were clinical trials or clinical studies. After abstract review, 23 trials were included in the review evaluating the following treatment modalities: pilocarpine(three); cevimeline(one); amifostine(eleven);submandibular gland transfer(five); acupuncture like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(ALTENS)(one); hyperbaric oxygen(one); and acupuncture(one). Pilocarpine, cevimeline, and amifostine have been shown in some studies to improve xerostomia outcomes, at the cost of toxicity. ALTENS has similar efficacy with fewer side effects. Submandibular gland transfer is effective but requires an elective surgery, and thus may not always be appropriate or *** use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy, in addition to dose deescalation in select patients, may result in fewer patients with late xerostomia,reducing the need for additional interventions.

关键词： Xerostomia Radiation therapy Radiotherapy Head and neck cancer Quality of life

A prospective trial of volumetric intensity-modulated arc therapy vs conventional intensity modulated radiation therapy in advanced head and neck cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012年第4期3卷 57-62页

作者： Simon D Fung-kee-Fung Rachel Hackett Lee Hales Graham Warren anurag k singh Department of Radiation Medicine Roswell Park Cancer Institute University at Buffalo School of Medicine Elm and Carlton Streets Buffalo NY 14214 United States

AIM: To prospectively compare volumetric intensitymodulated arc therapy(VMAT) and conventional intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) in coverage of planning target volumes and avoidance of multiple organs at risk(OARs) in patients undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy for advanced(stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ)squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. METHODS: Computed tomography scans of 20 patients with advanced tumors of the larynx, naso-, oroand hypopharynx were prospectively planned using IMRT(7 field) and VMAT using two arcs. Calculated doses to planning target volume(PTV) and OAR were compared between IMRT and VMAT plans. Dose-volume histograms(DVH) were utilized to obtain calculated doses to PTV and OAR, including parotids, cochlea,spinal cord, brainstem, anterior tongue, pituitary and brachial plexus. DVH's for all structures were compared between IMRT and VMAT plans. In addition the planswere compared for dose conformity and homogeneity. The final treatment plan was chosen by the treating radiation oncologist. RESULTS: VMAT was chosen as the ultimate plan in 18 of 20 patients(90%) because the plans were thought to be otherwise clinically equivalent. The IMRT plan was chosen in 2 of 20 patients because the VMAT plan produced concentric irradiation of the cord which was not overcome even with an avoidance structure. For all patients, VMAT plans had a lower number of average monitor units on average(MU = 542.85) than IMRT plans(MU = 1612.58)(P < 0.001). Using the conformity index(CI), defined as the 95% isodose volume divided by the PTV, the IMRT plan was more conformal with a lower conformity index(CI = 1.61) than the VMAT plan(CI = 2.00)(P = 0.003). Dose homogeneity, as measured by average standard deviation of dose distribution over the PTV, was not different with VMAT(1.45 Gy) or IMRT(1.73 Gy)(P = 0.069). There were no differences in sparing organs at ***: In this prospective study, VMAT plans were chosen over IMRT 90% of the time. Compared to IMRT, V

关键词： Volumetric intensity-modulated arc therapy Intensity-modulated radiation therapy Target coverage Organs at risk

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer:A review

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2019年第1期10卷 14-27页

作者： kavitha M Prezzano Sung Jun Ma Gregory M Hermann Charlotte I Rivers Jorge A Gomez-Suescun anurag k singh University at Buffalo the State University of New York Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Department of Radiation Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center

Stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) is the treatment of choice for medically inoperable patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). A literature search primarily based on PubMed electronic databases was completed in July 2018. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined prior to the search, and only prospective clinical trials were included. Nineteen trials from 2005 to 2018 met the inclusion criteria, reporting the outcomes of 1434 patients with central and peripheral early stage NSCLC. Patient eligibility,prescription dose and delivery, and follow up duration varied widely. Threeyears overall survival ranged from 43% to 95% with loco-regional control of up to 98% at 3 years. Up to 33% of patients failed distantly after SBRT at 3 years. SBRT was generally well tolerated with 10%-30% grade 3-4 toxicities and a few treatment-related deaths. No differences in outcomes were observed between conventionally fractionated radiation therapy and SBRT, central and peripheral lung tumors, or inoperable and operable patients. SBRT remains a reasonable treatment option for medically inoperable and select operable patients with early stage NSCLC. SBRT has shown excellent local and regional control with toxicity rates equivalent to surgery. Decreasing fractionation schedules have been consistently shown to be both safe and effective. Distant failure is common, and chemotherapy may be considered for select patients. However, the survival benefit of additional interventions, such as chemotherapy, for early stage NSCLC treated with SBRT remains unclear.

关键词： Lung cancer Non-small cell lung cancer Stereotactic body radiation therapy Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy Distant failure

Prevalence and outcome of sarcopenia in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2024年第1期15卷 44-54页

作者： Suprabhat Giri Prajna Anirvan Sumaswi Angadi Ankita singh anurag Lavekar Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kalinga Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar 751024OdishaIndia Department of Gastroenterology Kalinga Gastroenterology FoundationCuttack753001OdishaIndia Department of Gastroenterology Nizam’s Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 500082TelanganaIndia Department of Gastroenterology Seth GS Medical College and KEM HospitalMumbai 400012MaharashtraIndia Department of Gastroenterology Sagar HospitalBengaluru 560041KarnatakaIndia

BACkGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes a spectrum of conditions,progressing from mild steatosis to advanced ***,characterized by decreased muscle strength and mass,shares common pathophysiological traits with *** association exists between sarcopenia and increased NAFLD ***,data on the prevalence of sarcopenia in NAFLD and its impact on the outcomes of NAFLD remain *** To analyze the prevalence and outcomes of sarcopenia in patients with *** We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant studies in MEDLINE,Embase,and Scopus from their inception to June *** included studies that focused on patients with NAFLD,reported the prevalence of sarcopenia as the primary outcome,and examined secondary outcomes,such as liver fibrosis and other adverse *** also used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quality *** Of the 29 studies included,the prevalence of sarcopenia in NAFLD varied widely(1.6%to 63.0%),with 20 studies reporting a prevalence of more than 10.0%.Substantial heterogeneity was noted in the measurement modalities for *** was associated with a higher risk of advanced fibrosis(odd ratio:1.97,95%confidence interval:1.44-2.70).Increased odds were consistently observed in fibrosis assessment through biopsy,NAFLD fibrosis score/body mass index,aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio,diabetes(BARD)score,and transient elastography,whereas the fibrosis-4 score showed no such *** in NAFLD was associated with a higher risk of steatohepatitis,insulin resistance,cardiovascular risks,and *** This systematic review highlights the critical need for standardized diagnostic criteria and measurement methods for sarcopenia in NAFLD *** variability in study designs and assessment methods for sarcopenia and liver fibrosis may account for the inconsistent *** review demonstrates the multidimension

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Sarcopenia Hepatic fibrosis Low muscle mass Hand grip strength Bioelectric impedance analysis Dual X-ray absorptiometry

Impact of conditioning regimen on peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplant

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2019年第2期10卷 86-97页

作者： Michael Burns anurag k singh Carrie C Hoefer Yali Zhang Paul k Wallace George L Chen Alexis Platek Timothy B Winslow Austin J Iovoli Christopher Choi Maureen Ross Philip L McCarthy Theresa Hahn Department of Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Radiation Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Flow Cytometry Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Center for Immunotherapy Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center

AIM To investigate infused hematopoietic cell doses and their interaction with conditioning regimen intensity +/-total body irradiation(TBI) on outcomes after peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplant(PBHCT).METHODS Our retrospective cohort included 247 patients receiving a first, T-replete, human leukocyte antigen-matched allogeneic PBHCT and treated between 2001 and2012. Correlations were calculated using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Overall survival and progression free survival curves were generated using the kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank *** Neutrophil engraftment was significantly faster after reduced intensity TBI based conditioning [reduced intensity conditioning(RIC) + TBI] and > 4 × 10~6 CD34+cells/kg infused. A higher total nucleated cell dose led to a higher incidence of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease in the myeloablative + TBI regimen group(P = 0.03), but no significant difference in grade III-IV graft-versus-host disease. A higher total nucleated cell dose was also associated with increased incidence of moderate/severe chronic graft-versus-host disease, regardless ofconditioning regimen. Overall and progression-free survival were significantly better in patients with a RIC + TBI regimen and total nucleated cell dose > 8 ×10~8/kg(3 years, overall survival: 70% vs 38%, P = 0.02, 3 years, progression free survival: 64% vs 38%, P = 0.02).CONCLUSION TBI and conditioning intensity may alter the relationship between infused cell doses and outcomes after PBHCT. Immune cell subsets may predict improved survival after unmanipulated PBHCT.

关键词： Total body radiation Peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplant Total nucleated dose Neutrophil engraftment Graft-versus-host-disease

Effects of selenomethionine on acute toxicities from concurrent chemoradiation for inoperable stage Ⅲ nonsmall cell lung cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2015年第5期6卷 156-165页

作者： Michael Mix Nithya Ramnath Jorge Gomez Charles de Groot Saju Rajan Shiva Dibaj Wei Tan Youcef Rustum Michael B Jameson anurag k singh Department of Radiation Medicine Roswell Park Cancer Institute Department of Medical Oncology University of Michigan Department of Radiation Oncology Regional Cancer CentreWaikato Hospital Department of Biostatistics and Bioinfor- matics Roswell Park Cancer Institute Department of Cancer Biology Roswell Park Cancer Institute Department of Oncology Regional Cancer CentreWaikato Hospital

AIM: To prospectively determine the safety and tolerability of oral L-selenomethionine(SLM) with concurrent chemoradiation(CCRT) for Stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and estimate if the incidence and/or severity of adverse events could be reduced by its ***: Sixteen patients with stage Ⅲ NSCLC were accrued to this single arm, phase Ⅱ study. CCRT consisted of radiation given at 2 Gy per fraction for 30-33 fractions, 5 d per week with concurrent weekly Ⅳ paclitaxel 50 mg/m2 followed by carboplatin dosed at an area under the time-concentration curve of 2. SLM was dosed in a loading phase at 4800 μg twice daily for one week prior to CCRT followed by once daily dosing during treatment. RESULTS: No selenium-related toxicity was observed. Analysis revealed grade 3 or higher esophagitis in 3 of 16 patients(19%), pneumonitis in 0, leukopenia in 2(12.5%), and anemia in 1(6%); the latter two were significantly reduced when compared to the protocolstated expected rate of 35%(P = 0.045 for leukopenia, and P < 0.01 for anemia). Median overall survival was 14.9 mo and median failure-free survival was 9 mo(95%CI: 3.3-21.5).CONCLUSION: There may be some protective benefit of selenium in the setting of CCRT for inoperable NSCLC. The data suggests decreased rates of myelosuppression when compared to similarly-treated historical and contemporary controls. Further evaluation of selenium in this setting may be warranted.

关键词： Selenium Chemoprotective Radioprotector Toxicity Radiotherapy