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Autism Spectrum Disorder Prediction by an Explainable Deep Learning Approach

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 1459-1471页

作者： anupam Garg Anshu Parashar Dipto Barman Sahil Jain Divya Singhal Mehedi Masud Mohamed Abouhawwash Computer Science and Engineering Department Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaIndia School of Computer Science and Statistics Trinity College DublinDublinIreland University Institute of Biotechnology Chandigarh UniversityMohaliIndia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt Department of Computational Mathematics Scienceand Engineering(CMSE)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorderwhose symptoms become noticeable in early years of the age though it canbe present in any age group. ASD is a mental disorder which affects the communicational, social and non-verbal behaviors. It cannot be cured completelybut can be reduced if detected early. An early diagnosis is hampered by thevariation and severity of ASD symptoms as well as having symptoms commonly seen in other mental disorders as well. Nowadays, with the emergenceof deep learning approaches in various fields, medical experts can be assistedin early diagnosis of ASD. It is very difficult for a practitioner to identifyand concentrate on the major feature’s leading to the accurate prediction ofthe ASD and this arises the need for having an automated approach. Also,presence of different symptoms of ASD traits amongst toddlers directs tothe creation of a large feature dataset. In this study, we propose a hybridapproach comprising of both, deep learning and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to find the most contributing features for the early and preciseprediction of ASD. The proposed framework gives more accurate predictionalong with the recommendations of predicted results which will be a vital aidclinically for better and early prediction of ASD traits amongst toddlers.

关键词： Deep learning explainable artificial intelligence autism spectrum disorder machine learning

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The phytochemical, biological, and medicinal attributes of phytoecdysteroids: An updated review

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第7期11卷 1740-1766页

作者： Niranjan Das Siddhartha Kumar Mishra Anusha Bishayee Eunüs S.Ali anupam Bishayee Department of Chemistry Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar CollegeBelonia-799155TripuraIndia Cancer Biology Laboratory Department of ZoologySchool of Biological SciencesDr.Harisingh Gour Central UniversitySagar-470003Madhya PradeshIndia Pine View School OspreyFL 34229USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611USA Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine BradentonFL 34211USA

The phytoecdysteroids(PEs)comprise a large group of biologically-active plant steroids,which have structures similar to those of insect-molting *** are distributed in plants as secondary metabolites that offer protection against phytophagus(plant-eating)*** insects consume the plants containing these chemicals,they promptly molt and undergo metabolic destruction;the insects eventually ***,ecdysteroids are a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids that are structurally similar to *** carbon skeleton of ecdysteroids is termed as cyclopentanoperhydro-phenanthrene with aβ-side chain at *** essential characteristics of ecdysteroids are a cis-(5β-H)junction of rings A and B,a 7-en-6-one chromophore,and a trans(14α-OH)junction of rings C and *** only synthesize PEs from mevalonic acid in the mevalonate pathway of the plant cell using acetyl-CoA as a precursor;the most common PE is *** far,over 400 PEs have been identified and reported,and a compilation of 166 PEs originating from 1998 has been previously *** the present review,we have summarized 212 new PEs reported between 1999 and *** have also critically analyzed the biological,pharmacological,and medicinal properties of PEs to understand the full impact of these phytoconstituents in health and disease.

关键词： Phytoecdysteroids Secondary metabolites Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory Antimicrobial Antidiabetic Anticancer activity

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Apoptosis-inducing effects of extracts from desert plants in HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第2期5卷 87-92页

作者： Deepak Bhatia Animesh Mandal Eviatar Nevo anupam Bishayee Department of Pharmacogenomics Bernard J Dunn School of PharmacyShenandoah University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyNortheast Ohio Medical University Institute of Evolution and International Graduate Center of Evolution University of Haifa Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of PharmacyCalifornia Northstate University

Objective:To investigat the mechanism of antitumor efficacy of Origanum clayi(***) and Ochradenus baccatus(***) extracts by exploring apoptosis-inducing ***:The aqueous extracts of aerial parts of aforementioned plants were prepared and used for this ***2 cells were treated with varying concentrations(0,2 and 5 mg/mL)of each plant extract for 24 or 48 *** apoptosis was measured by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate binding assay and flow *** expression levels of various apoptosisrelated genes were determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain ***:*** and *** extracts exerted apoptotic effects on HepG2 cells for 48 h following *** extract was found to be a better apoptosis-inducing agent than *** extract as the former delivered greater efficacy at a lower *** extracts manifested upregulation of Bax,*** ***-3,***-9 and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) ***:The aqueous extracts of *** and *** are capable of inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells through modulation of mitochondrial pathway which explains their antitumor *** desert plants may serve as useful resources to develop effective remedies for hepatocellular carcinoma and other human malignancies.

关键词： Ochradenus baccatus Origanum dayi HepG2 cells,Apoptosis Gene expression

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Ghrelin and male reproduction

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2019年第5期8卷 227-232页

作者： Sulagna Dutta anupam Biswas Pallav Sengupta Uchenna Nwagha Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of DentistryMAHSA UniversityMalaysia Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesMAHSA UniversityMalaysia Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of NigeriaNigeria

Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone, conventionally known to be secreted by the stomach. The synthesis of ghrelin by the reproductive organs signifies its autocrine and/or paracrine actions upon the gonads. Expression of the functional ghrelin receptor is observed in different levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, suggesting its action on hypothalamic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and the pulsatile secretion of pituitary gonadotropins. It mainly acts to inhibit the secretion of the luteinizing hormone and thereby may also hinder proper testicular functions. This review article aims to provide a concise concept on (a) the characteristics, secretion and mode of actions of ghrelin, and (b) the role of ghrelin as a potential regulator of male reproductive functions. It may act upon the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis as well as directly regulate key testicular functions such as testosterone secretion, Leydig cell proliferation and expressions of prime functional proteins in the seminiferous tubule. These actions of ghrelin on testicular functions appear to be species-specific. Ghrelin and its versatile biological functions bring to a consensus that further research on ghrelin may establish one of the associations between body energy status with alterations in male reproductive functions.

关键词： Ghrelin Male infertility Testosterone Spermatogenesis

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Can palliative radiotherapy influence prostate-specific antigen response in patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer treated with systemic therapy(chemotherapy or abiraterone)?——a report of three cases

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2015年第1期12卷 60-63页

作者： Mohan Hingorani Sanjay dixit Pattu Pugazhenthi Simon Hawkyard Andrew Robertson Richard Khafagy Department of Clinical Oncology Castle Hill HospitalHull and East YorkshireNHS TrustCottinghamEast Riding of YorkshireHU16 5JQUK Department of Urology Scarborough District General Hospital

Palliative radiotherapy(pRT) is primarily employed for palliation of bone pain in patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC). However, evidence that p RT influences prostate-specific antigen response in patients with CRPC on systemic therapy is lacking. We describe three cases of CRPC progressing after treatment with docetaxel(n=2) and abiraterone(n=1), who responded unusually after p RT for bone pain with the development of a significant biochemical response and restoration of response to systemic therapy. The possibility of p RT influencing metastatic disease in CRPC has not been previously reported, and raises the possibility of radiation-induced modulation of anti-tumor immune response mechanisms that may play a role in the restoration of response to systemic treatment.

关键词： Prostate cancer palliative radiotherapy chemotherapy

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Particulate matter emissions and gaseous air toxic pollutants from commercial meat cooking operations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第3期30卷 162-170页

作者： Nicholas Gysel William A.Welch Chia-Li Chen Poornima dixit David R.Cocker Ⅲ Georgios Karavalakis Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaRiverside Center for Environmental Research and Technology University of CaliforniaRiverside

This study assessed the effectiveness of three novel control technologies for particulate matter（PM） and volatile organic compound（VOC） removal from commercial meat cooking operations. All experiments were conducted using standardized procedures at University of California, Riverside＇s commercial test cooking facility. PM mass emissions collected using South Coast Air Quality Management District（SCAQMD） Method 5.1, as well as a dilution tunnel-based PM method showed statistically significantly reductions for each control technology when compared to baseline testing（i.e., without a catalyst）. Overall, particle number emissions decreased with the use of control technologies, with the exception of control technology 2（CT2）, which is a grease removal technology based on boundary layer momentum transfer（BLMT） theory. Particle size distributions were unimodal with CT2 resulting in higher particle number populations at lower particle diameters. Organic carbon was the dominant PM component（ 99%） for all experiments. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant carbonyl compounds and showed reductions with the application of the control technologies. Some reductions in mono-aromatic VOCs were also observed with CT2 and the electrostatic precipitator（ESP） CT3 compared to the baseline testing.

关键词： Charbroiled meat cooking Particulate emissions Particle number Carbonyl compounds VOCs

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Impact of Nitrate Consumption: Case Study of Punjab, India

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第2期8卷 211-216页

作者： anupam Khajuria Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan

Punjab is one of the most fertile regions in India, where wheat, rice, sugar cane, fruits and vegetables are grown and it is called the “Granary of India” or “India’s bread-basket”. Rice and wheat are double cropped in Punjab with rice stalks being burned off over millions of acres prior to the planting of wheat. This widespread practice is polluting and wasteful. In Punjab the consumption of fertilizer per hectare is 223.46 kg as compared to 90 kg nationally. In recent years a drop in productivity has been observed mainly due to falling fertility of the soil, due to excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides over the years. In this article, we have discussed more details and excess load of fertilizer availability in agricultural purposes. The methodology of this article is to use the data of wheat yield and nitrate consumption. The correlation between nitrate consumption with wheat yield indicates the use of fertilizer in the case of state of Punjab of India.

关键词： Agriculture Fertilizers Nitrogen Yield Production Consumption

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Isolating type-specific phenologies through spectral unmixing of satellite time series

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第3期11卷 233-245页

作者： Jyoteshwar R.Nagol Joseph O.Sexton anupam Anand Ritvik Sahajpal Thomas C.Edwards Global Land Cover Facility Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA USGS Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Wildland ResourcesCollege of Natural ResourcesUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA

Vegetation phenology is commonly studied using time series of multispectral vegetation indices derived from satellite *** in reflectance among land-cover and/or plant functional types are obscured by sub-pixel mixing,and so phenological analyses have typically sought to maximize the compositional purity of input satellite data by increasing spatial *** present an alternative method to mitigate this‘mixed-pixel problem’and extract the phenological behavior of individual land-cover types inferentially,by inverting the linear mixture model traditionally used for sub-pixel land-cover *** using genetic algorithms,the method takes advantage of the discriminating capacity of calibrated surface reflectance measurements in red,near infrared,and short-wave infrared wavelengths,as well as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and the Normalized Difference Water *** simulation,the unmixing procedure reproduced the reflectances and phenological signals of grass,crop,and deciduous forests with high fidelity(RMSE<0.007 NDVI);and in empirical tests,the algorithm extracted the phenological characteristics of evergreen trees and seasonal grasses in a semi-arid *** approach shows potential for a wide range of ecological applications,including detection of differential responses to climate,soil,or other factors among vegetation types.

关键词： Spectral unmixing landsurface phenology NDVI genetic algorithms

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Impact of climatic factors on vegetation dynamics in the upper Yangtze River basin in China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第5期17卷 1235-1250页

作者： ZHANG Yu-xin WANG Yu-kuan FU Bin dixit Amod Mani CHAUDHARY Suresh WANG Shan Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal Kathmandu LalitpurP.0.Box 13667Nepal Chengdu Land Planning and Cadastre Center Chengdu 610074China

It is necessary to understand vegetation dynamics and their climatic controls for sustainable ecosystem *** study examines the vegetation dynamics and the effect of climate change on vegetation growth in the pristine conditions of 58 woodland National Nature Reserves(NNRs)located in the upper Yangtze River basin(UYRB)in China which are little influenced by human *** in the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),precipitation,and temperature in the selected NNRs were observed and analyzed for the period between 1999 and *** relationship between time-lag effect of climate and changes in the NDVI were assessed using Pearson *** results showed three major trends.1)The NDVI increased during the study period;this indicates an increase in the amount of green vegetation,especially due to the warmer climate during the growing *** NDVIs in March and September were significantly affected by the temperature of the previous *** temperatures increased significantly(P<0.05)and there was a delay between climatic factors and their effect on vegetation,which depended on the previous *** particular,the spring temperature had a delayed effect on the NDVI in summer.2)The way in which vegetation responds to climatic factors varied significantly across the *** had a greater effect on the NDVI in spring and summer and the effect was greater at higher altitudes.A similar trend was observed for precipitation,except for altitudes of 1000–2000 m.3)Temperature had a greater effect on the NDVI in spring and autumn at higher *** same trend was observed for precipitation in *** findings suggest that the vegetation found in NNRs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was in good condition between 1999 and 2015 and that the growth and development of vegetation in the region has not been adversely affected by climate *** demonstrates the effectiveness of nature reserves in protectin

关键词： National Nature Reserves Upper Yangtze River basin Normalized difference vegetation index Climate change Correlation analysis

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Controversies in the management of acute pancreatitis:An update

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第12期11卷 2582-2603页

作者： Manish Manrai Saurabh Dawra anupam K Singh Daya Krishna Jha Rakesh Kochhar Department of Internal Medicine Armed Forces Medical CollegePune 411040India Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology Command HospitalPune 411040India Department of Gastroenterology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Department of Gastroenterology Army Hospital(Research and Referral)New Delhi 11010India

This review summarized the current controversies in the management of acute pancreatitis(AP).The controversies in management range from issues involving fluid resuscitation,nutrition,the role of antibiotics and antifungals,which analgesic to use,role of anticoagulation and intervention for complications in *** interventions vary from percutaneous drainage,endoscopy or *** research and emerging data are helping to formulate better *** available evidence favors crystalloids,although the choice and type of fluid resuscitation is an area of dynamic *** nutrition aspect does not have controversy as of now as early enteral feeding is preferred most often than *** empirical use of antibiotics and antifungals are gray zones,and more data is needed for conclusive *** choice of analgesic is being studied,and the recommendations are still *** position of using anticoagulation is still awaiting *** role of intervention is well established,although the modality is constantly changing and favoring endoscopy or percutaneous drainage rather than *** is evident that more multicenter randomized controlled trials are required for establishing the standard of care in these crucial management issues of AP to improve the morbidity and mortality worldwide.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Fluid resuscitation Antibiotics Analgesia Anti coagulation Intervention

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