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Ending the Global HIV Epidemic Begins at the Individual National Level: An Update from the United states

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China CDC weekly 2020年第39期2卷 764-766页

作者： Robert W.Eisinger anthony s.Fauci United states National Institutes of Health ChicagoUSA.

The pathway to achieving an end to the HIV pandemic begins with innovative and sustainable initiatives that optimize for each individual nation the implementation of evidence-based tools in the HIV prevention and treatment *** article provides an update on the current global HIV epidemic and describes the current activities associated with the recently announced plan to end the HIV epidemic in the United states.

关键词： prevention epidemic HIV

Leading Approaches to Vascularize Kidney Constructs in Tissue Engineering

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Engineering 2022年第12期19卷 117-127页

作者： Diana s.Lim John D.Jackson anthony Atala James J.Yoo Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest University School of MedicineMedical Center BoulevardNC 27157USA

There is an unprecedented need for new treatments for renal failure,as the incidence of this disease is increasing disproportionately to advancements in *** treatments are limited by the availability of viable organs,for which there is a worldwide *** treatment modalities also require a substantial amount of infrastructure,significantly limiting the access to care in most *** tissue engineering approaches promise to develop alternative solutions that address many of the inadequacies in current *** many advancements have been made—primarily in the past decade—in biofabrication and whole-organ tissue engineering,many challenges *** major hindrance to the progress of current tissue engineering approaches is establishing successful vascularization of developed engineered tissue *** review focuses on the recent advancements that address the vascular challenge,including the biofabrication of vasculature,whole-organ engineering through decellularization and recellularization approaches,microscale organogenesis,and vascularization using organoids in the context of kidney tissue *** also highlight the specific challenges that remain in developing successful strategies capable of clinical translation.

关键词： Kidney Vascularization Tissue engineering Biofabrication Organoids

Combined influence of Ce(Ⅲ)and iodide ions for corrosion protection of AA 2024-T3 in acidic to neutral chloride-rich environments:Electrochemical and surface characterization studies

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第2期41卷 309-320页

作者： Mohammed A.El-Hashemy anthony E.Hughes Thomas Gengenbach A.Matthew Glenn Ivan s.Cole Chemistry Department College of ScienceJouf UniversityP.O.Box 2014SakakaAljoufSaudi Arabia Air Pollution Research Department Environmental and Climate Change Research InstituteNational Research CentreDokkiGiza12622Egypt CsIRO Mineral Resources ClaytonVic3168Australia CsIRO Manufacturing ClaytonVic3168Australia school of Engineering RMIT UniversityCarltonVic3053Australia

It has been reported that trivalent cerium salts are effective inhibitors for corrosion of AA2024-T3 in neutral to alkaline co rrosive enviro nments,but poor in acidic *** this study,work was done for extending corrosion resistance provided by Ce(NO_(3))_(3)to acidic pHs as low as 2.5 through the addition of iodide *** this end,potentiodynamic polarization was used to ascertain the optimum Ce(Ⅲ)concentration for the inhibition of AA2024-T3 corrosion in 3.5%NaCl *** optimum concentration is found to be in a range between 0.1 and 0.3 mmol/L Ce(Ⅲ).This optimum concentration also gives a maximum width of the passive region under the pitting potential(Epit).Based on this optimization,further work was performed as a function of pH without and in the presence of 0.01 mol/L KI at five pH values(2.5,4,5,7,and 8).Without iodide the best inhibition provided by the Ce(Ⅲ)cation is at pH=7 but active corrosion is observed at pH=2.5 with an estimated inhibitor efficiency(-37.6%).The addition of iodide ions(I^(-))reverses the poor corrosion resistance whereby the inhibitor efficiency becomes 47.7%.Moreover,at pH=4 the efficiency is also increased from 54.0%to 81.0%with iodide addition providing a significant improvement over Ce(Ⅲ)cations alone under acidic *** is a synergistic effect between I-anion and Ce(Ⅲ)cation,which is determined to be 2.4 and 2.1 at pH=2.5and 4.0,*** pH=5 and 7 there is virtually no change in inhibition but at pH=8 the inhibition falls away due to a considerable amount of cerium precipitating out of solution as cerium *** protective film formed on sites in the aluminium alloy surface at different pH values was examined by both scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the role of these ions as a function of pH in surface *** is proposed that at pH=2.5 protection is provided by a bilayer adsorption of iodide with"cap

关键词： Aluminium alloy Cerium(Ⅲ)salt Potassium iodide Corrosion inhibitor XPs Rare earths

Comment on Malanson(2017) “Mixed signals in trends of variance in high-elevation tree ring chronologies” published in Journal of Mountain science

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Journal of Mountain science 2018年第2期15卷 444-446页

作者： anthony FOWLER University of Auckland School of Environment

In a recent paper published in Journal of Mountain science, Malanson(2017) explored variance changes in Rocky Mountains tree-ring chronologies. This commentary points out some methodological issues related to systematic bias in evolving tree-ring chronology variance and suggests that analyzing the slopes of linear regression lines may be suboptimal for identifying temporal changes in variance. The journal editor invited the original article's authors Dr. Malanson to respond to the comments. Thus Dr. Malanson's response is attached behind the comments.

关键词：杂志混合信号年表戒指出版科学评论落基山脉

Effects of Andrade and Burgers rheologies on glacial isostatic adjustment modeling in Antarctica

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第5期15卷 429-440页

作者： Alexandre Boughanemi anthony Mémin UniversitéCôte d'Azur CNRSObservatoire de la Côte d'AzurIRDGéoazur250 rue Albert EinsteinSophia Antipolis 06560 ValbonneFrance

Variations in ice mass deform the Earth and modify its gravity field,a process known as Glacial Isostatic Adjustment(GIA).GIA in Antarctica remains poorly constrained due to the cumulative effect of past and present ice-mass changes,the unknown history of the past ice-mass change,and the uncertainties on the mechanical properties of the *** paper investigates the effect of using Andrade and Burgers viscoelastic rheologies,rather than the commonly used Maxwell rheology,to model GIA-induced deformation in *** Love number and Green's function formalism are used to compute the radial surface displacements and the gravity changes induced by the past and present ice-mass *** consider an Earth model whose elastic properties and radial structure are averaged from the Preliminary Reference Earth Model and two viscosity profiles to account for the recently published results on the present ice-mass *** the three rheological laws affects the temporal response of the Earth differently,leading to smaller discrepancies than those induced by the two viscosity *** differences are the largest between Maxwell and Burgers rheologies during the 100-1000 years following the beginning of the surface-mass *** show that using the Andrade and Burgers rheologies allows the Earth to respond on decennial to centennial time scales,up to 10 m more than *** only the recent ice-mass changes,the deformation rates derived from Burgers and Andrade rheologies are several times larger than those estimated by Maxwell rheology.

关键词： GIA Antarctica Modeling Rheology Displacement Viscosity GNss

Interactive Effect of Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus on Vigna unguiculata

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2019年第2期5卷 88-92页

作者： Ayodele anthony Fajinmi Faculty of Agriculture Department of Crop Science and Horticulture Federal UniversityOye-Ekiti P.M.B. 374 Nigeria

This research tries to demonstrate physiological effect of combined infection of two viruses on growth parameter of cowpea plant as demonstrated through symptom expression. Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus(BlCMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) were transmitted to cowpea plants by mechanical rub inoculation. This study showed that the differences in stem height and final aboveground fresh weight of cowpea plants inoculated with mixed infection with CMV and BlCMV were significantly less than those of plants inoculated with a single virus. Likewise cowpea plants inoculated with either virus alone or with CMV and BlCMV mixed infection had less stem height and aboveground fresh weight than the control. The mixed infection of BlCMV and CMV caused significant increase in the severity of symptoms in cowpea and also in the height using factors analysis and Abbott's equation. symptom severity rating scale used, demonstrated statistical proof for physiological effect based on symptom severity for co-infection. A three phase disease symptom severity expression revealed disease severity for each viral treatment associated with host plant.

关键词： cowpea virus mixed infection interaction severity symptom

Potassium carbonate-based ternary transition temperature mixture(deep eutectic analogues)for CO_(2)absorption:Characterizations and DFT analysis

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2022年第7期16卷 113-124页

作者： Hosein Ghaedi Payam Kalhor Ming Zhao Peter T.Clough Edward J.anthony Paul s.Fennell school of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Energy and Power Theme Cranfield UniversityCranfieldBedfordshireMK430ALUK Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW72AZUK

Is it possible to improve CO_(2)solubility in potassium carbonate(K_(2)CO_(3))-based transition temperature mixtures(TTMs)?To assess this possibility,a ternary transition-temperature mixture(TTTM)was prepared by using a hindered amine,2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol(AMPD).Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)was employed to detect the functional groups including hydroxyl,amine,carbonate ion,and aliphatic functional groups in the prepared *** thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),it was found that the addition of AMPD to the binary mixture can increase the thermal stability of *** viscosity findings showed that TTTM has a higher viscosity than TTM while their difference was decreased by increasing *** addition,Eyring’s absolute rate theory was used to compute the activation parameters(∆G^(*),∆H^(*),and ∆s^(*)).The CO_(2)solubility in liquids was measured at a temperature of 303.15 K and pressures up to 1.8 *** results disclosed that the CO_(2)solubility of TTTM was improved by the addition of *** the pressure of about 1.8 MPa,the CO_(2)mole fractions of TTM and TTTM were 0.1697 and 0.2022,*** confirm the experimental data,density functional theory(DFT)was *** the DFT analysis,it was found that the TTTM+CO_(2)system has higher interaction energy(|∆E|)than the TTM+CO_(2)system indicating the higher CO_(2)affinity of the former *** study might help scientists to better understand and to improve CO_(2)solubility in these types of solvents by choosing a suitable amine as HBD and finding the best combination of HBA and HBD.

关键词： Ternary transition-temperature mixture FT-IR and thermal stability analysis Viscosity and correlation study Eyring’s absolute rate theory CO_(2)solubility Density functional theory(DFT)

Numerical modeling of external light gauge steel framed wall systems exposed to bushfire flame zone conditions

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Frontiers of structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 1424-1444页

作者： sahani HENDAWITHARANA anthony ARIYANAYAGAM Mahen MAHENDRAN Faculty of Engineering Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia

Bushfire-related building losses cause adverse economic impacts to countries prone to *** materials and components play a vital role in reducing these ***,due to high costs of experimental studies and lack of numerical studies,the heat transfer behavior of building’s external components in bushfire-prone areas has not been adequately *** large-scale heat transfer models are developed using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)tools,and the availability of CFD models for heat transfer in building components improves the understanding of the behavior of systems and systems of ***,this paper uses a numerical modeling approach to investigate the bushfire/wildfire resistance of external Light gauge steel Framed(LsF)wall *** full-scale and small-scale heat transfer models were developed for the LsF wall *** results of six internal and external LsF wall systems with varying plasterboard thickness and cladding material were used to validate the developed *** study was then extended to investigate the bushfire resistance of seven external wall systems under two different bushfire flame zone *** results illustrate the significant effects of fire curves,LsF wall components and configuration on the heat transfer across the *** have shown 1)the favorable performance of steel cladding and Autoclaved Aerated Concrete(AAC)panels when used on the external side of wall systems and 2)the adequacy of thin-walled steel studs’load-bearing capacity during bushfire *** study has shown that most of the investigated external LsF walls could be reused with cost-effective retrofitting such as replacing the Fire side(Fs)steel cladding after bushfire ***,this study has advanced the understanding of the behavior of external light steel framed walls under bushfire flame zone conditions.

关键词： bushfires flame zone external light gauge steel framed walls heat transfer analyses numerical models

A probabilistic approach for predictive congestion control in wireless sensor networks

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science C(Computers and Electronics) 2014年第3期15卷 187-199页

作者： R.ANNIE UTHRA s.V.KAsMIR RAJA A.JEYAsEKAR anthony J.LATTANZE Department of Computer science and Engineering SRM University Department of software Engineering Carnegie Mellon University

Any node in a wireless sensor network is a resource constrained device in terms of memory, bandwidth, and energy, which leads to a large number of packet drops, low throughput, and significant waste of energy due to retransmission. This paper presents a new approach for predicting congestion using a probabilistic method and controlling congestion using new rate control methods. The probabilistic approach used for prediction of the occurrence of congestion in a node is developed using data traffic and buffer occupancy. The rate control method uses a back-off selection scheme and also rate allocation schemes, namely rate regulation(RRG) and split protocol(sP), to improve throughput and reduce packet drop. A back-off interval selection scheme is introduced in combination with rate reduction(RR) and RRG. The back-off interval selection scheme considers channel state and collision-free transmission to prevent congestion. simulations were conducted and the results were compared with those of decentralized predictive congestion control(DPCC) and adaptive duty-cycle based congestion control(ADCC). The results showed that the proposed method reduces congestion and improves performance.

关键词： Congestion Rate allocation Congestion control Packet loss Back-off interval Rate control