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Open j.urnal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第5期4卷 293-298页

作者： Sospatro E. Ngallaba Daniel j. Makerere anthony Kapesa Stella Mongela Basinda Namanya Department of Pediatrics Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania School of Public Health Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania School of Public Health Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Background: Malnutrition is a disease affecting commonly children from 0 to 5 years of age. In Tanzania it is still a problem with a prevalence of 36% and 28% mortality. Obj.ctive: This study aimed to compare the outcome and effectiveness of therapeutic regimes used by different district hospitals in the management of malnutrition of under five years old children in Mwanza Region. Methods: Patient charts were reviewed collecting social demographic attributes, diagnosis, type of therapeutic regimen given and treatment outcome. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition was found to be 30% with case fatality rate (CFR) of 8.8%, for the health facilities using WHO regime while 29% CFR for those using traditional regimen. The use of recommend malnutrition screening tests was generally poor. Conclusion: Malnutrition is still a public health problem with high mortality rate in Tanzania which is mainly caused by failure to use the WHO regimen. There is a need to use the available screening methods and recommended regimens to avert this.

关键词： Outcome and Cost Effectiveness Under Five Malnutrition WHO Therapeutic Regimen

A Retrospective Study on the Unseen Epidemic of Road Traffic Inj.ries and Deaths Due to Accidents in Mwanza City—Tanzania

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Open j.urnal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第4期4卷 222-228页

作者： Sospatro E. Ngallaba Daniel j. Makerere anthony Kapesa j.phet Gilyoma Philipo Chalya Department of Surgery Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza Tanzania School of Public Health Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania

Backgrounds: Sixty percent of the global deaths and inj.ries occur in the developing world and mostly are due to Road traffic accidents (RTAs). Looking at the etiological related factors which include carelessness of the driver, condition of the vehicle or motorcycle, poor condition of roads, risky behavior of the driver, most of these factors can be prevented to some extent. This study therefore, determined the pattern of cases and deaths due to traffic road accidents in Mwanza City Tanzania. Methods: In this retrospective study, records, registers and case notes in the surgical ward and causality, medical records and central police station from 2009 to 2012 were used. The study focused on the two referral hospitals (Sekouture regional hospital and Bugando Medical Center). Results: There were 3450 cases due to accidents reported at both centers (Sekouture regional hospital and Bugando Medical Center of which 3224 (93.4%) had complete information for analysis. 2225 (69%) were male and 999 (31%) were female, and the most affected group were male. Among the RTAs 2809 cases (87%) were due to motor cycle accidents which were the leading cause of RTAs with case fatality rate of 5% while motor vehicle has case fatality rate of 24% which is 5 times that of motor cycle. Conclusion: Among all RTAs the leading cause of inj.ries is Motor cycle traffic accidents followed by motor vehicle. RTAs are on increase particularly the motor cycle traffic accidents and have claimed a good number of innocent people’s lives however most of them are preventable, therefore driving course to be introduced to motor cycle drivers emphasizes on the road posters signal, rules and regular checkup of their motor cycles especially commercial motor cycle.

关键词： Motor Cycle Accidents RTAs Morbidity and Mortality Rate in Mwanza City

Nanocellulose-Based Biosensors: Design, Preparation, and Activity of Peptide-Linked Cotton Cellulose Nanocrystals Having Fluorimetric and Colorimetric Elastase Detection Sensitivity

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第9期5卷 20-28页

作者： j. Vincent Edwards Nicolette Prevost Alfred French Monica Concha anthony DeLucca Qinglin Wu outhern Regional Research Center USDA-ARS New Orleans USA School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge USA Southern Regional Research Center USDA-ARS New Orleans USA

Nanocrystalline cellulose is an amphiphilic, high surface area material that can be easily functionalized and is biocompatible and eco-friendly. It has been used singularly and in combination with other nanomaterials to optimize biosensor design. The attachment of peptides and proteins to nanocrystalline cellulose and their proven retention of activity provide a route to bioactive conj.gates useful in designs for point of care biosensors. Elastase is a biomarker for a number of inflammatory diseases including chronic wounds, and its rapid sensitive detection with a facile approach to sensing is of interest. An increased interest in the use of elastase sensors for point of care diagnosis is resulting in a variety of approaches to elsastase sensors utilizing different detection technologies. Here elastase substrate peptide-celluose conj.gates synthesized as colorimetric and fluorescent sensors on cotton cellulose nanocrystals are compared. The structure of the sensor peptide-nanocellulose crystals when modeled with computational crystal structure parameters demonstrates the spatio-stoichiometric features of the nanocrystalline surface that allows ligand to active site protease interacttion. An understanding of the structure/function relations of enzyme and conj.gate substrate of the peptides covalently attached to nancellulose has implications for enhancing the biomolecular transducer. The potential applications of both fluorescent and colorimetric detection to markers like elastase using peptide cotton cellulose nanocrystals as a transducer surface to model point of care biosensors for protease detection are discussed.

关键词： Cellulose Nanocrystal Cotton Human Neutrophil Elastase Fluorescent Colorimetric Point of Care Biosensor Peptide-Cellulose Conj.gate

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Fish Frames Using Pilot Plant Scale Systems

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第6期2卷 586-593页

作者： Aristotelis T. Himonides anthony K. D. Taylor Anne j. Morris Technological Educational Institute Thessaloniki Greece

Papain was used to hydrolyse fish frames under controlled conditions at a batch-pilot plant scale- process, for the production of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH). Mass balance calculations were carried out so that the rate of hydrolysis, rate of protein solubilisation and yields could be estimated. Almost complete hydrolysis could be achieved in 1 hour, at 40oC, with no pH adj.stment, at 0.5% (5 ***-1) enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S, were S is Kj.ldahl protein) using whole fish frames (including heads and flaps). This was achieved both with the addition of water (1/1 to 2/1 frames/water) but more importantly from commercial considerations without the initial addition of water (after mincing of the fish material). The degree of protein solubilisation ranged between 71% - 86% w/w. Four different processes are described, namely: 1) a soluble spray-dried FPH powder 2) a liquid FPH 3) a partly soluble, spray dried FPH powder and 4) a crude, drum-dried protein for animal consumption. The amino acid profile of the FPH was identical to that of the parent substrate (fish frames).

关键词： Enzymatic Hydrolysis Papain Cod Haddock Frames Molecular Weight Distribution Degree of Hydrolysi

A Study of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Fish Frames Using Model Systems

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第6期2卷 575-585页

作者： Aristotelis T. Himonides anthony K. D. Taylor Anne j. Morris Technological Educational Institute Thessaloniki Greece

A model system was employed to study the operating conditions and primary parameters of enzymic hydrolysis of cod proteins. Pancreatin, papain, and bromelain were used to hydrolyse minced cod fillets under controlled conditions and with the rate of hydrolysis being continually monitored via both the pH-stat and TNBS method. The two methods were compared and evaluated. The rate of protein solubilisation was plotted against the degree of hydrolysis (DH). Dry fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) powders having short, medium and high degrees of hydrolysis (DH of approximately 8%, 11% and 16% respectively) were produced and analysed for their molecular weight distribution, using size exclusion chromatography. Almost complete protein solubilisation (75 g soluble protein per kg hydrolysis solution) could be achieved within an hour, at 40oC, at 1% enzyme/substrate ratio (w/w) with papain and bromelain. The pH-stat was found capable of continuously following the rate of hydrolysis but only at low DH. The TNBS could be accurately used even at high DH to estimate the percentage of the peptide bonds cleaved, but required chemical analysis of withdrawn samples.

关键词： Enzymatic Hydrolysis Papain Bromelain Pancreatin Fish Frames Cod Fish Protein Hydrolysates

21st Century Guidebook to Fungi 0

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Correlation and prognostic significance of beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase and serum monosialylated alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma

2011年

作者： David Moore Geoffrey D. Robson anthony P. j. Trinci

ISBN: (数字)9781139142793

ISBN: (纸本)9781139142793

Fungi have their own unique cell biology and life cycle, but also play critical roles in wider biological systems. This textbook provides a comprehensive view of fungal biology, ranging in scope from the evolutionary origins of fungi and other eukaryotes more than a billion years ago, to the impact fungi have on everyday life. Bringing mycology teaching right up to date, this unique systems biology approach emphasises the interactions between fungi and other organisms to illustrate the critical roles that fungi play in every ecosystem and food web. With more than 60 colour figures, examples of computational modelling and resource boxes directing students to areas of interest online, this book gives students an appreciation of fungi both at the organism level and in the context of wider biology. A companion CD accompanying the print book features a hyperlinked version of the book and the fully integrated World of Cyberfungi website.

关键词： Fungi. Fungal molecular biology.

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2005年第42期11卷 6701-6706页

作者： Terence CW Poon Clarissa HS Chiu Paul BS Lai Tony SK Mok Benny Zee anthony TC Chan j.seph j. Sung Philip j.j.hnson Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Sir YK Pao Cancer Centre the Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital NT Hong Kong China Department of Clinical Oncology Sir YK Pao Cancer Centre the Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital NT Hong Kong China Department of Surgery Sir YK Pao Cancer Centre the Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital NT Hong Kong China Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies University of Birmingham Vincent Drive Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom

AIM： To investigate the correlation between tissue ST6Gal I and serum msAFP in HCC patients, and to investigate their prognostic significance. METHODS： Preoperative sera, paired tumorous and non-tumorous tissues were collected from 19 consecutive patients who had undergone surgical resection of HCC. ST6Gal I activities in the tissues were measured by an in vitro microsomal enzyme activity assay. The percentages of tumor-specific msAFP in the sera were also estimated by an isoelectric focusing-immunoblotting assay. RESULTS： The tumor ST6Gal I activity was negatively correlated with serum msAFP percentage （r = -0.53, P = 0.019）. Both decreased tumor ST6Gal I activity and increased serum msAFP percentage were associated with poor tumor cell differentiation. Univariate analyses showed that both decreased tumor ST6Gal I activity （P = 0.028）, increased serum msAFP percentage （P = 0.034） and poor tumor cell differentiation （P = 0.031）were associated with shorter overall survival. Multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model showed that the preoperative serum msAFP percentage （P = 0.022） and tumor cell differentiation status （P = 0.048） were independent prognostic indicators for patient overall survival. CONCLUSION： Our results indicate that the presence of msAFP in blood circulation is associated with a decreased activity of ST6Gal I activity in HCC. Both tissue ST6Gal I and serum msAFP are potential prognostic markers for patients with operable HCC.

关键词： Alpha-fetoprotein Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase Hepatocellular carcinoma Patientsurvival Cell differentiation

Beyond cardiomyocytes:Cellular diversity in the heart's response to exercise

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运动与健康科学(英文) 2023年第4期12卷 423-437,F0003页

作者： Lena E.Trager Margaret Lyons Alexandra Kuznetsov Cedric Sheffield Kangsan Roh Rebecca Freeman j.mes Rhee j.Sawalla Guseh Haobo Li anthony Rosenzweig Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Research CenterDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114USA University of Minnesota Medical School MinneapolisMI 55455USA Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Institute for Heart and Brain Health University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Cardiomyocytes comprise~70%to 85%of the total volume of the adult mammalian heart but only about 25%to 35%of its total number of *** in single cell and single nuclei RNA sequencing have greatly facilitated investigation into and increased appreciation of the potential functions of non-cardiomyocytes in the *** much of this work has focused on the relationship between non-cardiomyocytes,disease,and the heart's response to pathological stress,it will also be important to understand the roles that these cells play in the healthy heart,cardiac homeostasis,and the response to physiological stress such as *** present review summarizes recent research highlighting dynamic changes in non-cardiomyocytes in response to the physiological stress of *** particular interest are changes in fibrotic pathways,the cardiac vasculature,and immune or inflammatory *** many instances,limited data are available about how specific lineages change in response to exercise or whether the changes observed are functionally important,underscoring the need for further research.

关键词： Angiogenesis Cardiac fibrosis Cardioprotection Hypertrophy Non-cardiomyocytes Proliferation

Potential availability of non-woody biomass feedstock for pellet production within the Republic of Ireland

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International j.urnal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2010年第1期3卷 63-73页

作者： anthony Nolan Kevin Mc Donnell Ger j.Devlin j.hn P.Carroll j.hn Finnan Biosystems Engineering UCD School of AgricultureFood Science and Veterinary MedicineUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Teagasc Crops Research Centre Oak ParkCarlowIreland

The threat of increasing fuel prices and climate change necessitates the need for clean,renewable and independent energy sources.A GIS(Geographical Information Systems)model was developed using ArcGIS 9.2 to analyze the availability of non-woody biomass(wheat,oat,barley and rape straw,willow and miscanthus)for pellet production in *** within the heating and electricity sector would displace currently used fossil fuels with cleaner,carbon neutral non-woody *** aim of the analysis was to determine the total hectares of biomass within Ireland and compute the potential non-woody biomass *** greatest potential source of biomass for pelleting is cereal *** the Republic of Ireland the South-East,South-West and Mid-East of Ireland have the greatest biomass yield for pellet production and likely to be most economically ***-woody biomass has a realistic potential to displace fossil fuels within the heating and electricity sector resulting in CO2 mitigation.

关键词： biomass pellet production non-woody biomass GIS analysis renewable energy source CO2 mitigation

National trends in total hip arthroplasty for traumatic hip fractures:An analysis of a nationwide all-payer database

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World j.urnal of Orthopedics 2020年第1期11卷 18-26页

作者： anthony j.Boniello Alexander M Lieber Kevin Denehy Priscilla Cavanaugh Yehuda E Kerbel Andrew Star Rothman Orthopaedic Institute Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19107United States Drexel University College of Medicine PhiladelphiaPA 19123United States Bluegrass Orthopaedics LexingtonKY 40509United States Deparment of Orthopaedics Hospital of University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States

BACKGROUND Hemiarthroplasty(HA)has traditionally been the treatment of choice for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck *** treatment for younger,ambulatory patients is not as *** hip arthroplasty(THA)has been increasingly utilized in this population however the factors associated with undergoing HA or THA have not been fully *** To examine what patient characteristics are associated with undergoing THA or *** determine if outcomes differ between the *** We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS)for patients that underwent HA or THA for a femoral neck fracture between 2005 and *** NIS comprises a large representative sample of inpatient hospitalizations in the United *** Classifications of Disease,Ninth Edition(ICD-9)codes were used to identify patients in our *** variables,hospital characteristics,payer status,medical comorbidities and mortality rates were compared between the two *** logistic regression analysis was then performed to identify independent risk factors of treatment *** Of the total 502060 patients who were treated for femoral neck fracture,51568(10.3%)underwent THA and the incidence of THA rose from 8.3%to 13.7%.Private insurance accounted for a higher percentage of THA than *** increased most in urban teaching hospitals relative to urban non-teaching *** length of stay(LOS)was longer for *** mean charges were less for HA,however charges decreased steadily for both *** had a higher mortality rate,however,after adj.sting for age and comorbidities HA was not an independent risk factor for ***,private insurance was an independent predictor for treatment with *** There has been an increase in the use of THA for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the United States,most notably in urban *** and THA are decreasing in total charges and LOS.

关键词： Hip fracture Total hip arthroplasty Hemiarthroplasty Cost Length of stay National Inpatient Sample