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Decipher.ng the mechanobiology of micr.glia in tr.umatic br.in injur. with advanced micr.systems

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第8期20卷 2304-2306页

作者： anthony Pr.cès Sylvain Gabr.ele Univ.Gr.noble Alpes InsermU1216Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance Mechanobiology&Biomater.als Gr.up CIRMAPResearch Institute for BiosciencesUniversity of MonsMonsBelgium

Advanced micr.systems in tr.umatic br.in injur. r.sear.h:Tr.umatic br.in injur.(TBI)r.sults fr.m a mechanical insult to the br.in,leading to neur.nal and axonal damage and subsequently causing a secondar. *** minutes ... 详细信息

关键词： tr.umatic injur. damage

Effects of Seasonal and Per.nnial Gr.zing on Soil Fauna Community and Micr.bial Biomass Car.on in the Subalpine Meadows of Yunnan, Southwest China

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Pedospher. 2017年第2期27卷 371-379页

作者： LIU Shengjie YANG Xiaodong anthony r. IVES FENG Zhili SHA Liqing Key Labor.tor. of Tr.pical For.st Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla 666303 (China) Univer.ity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China) Depar.ment of Zoology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 (USA)

Gr.zing and over.gr.zing may dr.ve changes in the diver.ity and functioning of below-gr.und meadow ecosystems. A field soil sur.ey was conducted to compar. micr.bial biomass car.on （Cmin） and soil fauna communities in the two main gr.ssland management systems in subalpine r.gions of Yunnan Pr.vince, China： per.nnial gr.zing cur.ently pr.cticed due to incr.asing her. sizes and tr.ditional seasonal gr.zing. A thr.e-year.exclosur. exper.ment was then conducted to fur.her.compar. the effects of differ.nt gr.zing pr.ctices, including tr.atments of no mowing, per.nnial gr.zing （NM ＋ G）, mowing followed by seasonal gr.zing （M ＋ G）, mowing and no gr.zing （M ＋ NG）, and no mowing or.gr.zing （NM ＋ NG）. The compar.tive sur.ey r.sult r.vealed that Cmin and total density of soil fauna wer. significantly lower.at a per.nnially gr.zed site than at a seasonally gr.zed site. The exper.ment r.sults showed that in compar.son to non-gr.zing tr.atments （M ＋ NG and NM ＋ NG）, gr.zing （NM ＋ G and M ＋ G） r.duced total fauna density （by 150 individuals m-2） and the number.of taxonomic gr.ups pr.sent （by 0.32 taxa m-2）. Mowing decr.ased Cmin （by 0.31 mg g-l）. Fur.her.or., the NM ＋ G tr.atment （per.nnial gr.zing） had the lowest density of Collembola （16.24 individuals m-2）, one of the two most common taxonomic gr.ups, although other.taxonomic gr.ups r.sponded differ.ntly to the tr.atments. Tr.atment effects on soil fauna wer. consistent with those on above-gr.und gr.sses, in which C：N r.tios wer. gr.atly r.duced by gr.zing, with this effect being the gr.atest for.the NM ＋ G tr.atment. In contr.st, differ.nt gr.zing tr.atments had little effect on C：N r.tio of soil. Fur.her.or., the tr.ditional gr.zing method （mowing followed by seasonal gr.zing） may have less sever. effects on some taxonomic gr.ups than per.nnial gr.zing. Ther.for., an appr.pr.ate management should aim to pr.tect soil fauna and micr.bes in this ar.a fr.m over.gr.zing and against fur.her.degr.dation.

关键词： gr.ss nutr.ent meadow ecosystems mowing plant and animal communities soil micr.bes over.gr.zing

Pr.file of anthony Tr.wavas

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Molecular.Plant 2015年第3期8卷 345-351页

作者： anthony Tr.wavas Institute of Molecular.Plant Science University of Edinburgh Mayfield Road Edinburgh EH9 3 JH UK

When asked to wr.te on my exper.ence in science and give some backgr.und, it sounded r.mar.ably easy at fir.t. In fact, it has pr.ved ver. difficult. Apar. fr.m the shor. intr.duction below, I decided to wr.te on four.topics to which I have made a minor.contr.bution. These ar. used to illustr.te how I often fumbled my way thr.ugh r.sear.h and the ideas that I found fascinating. Investigation is never.a dir.ct path but a r.ad full of obstacles.

关键词： @@

An impr.ved cultur.ng method for.opiine fr.it fly par.sitoids and its application to par.sitoid monitor.ng in the field

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 99-108页

作者： Ayad Masr. Michael J. Fur.ong anthony r. Clar.e John Paul Cunningham School of Ear.h Environmental and Biological Sciences School Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Queensland Australia School of Biological Sciences the University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia plant Biosecur.ty Cooper.tive r.sear.h Centr. Bruce ACT Australia Depar.ment of Economic Development Jobs Transport and Resources AgriBio Centre La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria Australia

Good cultur.ng methods play an impor.ant r.le in the study of insect behavior.and its application to pest management. Her., we descr.be and validate a new method for.r.ar.ng the par.sitoid wasp, Diachasmir.or.ha kr.ussii, which attacks some of the wor.d＇s wor.t fr.it fly pests and is an inter.ationally used biological contr.l agent. Our.method differ. fr.m standar. cultur.ng appr.aches by pr.senting adult wasps with host- infested ar.ificial media within a ＂cultur.ng bag,＂ which mimics a natur.l （fr.it） oviposition substr.te. In labor.tor. tr.als using wild collected D. kr.ussii, the cultur.ng bag method was compar.d to the use of host-infested nectar.nes, and a commonly used labor.tor. method of pr.senting host-infested ar.ificial media within Petr. dishes. The cultur.ng bag method pr.ved to be a significant impr.vement on both methods, combining the advantages of high host sur.ival in ar.ificial media with par.sitism levels that wer. the equivalent to those r.cor.ed using host-infested fr.its. In our.field study, cultur.ng bags infested with the Queensland fr.it fly, Bactr.cer. tr.oni, and hung in a mixed peach and nectar.ne or.har. pr.ved to be effective ＂ar.ificial fr.its＂ attr.cting wild D. kr.ussii for.oviposition. Significantly mor. adult wasps wer. r.ar.d fr.m the cultur.ng bags compar.d to field collected fr.its. This was shown to be due to higher.fr.it fly lar.al density in the bags, as similar.per.entage par.sitism r.tes wer. found between the cultur.ng bags and r.pe fr.its. We discuss how this cheap, time-efficient method could be applied to collecting and monitor.ng wild D. kr.ussii populations in or.har.s, and assist in maintaining genetic var.ability in par.sitoid labor.tor. cultur.s.

关键词： Bactr.cer. biological contr.l fr.it fly mass r.ar.ng natur.l enemies Tephr.tidae wasp

r.r. ear.h elements:Pr.per.ies and applications to methanol synthesis catalysis via hydr.genation of car.on oxides

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Jour.al of r.r. Ear.hs 2018年第11期36卷 1127-1135页

作者： anthony r.r.char. Maohong Fan Depar.ment of Chemical Engineer.ng University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA School of Ener.y r.sour.es University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA

Methanol （CH3OH） is an impor.ant industr.al chemical with a wide var.ety of uses. Industr.al methanol synthesis catalysts ar. typically composed of Cu, Zn, and AI, but the use of catalysts incor.or.ting r.r. ear.h elements has been shown to impr.ve the catalytic per.or.ance. Due to their.unique chemical and physical pr.per.ies, the use of r.r. ear.h elements （scandium, yttr.um, and the lanthanides） in catalysis in gener.l has continued to incr.ase over.the past few decades, while the use of r.r. ear.h in methanol synthesis catalysts has not, despite often impr.ving per.br.ance. The ability of sever.l of the r.r. ear.h elements （Pr. Ce, Eu, Tb, Yb） to easily switch between oxidation states makes them beneficial for.many differ.nt types of catalysts. However. for.methanol synthesis the sur.ace basicity is an impor.ant pr.per.y, and the basic natur. of the r.r. ear.h elements can be used to tune the basicity of catalysts. A small number.of cor.elations between r.r. ear.h pr.per.ies and catalytic per.or.ance have been obser.ed, but often do not apply to other.catalysts. Pr.per.ies such as str.ngth of basic sites, ionic r.dius, and etec- tr.negativity have been found to cor.elate with per.or.ance r.sults such as activity or.selectivity.

关键词： Methanol synthesis r.r. ear.h Lanthanides Catalysis Hydr.genation

The “sequential cues hypothesis”: a conceptual model to explain host location and r.nking by polyphagous her.ivor.s

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1136-1147页

作者： r.han Silva anthony r.Clar.e School of Ear.h.Envir.nmental and Biological Sciences Queensland University of Technology(QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia

Successfully locating a host plant is cr.cial for.an insect her.ivor. to feed and/or.***,locating a host within a complex envir.nment that may contain an ar.ay of differ.nt plant species is a difficult *** is par.icular.y the case for.polyphagous her.ivor.s,which must locate a host within envir.nments that may simultaneously contain multiple suitable and unsuitable *** we r.view the mechanisms of host selection used by polyphagous her.ivor.s,as well as explor.ng how pr.or.exper.ence may modify a gener.list's r.sponse to host *** show that r.cent r.sear.h demonstr.tes that polyphagous her.ivor.s have the capacity to detect both common cues fr.m multiple host species,as well as specific cues fr.m individual host *** cr.ates a par.dox in that gener.lists invar.ably r.nk hosts when given a choice,a finding at odds with the“neur.l limitations”hypothesis that says gener.list insect her.ivor.s should not have the neur.l capacity to identify cues specific to ever. possible *** explain this par.dox we pr.pose a model,akin to par.sitoid host location,that postulates that gener.list her.ivor.s use differ.nt cues sequentially in host *** pr.pose that initially common host cues,associated with all potential hosts,ar. used to place the her.ivor. within the host habitat and that,in the absence of any other.host cues,these cues ar. sufficient in themselves to lead to host *** such they ar. tr.e “gener.list”***,once within the host habitat,we pr.pose that the pr.sence of a smaller.gr.up of cues may lead to fur.her.host sear.hing and the location of pr.fer.ed hosts:these ar.“specialist”*** model explains the cur.ent conflict in the liter.tur. wher. gener.lists can r.spond to both common and specific host-plant cues,while also exhibiting specialist and gener.list host use behavior.under.differ.nt conditions.

关键词： diet br.adth for.ging insect behavior insect-plant r.lationship lear.ing neur.l constr.ints visual cues volatile cues

Patient-specific monocyte-der.ved micr.glia as a scr.ening tool for.neur.degener.tive diseases

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2023年第5期18卷 955-958页

作者： Hazel Quek anthony r.White Mental Health and Neur.science QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute School of Biomedical Science The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Micr.glia, the main dr.ver.of neur.inflammation, play a centr.l r.le in the initiation and exacer.ation of var.ous neur.degener.tive diseases and ar. now consider.d a pr.mising ther.peutic tar.et. Pr.vious studies on in vitr. human micr.glia and in vivo r.dent models lacked scalability, consistency, or.physiological r.levance, which deter.ed successful ther.peutic outcomes for.the past decade. Her. we r.view human blood monocyte-der.ved micr.glia-like cells as a r.bust and consistent appr.ach to gener.te a patient-specific micr.glia-like model that can be used in extensive cohor. studies for.dr.g testing. We will highlight the str.ngth and applicability of human blood monocyte-der.ved micr.glia-like cells to incr.ase tr.nslational outcomes by r.viewing the advantages of human blood monocyte-der.ved micr.glia-like cells in addr.ssing patient heter.geneity and str.tification, the basis of per.onalized medicine.

关键词： human in vitr. micr.glia models neur.degener.tion neur.inflammation patient heter.geneity patient str.tification per.pher.l blood monocyte-der.ved micr.glia-like cells ther.peutic tar.et tr.nsdiffer.ntiation tr.nslational outcomes

Fer.optosis dr.ves immune-mediated neur.degener.tion in multiple scler.sis

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Cellular.& Molecular.Immunology 2023年第1期20卷 112-113页

作者： anthony r.White Mental Health and Neur.science QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQld4006Australia

One of the leading issues in multiple scler.sis(MS)r.sear.h is the lack of under.tanding r.gar.ing the tr.gger. of *** demyelination is a major.featur. in MS,the degener.tion of gr.y matter.neur.ns contr.butes to major.changes in patient function,but the mechanisms dr.ving this neur.nal loss ar. *** exciting r.sear.h published by Luoqian et al.[1]in the December.issue of Cellular.and Molecular.Immunology,new insights have shown an impor.ant contr.bution of fer.optosis to T-cell-mediated neur.degener.tion in the common animal model of MS,‘exper.mental autoimmune encephalomyelitis’(EAE).Although a r.lationship between fer.optosis and T-cell activation has been r.por.ed in other.disor.er.,this is the fir.t discover. of a link between abnor.al ir.n homeostasis and T-cell infiltr.tion in *** addition,the author. found that unlike other.studies on fer.optosis-T-cell inter.ctions[2,3],fer.optotic activation of T cells in EAE,and potentially MS,involved the infiltr.tion and activation of CD4+T cells,r.ther.than CD8+***,in this study,fer.optosis was a key dr.ver.of T-cell activation r.ther.than the opposite inter.ction wher. CD8+cells dr.ve fer.optosis[3].The r.sear.h also mapped a key r.le for.Acsl4 in the ear.y stages of fer.optosis-T-cell-mediated ***4 conver.s fr.e long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA ester. and has been identified as a centr.l contr.butor.to fer.optotic pr.cesses[4].This study has mapped a major.new pathway potentially leading to neur.degener.tion in MS,and this opens the possibility of new ther.peutic appr.aches to tr.at MS based on ir.n tar.eting as the author. descr.be in their.final exper.ments.

关键词： neur.degener.tion degener.tion homeostasis

Simulating dispatchable gr.d ser.ices pr.vided by flexible building loads:State of the ar. and needed building ener.y modeling impr.vements

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 441-462页

作者： Venkatesh Chinde Adam Hir.ch William Livingood anthony r.Flor.ta National r.newable Ener.y Labor.tor. 15013 Denver West ParkwayGoldenCO 80401USA School of Sustainability Interdisciplinary Center(IDC)HerzliyaP.0.Box 167Herzliya 46150Israel

End-use electr.cal loads in r.sidential and commer.ial buildings ar. evolving into flexible and cost-effective r.sour.es to impr.ve electr.c gr.d r.liability,r.duce costs,and suppor. incr.ased hosting of distr.buted r.newable *** ar.icle r.views the simulation of utility ser.ices deliver.d by buildings for.the pur.ose of electr.c gr.d oper.tional *** consider.ser.ices deliver.d to(1)the high-voitage bulk power.system thr.ugh the coor.inated action of many,distr.buted building loads wor.ing together.and(2)tar.eted suppor. pr.vided to the oper.tion of low-voltage electr.c distr.bution *** an exhaustive explor.tion is not possible,we emphasize the ancillar. ser.ices and voltage management buildings can pr.vide and summar.ze the gaps in our.ability to simulate them with tr.ditional building ener.y modeling(BEM)tools,suggesting pathways for.futur. r.sear.h and development.

关键词： building ener.y modeling gr.d-inter.ctive efficient buildings demand r.sponse load flexibility ther.ostatically contr.lled loads r.duced or.er.models heating ventilation and air.conditioning