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Optimizing Plant Spacing under the Systems of Rice Intensification (SRI)

Agricultural Sciences 2016年第4期7卷 270-278页

作者： Paul Reuben Fredrick C. Kahimba Zacharia Katambara Henry F. Mahoo Winfred Mbungu Fikiri Mhenga anthony nyarubamba Muyenjwa Maugo Department of Agricultural Engineering and Land Planning Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Morogoro Tanzania Department of Built Environment Engineering Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST) Mbeya Tanzania Ministries of Agriculture Food Security (MAFC) Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Optimum plant spacing is among key agronomic parameters that influence crop growth performance and crop yield. A study was conducted to investigate the optimum rice transplanting spacing under the Systems of Rice Intensification (SRI) practice in Tanzania. The study composed of five treatments of rice transplanting spacing namely 1) 15 cm × 15 cm (T1);2) 20 cm × 20 cm (T2);3) 25 cm × 25 cm (T3);4) 30 cm × 30 cm (T4);and 5) 35 cm × 35 cm (T5). The experiment was set in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and transplanted with uniform age of 12 days old seedlings in all treatments. The rice variety tested was TXD 306 Super SARO which was recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture for flooded rice in central and eastern Tanzania. Data was collected throughout the two growing seasons (Masika and Vuli) of 2013 and 2014. Data collected include biomass at vegetative, flowering and harvesting stages, total number of tillers per hill, number of productive tillers per hill, number of grains per panicle and rice grain yield at the end of the season. Data was analyzed using SAS software version 9.1. Results have shown that transplanting spacing of 25 cm × 25 cm, 30 cm × 30 cm and 35 cm × 35 cm has significantly performed better than rice transplanted at 15 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm. For the higher performing treatments, 25 cm × 25 cm has performed much higher than the rest. It is therefore recommended that for rice variety TXD 306 Super SARO under SRI practice in areas with soil conditions similar to Mkindo area in Morogoro Region, the optimum transplanting spacing that gives maximum yield is 25 × 25 cm.

关键词： SRI Transplanting Spacing Biomass Tillers Productive Tillers Hill Treatment Yield

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Influence of Transplanting Age on Paddy Yield under the System of Rice Intensification

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第3期7卷 154-163页

作者： Paul Reuben Zacharia Katambara Fredrick C. Kahimba Henry F. Mahoo Winfred B. Mbungu Fikiri Mhenga anthony nyarubamba Muyenjwa Maugo Department of Agricultural Engineering and Land Planning Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Morogoro Tanzania Department of Built Environment Engineering Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST) Mbeya Tanzania Ministries of Agriculture Food Security (MAFC) Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Agronomic practices such as transplanting age, plant spacing, and water application regimes in irrigated paddy production can have a significant impact towards the performance in rice growth and yield. A study was conducted to investigate the optimum transplanting age for maximum rice productivity under the systems of rice intensification (SRI) technology. The study treatments adopted were three representing 8, 12 and 15 days old seedlings replicated 3 times each. The experiment was set in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and transplanted at spacing 25 cm × 25 cm between rice hills. The rice variety tested was TXD 306 Super SARO, which was recommended by the ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. Data was collected throughout the growing season in two mixed short rains and dry season of September 2013/2014 and September 2014/2015. Data collected included biomass at vegetative, flowering and harvesting stages, total number of tillers per hill, number of productive tillers per hill, number of grains per panicle and rice grain yield at the end of the season. Data was analyzed using SAS software version 9.1. The results suggested that transplanting at younger age of 8 to 12 days was recommended for Mkindo area in Mvomero Distirct, and other areas with similar soil conditions and agro ecological characteristics.

关键词： SRI Transplanting Age Biomass Tillers Productive Tillers Hill Field Treatment Yield

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Adopting the system of rice intensification (SRI) in Tanzania: A review

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 369-375页

作者： Zacharia Katambara Frederick C. Kahimba Henry F. Mahoo Winfred B. Mbungu Fikiri Mhenga Paul Reuben Muyenjwa Maugo anthony nyarubamba Department of Agricultural Engineering and Land Planning Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Civil Engineering Mbeya University of Science and Technology Mbeya Tanzania Directorate of Irrigation Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and Cooperatives Morogoro Tanzania

The demand of water for irrigation purposes in Tanzania outstrips the amount of water available for irrigation and other demands. On the other hand, the demand for more food to feed the growing population is increasing, calling for the need to have technologies and farming practices that ensure more food production while minimizing water uses. Rice is among cereal crops grown in Tanzania, and it can assist in meeting the food demand for the nation. Majority of rice producers in Tanzania and Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA) are subsistence farmers and they practice continuous flooding, a technique that requires much water. In addition to using large amounts of water, the conventional practices of growing paddy using local varieties transplanting process are implemented when seedlings are more than 21 days old, and 3-4 seedlings are transplanted in one hole. This practice results in low yields, and low water productivity and water use efficiency. The system of rice intensification (SRI) on the other hand, is a promising new practice of growing paddy rice that has proven to be very effective in saving water and increasing rice yields in many parts of the world. SRI practice is spreading fast and it has been adopted in many countries. The SRI practice has been introduced in Tanzania during the last 3 years as such it is not widely practiced. This paper reviews SRI practice at global, regional and country (Tanzania) level, and evaluates the challenges, opportunities and implications for its adoption in Tanzania. Knowledge gaps at each level have been identified and discussed as well as suggestions for researchable areas.

关键词： System of Rice Intensification Rice Production Paddy Alternate Wetting and Drying

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