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development of an experimental method for well-controlled blast induced traumatic limb fracture in rats

defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 168-176页

作者： Luyang Xu Xiancheng Yu Clement dFavier Ibidumo Igah Thuy-Tien Nguyen Warren Macdonald anthony MJ.Bull Centre for Blast Injury Studies Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom dyson School of design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Royal Free London National Health Service Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom

Heterotopic ossification(HO)is a consequence of traumatic bone and tissue damage,which occurs in 65%of military casualties with blast-associated ***,the mechanisms behind blast-induced HO remain *** models are used to study blast-induced HO,but developing such models is challenging,particularly in how to use a pure blast wave(primary blast)to induce limb fracture that then requires an *** studies,including our recent study,have developed platforms to induce limb fractures in rats with blast loading or a mixture of blast and impact ***,these models are limited by the survivability of the animal and repeatability of the *** this study,we developed an improved platform,aiming to improve the animal's survivability and injury repeatability as well as focusing on primary blast *** platform exposed only one limb of the rat to a blast wave while providing proper protection to the rest of the rat's *** obtained very consistent fracture outcome in the tibia(location and pattern)in cadaveric rats with a large range of size and ***,the rats did not obviously move during the test,where movement is a potential cause of uncontrolled *** further conducted parametric studies by varying the features of the design of the *** factors,such as how the limb is fixed and how the cavity through which the limb is placed is sealed,significantly affect the resulting *** platform and test setups enable well-controlled limb fracture induced directly by pure blast wave,which is the fundamental step towards a complete in vivo animal model for blast-induced HO induced by primary blast alone,excluding secondary and tertiary blast *** addition,the platform design and the findings presented here,particularly regarding the proper protection of the animal,have implications for future studies investigating localized blast injuries,such as blast induced brain and lung injuries.

关键词： Blast injury Biomechanics Heterotopic ossification Limb fracture Blast wave Animal model

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Spatiotemporal variations of sand hydraulic conductivity by microbial application methods

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 268-278页

作者： Viroon Kamchoom Thiti Khattiwong Treesukon Treebupachatsakul Suraparb Keawsawasvong anthony Kwan Leung Excellent Centre for Green and Sustainable Infrastructure Department of Civil EngineeringSchool of EngineeringKing Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang(KMITL)Bangkok10520Thailand department of Biomedical Engineering School of EngineeringKing Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang(KMITL)Bangkok10520Thailand department of Civil Engineering Thammasat School of EngineeringThammasat UniversityPrathumthani10200Thailand department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(HKUST)Hong KongChina

The spatiotemporal distributions of microbes in soil by different methods could affect the efficacy of the microbes to reduce the soil hydraulic *** this study,the specimens of bio-mediated sands were prepared using three different methods,***,mixing,and pouring a given microbial so-lution onto compacted sand *** hydraulic conductivity was measured by constant-head tests,while any soil microstructural changes due to addition of the microbes were observed by scan-ning electron microscope(SEM)and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)*** amount of dextran concentration produced by microbes in each type of specimen was quantified by a *** show that dextran production increased exponentially after 5-7 d of microbial settling with the supply of culture *** injection and mixing methods resulted in a similar amount and uniform dis-tribution of dextran in the *** pouring method,however,produced a nonuniform distri-bution,with a higher concentration near the specimen *** the supply of culture medium discontinued,the dextran content near the surface produced by the pouring method decreased dramatically due to high competition for nutrients with foreign *** dextran concentration was negatively and correlated with hydraulic conductivity of bio-mediated soils exponentially,due to the clogging of large soil pores by *** hydraulic conductivity of the injection and mixing cases did not change significantly when the supply of culture medium was absent.

关键词： Bio-mediated soil dextran Hydraulic conductivity Leuconostoc mesenteroides Microbial application Microstructure

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Lateral ring compression test applied to a small caliber steel jacket:Identification of a constitutive model

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defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 133-148页

作者： Yann Coget Yael demarty Christophe Czarnota anthony Bracq Jean-Sebastien Brest Alexis Rusinek French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis 5 Rue Du General Cassagnou68300 Saint-LouisFrance Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mecanique des Materiaux(LEM3) CNRSUniversite de LorraineArts&Metiers ParisTechF-57000 MetzFrance

The evolution of threats and scenarios requires continuous performance improvements of ballistic protections for armed *** a modeling point of view,it is necessary to use sufficiently precise material behavior models to accurately describe the phenomena observed during the impact of a projectile on a protective *** this context,the goal of this paper is to characterize the behavior of a small caliber steel jacket by combining experimental and numerical *** experimental method is based on the lateral compression of ring specimens directly machined from the thin and small *** speeds and temperatures are considered in a quasi-static regime in order to reveal the strain rate and temperature dependencies of the tested *** Finite Element Updating Method(FEMU)is *** results are coupled with an inverse optimization method and a finite element numerical model in order to determine the parameters of a constitutive model representative of the jacket *** of the present model are verified against experimental results and a parametric study as well as a discussion on the identified material parameters are *** results indicate that the strain hardening parameter can be neglected and the behavior of the thin steel jacket can be described by a modeling without strain hardening sensitivity.

关键词： Full metal jacket ammunition Lateral ring compression Inverse identification Numerical simulation

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Effects of Andrade and Burgers rheologies on glacial isostatic adjustment modeling in Antarctica

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第5期 429-440页

作者： Alexandre Boughanemi anthony Mémin Université C?te d'Azur CNRS Observatoire de la C?te d'Azur IRD

Variations in ice mass deform the Earth and modify its gravity field, a process known as Glacial Isostatic Adjustment(GIA). GIA in Antarctica remains poorly constrained due to the cumulative effect of past and present ice-mass changes, the unknown history of the past ice-mass change, and the uncertainties on the mechanical properties of the Earth. This paper investigates the effect of using Andrade and Burgers viscoelastic rheologies, rather than the commonly used Maxwell rheology, to model GIA-induced deformation in Antarctica. The Love number and Green's function formalism are used to compute the radial surface displacements and the gravity changes induced by the past and present ice-mass changes. We consider an Earth model whose elastic properties and radial structure are averaged from the Preliminary Reference Earth Model and two viscosity profiles to account for the recently published results on the present ice-mass changes. Using the three rheological laws affects the temporal response of the Earth differently, leading to smaller discrepancies than those induced by the two viscosity structures. The differences are the largest between Maxwell and Burgers rheologies during the 100-1000 years following the beginning of the surface-mass change. Results show that using the Andrade and Burgers rheologies allows the Earth to respond on decennial to centennial time scales, up to 10 m more than Maxwell. Considering only the recent ice-mass changes, the deformation rates derived from Burgers and Andrade rheologies are several times larger than those estimated by Maxwell rheology.

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Post-transcriptional gene silencing, transcriptional gene silencing and human immunodeficiency virus

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World Journal of Virology 2015年第3期4卷 219-244页

作者： Catalina Méndez Chantelle L Ahlenstiel anthony d kelleher the Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity Wallace Wurth Building-Level 5Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales 2nd St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research

While human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1) infectionis controlled through continuous, life-long use of a combination of drugs targeting different steps of the virus cycle, HIV-1 is never completely eradicated from the body. despite decades of research there is still no effective vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infection. Therefore, the possibility of an RNA interference(RNAi)-based cure has become an increasingly explored approach. Endogenous gene expression is controlled at both, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by noncoding RNAs, which act through diverse molecular mechanisms including RNAi. RNAi has the potential to control the turning on/off of specific genes through transcriptional gene silencing(TGS), as well as finetuning their expression through post-transcriptional gene silencing(PTGS). In this review we will describe in detail the canonical RNAi pathways for PTGS and TGS, the relationship of TGS with other silencing mechanisms and will discuss a variety of approaches developed to suppress HIV-1 via manipulation of RNAi. We will briefly compare RNAi strategies against other approaches developed to target the virus, highlighting their potential to overcome the major obstacle to finding a cure, which is the specific targeting of the HIV-1 reservoir within latently infected cells.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus 1 RNA interference Reservoirs Epigenetics Latency Transcriptional gene silencing Post-transcriptional gene silencing

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The risk of prostate cancer on incidental finding of an avid prostate uptake on 2-deoxy-2-[^(18)F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for non-prostate cancer-related pathology:A single centre retrospective study

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 33-41页

作者： anthony Franklin Troy Gianduzzo Boon Kua david Wong Louise McEwan James Walters Rachel Esler Matthew J.Roberts Geoff Coughlina John W.Yaxley department of Urology The Wesley HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia Wesley Medical Research BrisbaneQLDAustralia School of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia department of Radiology Wesley Medical ImagingBrisbaneQLDAustralia department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Objective:To review the risk of prostate cancer(PCa)in men with incidentally reported increased intraprostatic uptake at 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(18F-FdG PET/CT)ordered at department of Urology,The Wesley Hospital,Brisbane,QLd,Australia for non-PCa related ***:Retrospective analysis of consecutive men between August 2014 and August 2019 presenting to a single institution for 18F-FdG PET/CT for non-prostate related conditions was *** were classified as benign,indeterminate,or malignant depending of the results of prostate-specific antigen(PSA),PSA velocity,biopsy histopathology,and three-Tesla(3 T)multiparametric MRI(mpMRI)Prostate Imaging Reporting and data System score,or gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen(68Ga-PSMA)PET/CT ***:Three percent(273/9122)of men demonstrated 18F-FdG avidity within the ***-five percent(231/273)were further investigated,including with PSA tests(227/231,98.3%),3 T mpMRI(68/231,29.4%),68Ga-PSMA PET/CT(33/231,14.3%),and prostate biopsy(57/231,24.7%).Results were considered benign in 130/231(56.3%),indeterminate in 31/231(13.4%),and malignant in 70/231(30.3%).PCa was identified in 51/57(89.5%)of the men who proceeded to biopsy,including 26/27(96.3%)men with Prostate Imaging Reporting and data System scores 4-5 mpMRI and six men with a positive 68Ga-PSMA PET/*** most common Gleason score on biopsy was greater than or equal to 4+5(14/51,27.5%).68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was concordant with the 18F-FdG findings in 26/33(78.8%).All 13 men with a positive concordant 18F-FdG,3 T mpMRI,and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT had PCa on *** was no statistically significant difference in the 18F-FdG maximum standardized uptake value between the benign or malignant groups(5.7 vs.6.1;p=0.580).Conclusion:In this study,after an incidental finding of an avid intraprostatic lesion on 18F-FdG PET/CT,70 of the 231 cases(30.3%;0.8%of the entire cohort)had results c

关键词： Prostatecancer Positionemission tomography Multiparametric magneticresonance imaging Prostatebiopsy

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Mapping and Floristic diversity of the Nakpadjouak Community Forest, Tami Canton, Togo (West Africa)

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Natural Resources 2024年第4期15卷 83-105页

作者： Senyo Kossi Ehlui Christian anthony-Krueger Edinam Kola Wouyo Atakpama Alagie Bah Henrik von Wehrden Tchaa Boukpessi West Africa Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use WASCAL University of the Gambia Banjul Gambia Laboratoire de Recherche sur la dynamique des Milieux et des Socié t&#233s Department of Geography University of Lom&#233 Lome Togo department of Science Education University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Laboratoire de Botanique et É cologie V&#233g&#233tale D&#233partement botanique Facult&#233 des sciences Universit&#233 de Lom&#233 Lome Togo West Africa Plant Red List Authority (WAPRLA) IUCN Species Survival Commission Gland Switzerland Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Faculty of Sustainability Center of Methods Leuphana University of L&#252neburg L&#252neburg Germany Laboratoire de Recherches Biogé ographiques et d&#8217Etudes Environnementales Department of Geography University of Lome Lome Togo

Since 2015, community forests have been promoted in Togo as an alternative to protect areas from degradation and as a means of contributing to forest landscape restoration. The study focuses on the Nakpadjouak Community Forest (NCF) in Tami (Togo, West Africa) which contributes to community forests sustainable management. It aims in (i) mapping forest ecosystems and analysing their dynamic and (ii) characterizing the floristic diversity of the NCF. The ecosystems were mapped and their dynamic was evaluated based on Google Earth images of 2014 and 2020. Floristic and forestry inventories were carried out using the transect technique in a sample of 20 plots of 50 m × 20 m. The NCF was made up mainly by wooded/shrub savannahs (95.37%) and croplands/fallow (4.63%) in 2014. These two land use types undergone changes over the 6 years prior to 2020. By 2020, the NCF had 3 land use types: wooded/shrub savannahs (77.59%), open forest/wooded savannahs (22.23%), and croplands/fallows (0.18%). A total of 89 plant species belonging to 70 genera and 28 families were recorded within the NCF. The dominant species are: Heteropogon contortus (L.) ***. and Combretum collinum Fresen. followed by Pteleopsissuberosa Engl. & diels, Annona senegalensis Pers. The most common species are: Lannea acida ***. s.l., A. senegalensis, Vitellaria paradoxa *** subsp. paradoxa, C. collinum and Acacia dudgeonii Craib ex Holland. due to its small area of just 40 hectares and its diverse plant life, this community forest of Savannahs Region is a significant biodiversity hotspot and warrants conservation efforts.

关键词： Community Forest Floristic diversity Land Use Change Biodiversity Hotspot Tami Savannah Region Togo

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Anthropogenic Threats to degraded Forest Land in the Savannahs’ Region of Togo from 1984 to 2020, West Africa

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 164-179页

作者： Kossi Senyo Ehlui Wouyo Atakpama Henrik von Wehrden Alagie Bah Edinam Kola Christian anthony-Krueger Hodabalo Egbelou Kokouvi Bruno Kokou Tchaa Boukpessi West Africa Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) University of the Gambia Banjul Gambia Laboratoire de Recherche sur la dynamique des Milieux et des Sociétés Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Botanique et écologie Végétale Département Botanique Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo West Africa Plant Red List Authority (WAPRLA) IUCN Species Survival Commission Gland Switzerland Faculty of Sustainability Center of Methods Leuphana University of Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Laboratoire de Recherche sur la dynamique des Milieux et des Sociétés (LARdYMES) Department of Geography FSHS University of Lomé Lome Togo department of Science Education University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Institut Togolais de Recherches Agronomiques (ITRA) Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Recherches Biogéographiques et d’Etudes Environnementales Department of Geography University of Lome Lome Togo

This study focuses on the landscape dynamics of the savannahs’ region in the far north of Togo. Based on a literature review and satellite images analysis using GIS and remote sensing, the study aims to ascertain the effects of anthropogenic threats on the forest coverage of the Savannahs’ Region between 1984 to 2020. The objective is to clarify the dynamics of land use in the region from 1984 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2020. The findings indicate a significant decline in forest coverage within the region from 1984 to 2020, a trend attributed to land use patterns. dry forests in the Savannah region are largely converted to farmlands, housing, dry savannahs or agroforestry parks, leading to a steady reduction in forest areas.

关键词： Forest degradation Land Use Land Cover Savannahs Region Togo

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Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis: A review of clinicopathologic hallmarks and multimodal imaging manifestations

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World Journal of Radiology 2024年第1期16卷 1-8页

作者： Bryce david Beutler Alastair E Moody Jerry Mathew Thomas Benjamin Phillip Sugar Mark B Ulanja daniel Antwi-Amoabeng Lucas anthony Tsikitas department of Radiology University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90033United States department of Anesthesiology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84132United States department of Internal Medicine Christus Ochsner St.Patrick HospitalLake CharlesLA 70601United States

Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis(NMdARE)is a rare immune-mediated neuroinflammatory condition characterized by the rapid onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms and autonomic *** mechanism of pathogenesis remains incompletely understood,but is thought to be related to antibodies targeting the GluN1 subunit of the NMdA receptor with resultant downstream dysregulation of dopaminergic *** adults are most frequently affected;the median age at diagnosis is 21 *** is a strong female predilection with a female sex predominance of 4:*** often develops as a paraneoplastic process and is most commonly associated with ovarian ***,NMdARE has also been described in patients with small cell lung cancer,clear cell renal carcinoma,and other benign and malignant *** is based on correlation of the clinical presentation,electro-encephalography,laboratory studies,and *** tomography,positron emission tomography,and magnetic resonance imaging are essential to identify an underlying tumor,exclude clinicopathologic mimics,and predict the likelihood of long-term functional *** imaging may be of value for prognostication and to assess the response to *** may involve high-dose corticosteroids,intravenous immunoglobulin,and plasma ***,we review the hallmark clinicopathologic features and imaging findings of this rare but potentially devastating condition and summarize diagnostic criteria,treatment regimens,and proposed pathogenetic mechanisms.

关键词： Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis Autoimmune encephalitis Encephalitis Ovarian teratoma Paraneoplastic syndrome Teratoma

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企业如何做到"既要又要"

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商业评论 2024年第2期 155-164页

作者：斯科特·安东尼(Scott d.anthony) 陈媛熙达特茅斯学院塔克商学院(Tuck School of Business Dartmouth Col-lege) Innosight增长战略咨询公司

作为公司领导者,我们总是要面对各种各样的选择.我们应该投资于A市场还是B市场?推出奢侈品还是大路货?为个人还是团队提供激励?是仅限于招收大学毕业生,还是物色虽无大学文凭但具备专业技能的人才?虽然在做出这些选择时需要慎重考虑,但...

作为公司领导者,我们总是要面对各种各样的选择.我们应该投资于A市场还是B市场?推出奢侈品还是大路货?为个人还是团队提供激励?是仅限于招收大学毕业生,还是物色虽无大学文凭但具备专业技能的人才?虽然在做出这些选择时需要慎重考虑,但它们从本质上来说是简单明了的.

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