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Benefits of past inventory data as prior information for the current inventory

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第2期7卷 263-273页

作者： annika kangas Terje Gobakken Erik Næsset Bioeconomy and Environment Natural Resources Institute Luke(Finland)Yliopistokatu 680100 JoensuuFinland Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesP.O.Box 5003NO-1432ÅsNorway.

Background:When auxiliary information in the form of airborne laser scanning(ALS)is used to assist in estimating the population parameters of interest,the benefits of prior information from previous inventories are not *** a simulation study,we compared three different approaches:1)using only current data,2)using nonupdated old data and current data in a composite estimator and 3)using updated old data and current data with a Kalman *** also tested three different estimators,namely i)Horwitz-Thompson for a case of no auxiliary information,ii)model-assisted estimation and iii)model-based *** compared these methods in terms of bias,precision and accuracy,as estimators utilizing prior information are not guaranteed to be ***:The largest standard errors were obtained when neither prior information nor auxiliary information were *** a growth model was not applied to update the old data,the resulting composite estimators were *** RMSEs were obtained using non-updated prior information in a composite *** the ALS data as auxiliary information produced smaller RMSE than using prior information from the old *** smallest RMSEs were obtained when both the auxiliary data and updated old data were *** growth updating the bias can be substantially reduced,although design-unbiasedness of the estimator cannot be ***:Prior information from old inventory data can be useful also when combined with highly accurate auxiliary information,when both data sources are efficiently *** benefits obtained from using the old data will increase if the past harvests can be detected without errors from changes in the auxiliary data instead of being predicted with models.

关键词： Data fusion Kalman filtering

Predicting stand age in managed forests using National Forest Inventory field data and airborne laser scanning

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 579-589页

作者： Matti Maltamo Hermanni Kinnunen annika kangas Lauri Korhonen University of Eastern Finland School of Forest SciencesP.O.Box 11180101JoensuuFinland Natural Resources Institute Finland Bioeconomy and EnvironmentP.O.Box 6880100JoensuuFinland

Background: The aim of this study was to construct a nationwide stand age model by using National Forest Inventory(NFI) data and nationwide airborne laser scanning(ALS) data. In plantation forestry, age is usually *** this is not the case in boreal managed forests, age is still seldom predicted in forest management *** age accurately in situ is also very laborious. On the other hand, tree age is one of the accurately measured sample tree attributes in NFI field data. Many countries also have a nationwide coverage of airborne laser scanning(ALS) data. In this study, we merged these data sources and constructed a nationwide, area-based model for stand ***: While constructing the model, we omitted old forests from the data, since the correlation between ALS height metrics and stand age diminished at stands with age > 100 years. Additionally, the effect of growth conditions was considerable, so we also utilized different geographical and NFI variables such as site fertility and soil type in the modeling. The resultant nationwide model for the stand age of managed forests yielded a root mean square error(RMSE) of about 14 years. The model could be improved further by additional forest structure variables, but such information may not be available in ***: The results showed that the prediction of stand age by ALS, geographical and NFI information was challenging, but stil possible with moderate success. This study is an example of the joint use of NFI and nationwide ALS data and re-use of NFI data in research.

关键词： Forest stock age LiDAR NFI Nationwide model Growth conditions

Comparison of the local pivotal method and systematic sampling for national forest inventories

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 716-732页

作者： Minna Räty Mikko Kuronen Mari Myllymäki annika kangas Kai Mäkisara Juha Heikkinen Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) PO Box 2FI-00791 HelsinkiFinland. Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) Yliopistokatu 6FI-80100 JoensuuFinland

Background:The local pivotal method(LPM)utilizing auxiliary data in sample selection has recently been proposed as a sampling method for national forest inventories(NFIs).Its performance compared to simple random sampling(SRS)and LPM with geographical coordinates has produced promising results in simulation *** this simulation study we compared all these sampling methods to systematic *** LPM samples were selected solely using the coordinates(LPMxy)or,in addition to that,auxiliary remote sensing-based forest variables(RS variables).We utilized field measurement data(NFI-field)and Multi-Source NFI(MS-NFI)maps as target data,and independent MS-NFI maps as auxiliary *** designs were compared using relative efficiency(RE);a ratio of mean squared errors of the reference sampling design against the studied *** a method in NFI also requires a proven estimator for the ***,three different variance estimators were evaluated against the empirical variance of replications:1)an estimator corresponding to SRS;2)a Grafström-Schelin estimator repurposed for LPM;and 3)a Matérn estimator applied in the Finnish NFI for systematic sampling ***:The LPMxy was nearly comparable with the systematic design for the most target *** REs of the LPM designs utilizing auxiliary data compared to the systematic design varied between 0.74–1.18,according to the studied target *** SRS estimator for variance was expectedly the most biased and conservative ***,the Grafström-Schelin estimator gave overestimates in the case of *** the RS variables were utilized as auxiliary data,the Grafström-Schelin estimates tended to underestimate the empirical *** systematic sampling the Matérn and Grafström-Schelin estimators performed for practical purposes ***:LPM optimized for a specific variable tended to be more efficient than systematic sampling,but all of the considered LPM designs were

关键词： Auxiliary data Bias Local pivotal method Matérn estimator National forest inventory Sampling efficiency Simple random sampling Spatially balanced sampling Systematic sampling Variance

Optimization of residence time distribution in RCDG and an assessment of its applicability in continuous manufacturing

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Particuology 2021年第3期19卷 43-49页

作者： annika Wilms Peter Kleinebudde Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Institute of Pharmaceutics and BiopharmaceuticsUniversitätsstraße 140225 DüsseldorfGermany INVITE GmbH Drug Delivery Innovation Center(DDIC)Chempark Building W3251368 LeverkusenGermany

Knowledge of residence time is a critical aspect in developing control and material diversion strategies for continuous manufacturing processes in pharmaceutical *** granulation is a promising continuous granulation technique as it is fast and *** this study,a step-change method to determine residence time in roll compaction/dry granulation is *** factors roll speed and rotational speed of the impeller in the powder inlet unit of the compactor were evaluated using a central composite circumscribed statistical design of experiments in order to optimize the residence *** fill volume in the compactor was varied *** was found that high roll speed,low rotational speed of the impeller and low fill volume in the compactor are beneficial to generate fast transition through the *** impact of roll speed increase was *** can be concluded that despite fast residence time in the process,high roll speed and its subsequent high material throughput can generate a large amount of material that has to be discarded if material diversion is required.

关键词： Roll compaction/dry granulation Residence time distribution Continuous manufacturing Digital image analysis Response surface optimization

Indicators and tools for assessing sustainability impacts of the forest bioeconomy

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第2期4卷 103-122页

作者： Jaakko Karvonen Pradipta Halder Jyrki kangas Pekka Leskinen Finnish Environment Institute Yliopistokatu 780100 JoensuuFinland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article University of Eastern Finland Faculty of Science and ForestrySchool of Forest SciencesP.O.Box 11180101 JoensuuFinland

The sustainable use of renewable resources has become an important issue worldwide in the move towards a less fossil-fuel-intensive *** method for fulfilling this aim is to increase the share of renewable energy and materials to substitute fossil fuels and to become fully independent from fossil fuels over the ***, the environmental sustainability of this endeavor has been *** addition,economic and social sustainability issues are also much debated topics in this particular *** resources are often thought to contribute partially to achieving a so-called ＂carbon-neutral society＂.In this review, we discuss sustainability issues of using forest *** present several sustainability indicators for ecological,economic and social dimensions and discuss the issues in applying them in sustainability impact assessments（SIAs）.We also present a number of tools and methods previously used in conducting *** approach our study from the perspective of the Finnish forestry; in addition, various aspects regarding the application of SIAs in a broader context are also *** of the key conclusions of the study is that although sufficient data are available to measure many indicators accurately, the impacts may be very difficult to assess（*** of greenhouse gases on biodiversity） for conducting a holistic ***, some indicators, such as ＂biodiversity＂, are difficult to quantify in the first ***, a mix of different methods, such as Multi-criteria Assessment, Life-cycle Assessment or Cost-Benefit Analysis, as well as different approaches（*** and strong/weak sustainability） are needed in aggregating the results of the *** are important in supporting and improving the acceptability of decision-making, but a certain degree of uncertainty will always have to be tolerated.

关键词： Forest bioeconomy Sustainability Indicators Impact assessment Decision support

Physical activity responsive miRNAs-Potential mediators of training responses in human skeletal muscle?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2013年第2期2卷 101-103页

作者： Reeta kangas Eija Pllnen Gerontology Research Center Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Jyvaskyla

*** basics of miRNA-mediated regulation The plasticity of skeletal muscle is of utmost importance for responding to and coping with environmental demands that emerge from changes in physical activity patterns,nourishment, hormonal status,and *** is well known,a sedentary lifestyle,aging,immobilization,and chronic diseases are associated with reduced muscle mass and function,while regular exercise improves muscle function and reduces the rate of decrement throughout ***,we do not have a complete understanding of the molecular factors controlling skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise *** identified microRNA molecules(miRNAs) have rapidly

关键词： miRNAs 肌肉人体骨骼动响应 microRNA 体力反应训练

A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Plate Martensite Formation in High-carbon Low Alloy Steels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第4期29卷 373-379页

作者： Albin Stormvinter Peter Hedstrm annika Borgenstam Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Industrial Engineering and ManagementKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44 StockholmSweden

The martensitic microstructures in two high-carbon low alloy steels have been investigated by classical and automated crystallographic analysis under a transmission electron microscope. It is found that the martensitic substructure changes from consisting mostly of transformation twins for 1.20 mass% carbon （C） steel to both transformation twins and planar defects on {101}M for 1.67 mass% C steel. In the 1.67 mass% C steel it is further found that small martensite units have a rather homogeneous substructure, while large martensite units are more inhomogeneous. In addition, the martensite units in both steels are frequently found to be of zigzag patterns and have distinct crystallographic relationships with neighboring martensite units, e.g. kink or wedge couplings. Based on the present findings the development of martensite in high-carbon low alloy steels is discussed and a schematic of the martensite formation is presented. Moreover, whether the schematic view can be applied to plate martensite formation in general, is discussed.

关键词： Transmission electron microscopy High-carbon low alloy steel Plate martensite

Lymph node staging in colorectal cancer:Old controversies and recent advances

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8515-8526页

作者： annika Resch Cord Langner Institute of Pathology Medical University of Graz

Outcome prediction based on tumor stage reflected by the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control(UICC)tumor node metastasis(TNM)system is currently regarded as the strongest prognostic parameter for patients with colorectal *** affected patients,the indication for adjuvant therapy is mainly guided by the presence of regional lymph node *** addition to the extent of surgical lymph node removal and the thoroughness of the pathologist in dissecting the resection specimen,several parameters that are related to the pathological work-up of the dissected nodes may affect the clinical significance of lymph node *** include changing definitions of lymph nodes,involved lymph nodes,and tumor deposits in different editions of the AJCC/UICC TNM system as well as the minimum number of nodes to be *** to increase the lymph node yield in the fatty tissue include methylene blue injection and acetone *** prediction based on the lymph node ratio,defined as the number of positive lymph nodes divided by the total number of retrieved nodes,may be superior to the absolute numbers of involved *** invasion has been identified as additional prognostic *** step sectioning and immunohistochemistry to the pathological work-up may result in higher accuracy of histological *** clinical value of more recent technical advances,such as sentinel lymph node biopsy and molecular analysis of lymph nodes tissue still remains to be defined.

关键词： Colon cancer Rectum cancer Tumor stag-ing Lymph node metastasis Prognosis Sentinel lymph node Lymph node ratio Extracapsular invasion Im-munohistochemistry Molecular analysis

Smoking prevalence in the area of responsibility of the German Ministry of Defense——results of the employee survey in the context of occupational health management

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Military Medical Research 2020年第3期7卷 343-349页

作者： Stefan Sammito annika Claus Dirk-Matthias Rose Department I 3 Research&Development Air Force Centre of Aerospace MedicineCologneGermany Occupational Medicine Faculty of MedicineOtto-von-Guericke-University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany Institute for Teachers’Health Institute of OccupationalSocial and Environmental Medicine of the Johannes-Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany

Background:Tobacco use,correlated with reduced physical fitness,is one of the leading causes of avoidable death *** increases the risk of dementia and can shorten the lifespan by 10 *** the German Armed Forces(Bundeswehr),figures on smoking behavior have not been comprehensively *** study analyzes current data in a large sample from this ***:Based on an employee survey as part of the Occupational Health Management System,data on smoking behavior from 13,326 participants were analyzed in relation to age,gender,professional status,education level and membership in military operational units versus other ***:Smoking behavior varied significantly(Polder),gender,professional status,military agency membership status,and education level(the lower the education level,the higher the smoking rates).With the exception of the downward trend in smoking behavior with increasing age among civilian employees,these results were all significant(P<0.005).Conclusions:This data analysis shows that smoking prevalence among personnel in the area of responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Defense is comparable to the current data from corresponding surveys of the German *** on gender,they generally show values that are slightly above those of the German *** well-known trend in the general population of decreasing smoking prevalence with increasing age is also seen in this ***,there are considerable differences in the smoking prevalence among individual subgroups(professional status,agency,gender,education level).The data show that particular young soldiers in the armed forces should be the target group for further preventive measures.

关键词： Prevention Smoking Military Health promotion