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Modelling of Non-coaxial Viscoplastic Deformation in Geodynamics

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2014年第8期8卷 1017-1025页

作者： Hans B. Muhlhaus Louise olsen-Kettle Jingyu Shi Louis Moresi School of Earth Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia School of Mathematical Sciences Monash University Clayton 3800 Australia School of Geosciences Monash University Clayton 3800 Australia

The formation of shear bands for time and length scales appropriate for deformation processes in the upper Lithosphere is investigated in plane strain finite element simulations under predominantly uniaxial extension and compression, respectively. The direction of gravity is assumed orthogonal to the extension/compression axis. Mathematically, the formation of shear zones may be explained as a consequence of changes in the type of the governing model equations. Such changes or bifurcations depend strongly on the details of the constitutive relationships such as strain softening, thermal or chemical effects, associated or non-associated--coaxial or non-coaxial flow rules. Here we focus on strain softening and coaxial and non-coaxial flow rules. In the simulations, we consider an initially rectangular domain with the dimensions Lo, Ho in the horizontal, vertical directions, respectively. The domain is extended or compressed by prescribing a uniform, horizontal velocity field along one of the vertical boundaries while keeping the opposite boundary fixed. An important global descriptor of the deformation process is the relationship between the horizontal stress resultant （average horizontal stress） and the strain ln（L/Lo）, where L is the deformed length of the domain. The main goal of this paper is to investigate key factors influencing the phenomenology of the localization process such as flow rule, coaxial, non-coaxial and strain softening. Different origins of the mesh sensitivity of deformations involving localization are also investigated.

关键词： Shearing band non-coaxiality softening viscous plastic materials

Immune regulatory properties of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells:Where do we stand?

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2011年第1期3卷 1-8页

作者： ênio José Bassi Carlos Alberto Mayora Aita Niels olsen Saraiva Camara Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology Department of Immunology Universidade of So Paulo Centro de Ciências Biológi-cas e da Saúde Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can be isolated and efficiently expanded from almost every single body tissue and have the ability of self-renewal and differentiation into various mesodermal cell lineages. Moreover, these cells are considered immunologically privileged, related to a lack of surface expression of costimulatory molecules required for complete T cell activation. Recently, it has been observed that MSC are capable of suppressing the immune response by inhibiting the maturation of dendritic cells and suppressing the function of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and natural killer cells in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as a new strategy for immunosuppression. The understanding of immune regulation mechanisms by MSC is necessary for their use as immunotherapy in clinical applications for several diseases.

关键词： Immunosuppression Mesenchymal stem cell Immune system Inflammation Autoimmune disease

The Metabolic Response of Arabidopsis Roots to Oxidative Stress is Distinct from that of Heterotrophic Cells in Culture and Highlights a Complex Relationship between the Levels of Transcripts, Metabolites, and Flux

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 390-406页

作者： Martin Lehmann Markus Schwarzlander Toshihiro Obata Supaart Sirikantaramas Meike Burow Carl Erik olsen Takayuki Tohge Mark D. Fricker Birger Lindberg Moiler Alisdair R. Fernie Lee J. Sweetlove Miriam Laxa Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology Am M0hlenberg 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK Plant Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology and VKR Research Centre for Pro-Active Plants University of Copenhagen 40 Thorvaldsensvei DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark

Metabolic adjustments are a significant, but poorly understood, part of the response of plants to oxidative stress. In a previous study （Baxter et al., 2007）, the metabolic response of Arabidopsis cells in culture to induction of oxidative stress by menadione was characterized. An emergency survival strategy was uncovered in which anabolic primary metabolism was largely down-regulated in favour of catabolic and antioxidant metabolism. The response in whole plant tissues may be different and we have therefore investigated the response of Arabidopsis roots to menadione treatment, analyzing the transcriptome, metabolome and key metabolic fluxes with focus on primary as well as secondary metabolism. Using a redox-sensitive GFP, it was also shown that menadione causes redox perturbation, not just in the mitochondrion, but also in the cytosol and plastids of roots. In the first 30 min of treatment, the response was similar to the cell culture： there was a decrease in metabolites of the TCA cycle and amino acid biosynthesis and the transcriptomic response was dominated by up-regulation of DNA regulatory proteins. After 2 and 6 h of treatment, the response of the roots was different to the cell culture. Metabolite levels did not remain depressed, but instead recovered and, in the case of pyruvate, some amino acids and aliphatic glucosinolates showed a steady increase above control levels. However, no major changes in fluxes of central carbon metabolism were observed and metabolic transcripts changed largely independently of the corresponding metabolites. Together, the results suggest that root tissues can recover metabolic activity after oxidative inhibition and highlight potentially important roles for glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway.

关键词： Carbon metabolism oxidative and photo oxidative stress secondary metabolism phenylpropanoids and phenolics root biology Arabidopsis.

Effect of Antimicrobial Edible Films on the Sensory and Physical Properties of Organic Spinach in Salad Bags

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第2期12卷 176-193页

作者： Kamini Joshi Patricia Sparks Mendel Friedman Carl olsen Tara McHugh Sadhana Ravishankar School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA Accelerate Diagnostics Tucson AZ USA Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA USDA-ARS-Western Regional Research Center Healthy Processed Foods Research Albany CA USA

The effects of antimicrobial edible films containing carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde on organic baby spinach were determined via sensory analysis and changes in physical properties. Edible films made from pulp of hibiscus, apple, or carrot containing carvacrol or cinnamaldehyde at 0.5%, 1.5%, or 3% concentrations were added to organic baby spinach in plastic bags. These bags were stored at 4°C for 20-24h before performing sensory evaluation and measuring changes in physical properties. A randomized block design with an affective test was used. Preference liking was evaluated based on a 9-point hedonic scale for aroma, color, freshness, mouthfeel, flavor, and overall acceptability. Additionally, panelists quantified each sample using a 5-point hedonic scale for pungency, browning, bitterness, off-odor, and sourness. The color and texture of spinach samples were measured. Edible films containing cinnamaldehyde had the highest preference liking based on aroma, color, freshness, mouthfeel, flavor, and overall acceptability than those containing carvacrol and were the most likely to be purchased by panelists;therefore, cinnamaldehyde can potentially be used as an alternative sanitization option. There were no significant (p ≤ 0.05) changes in firmness or color values between spinach treated with antimicrobial films and controls. The results provide the produce industry with options for incorporating antimicrobial films into salad bags without influencing the physical or sensory properties of baby spinach.

关键词： Edible Films Plant Antimicrobials Sensory Analysis Organic Baby Spinach Texture Analysis Color Measurements

Phosphorus Mass Balance of the Illinois River Watershed in Arkansas and Oklahoma

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第6期5卷 591-603页

作者： Bernard Engel Meagan Smith John Berton Fisher Roger olsen Laurent Ahiablame Alexander Consulting 5802 South 129th East Avenue Tulsa USA CDM Inc. 1331 17th Street Denver USA Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette USA Lithochimeia Inc. 110 West 7th St. Tulsa USA

Water quality degradation in the Illinois River Watershed (IRW) has been linked to excess nutrients, primarily phosphorus (P). A mass balance study was performed on the IRW in Oklahoma and Arkansas to quantify the magnitude of P entering the watershed between the closure of Lake Tenkiller’s dam in 1954 to 2006. Results showed that a substantial mass of P was, and is, being imported into the watershed relative to the mass of P leaving the watershed. The study demonstrated that poultry production has been the major contributor of P imported to the watershed since 1964, and is currently responsible for more than 76% of the net annual P additions to the IRW. Between 1949 and 2002, more than 200,000 tonnes of P was added to the IRW. A P delivery ratio for the IRW was computed from the mass balance results and observed loads indicating that 4% of annual P applied to the IRW landscape reached Lake Tenkiller between 1999 and 2006. Allocation of P loads from 1949 to 2002 to Lake Tenkiller computed with the delivery ratio showed that wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges were responsible for more than 50% of P reaching Lake Tenkiller in 1949, followed by dairy cattle (32% of loads). Poultry contribution to P reaching Lake Tenkiller was 5% in 1949 but increased rapidly to become the largest source in 1969 at approximately 49%, and in 2002 at 54%. Both dairy and WWTP portions of the loads declined from 1949 levels with less than 4% attributable to dairy and less than 34% assigned to WWTP in 2002.

关键词： Phosphorus Nonpoint Source Pollution Lake Watershed

uPAR promotes tumor-like biologic behaviors of fibroblast-like synoviocytes through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第2期15卷 171-181页

作者： Yan Liu Yun Feng Pan You-qiu Xue Lin-kai Fang Xing-hua Guo Xin Guo Meng Liu Bi-yao Mo Meng-ru Yang Fang Liu Yun-ting Wu Nancy olsen Song Guo Zheng Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal MedicineThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China Department of Clinical Immunology The Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal MedicineThe Second People’s Hospital of Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhou510310China Division of Neurology Department of Internal MedicineThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China Division of Rheumatology Department of MedicinePenn State Milton S.Hershey Medical CenterHershey17033PAUSA

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor(uPAR),is a multifunctional receptor on cell surface,widely present in endothelial cells,fibroblasts,and a variety of malignant *** studies have suggested that uPAR overexpressed on synovial tissues or in synovial fluid or plasma in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).However,there are limited researches regarding the role of uPAR on fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis(RA-FLSs)and its underlying ***,our studies show that the expression of uPAR protein was significantly higher in fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLSs)from RA than those from osteoarthritis or traumatic injury *** gene silencing significantly inhibited RA-FLSs cell proliferation,restrained cell transformation from the G0/G1 phase to S phase,aggravated cell apoptosis,interfered with RA-FLSs cell migration and invasion,and reduced activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,which may be associated withβ*** supernatants from uPAR gene-silenced RA-FLSs markedly inhibited the migration and tubule formation ability of the HUVECs(a human endothelial cell line).Therefore,we demonstrate that uPAR changes the biological characteristics of RA-FLSs,and affects neoangiogenesis of synovial tissues in patients with *** of these may be associated with theβ1-integrin/PI3K/Akt signaling *** results imply that targeting uPAR and its downstream signal pathway may provide therapeutic effects in RA.

关键词： angiogenesis cell viability fibroblast-like synoviocytes rheumatoid arthritis uPAR

Unfolding the complexity of phonon quasi-particle physics in disordered materials

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1620-1627页

作者： Sai Mu Raina J.olsen Biswanath Dutta Lucas Lindsay German D.Samolyuk Tom Berlijn Eliot D.Specht Ke Jin Hongbin Bei Tilmann Hickel Bennet C.Larson George M.Stocks Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH D-40237 DüsseldorfGermany Center of Nanophase and Material Science Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Computational Science and Engineering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Materials Department University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

The concept of quasi-particles forms the theoretical basis of our microscopic understanding of emergent phenomena associated with quantum-mechanical many-body ***,the quasi-particle theory in disordered materials has proven difficult,resulting in the predominance of mean-field ***,we report first-principles phonon calculations and inelastic X-ray and neutron-scattering measurements on equiatomic alloys(NiCo,NiFe,AgPd,and NiFeCo)with force-constant dominant disorder—confronting a key 50-year-old assumption in the Hamiltonian of all mean-field quasi-particle solutions for off-diagonal *** results have revealed the presence of a large,and heretofore unrecognized,impact of local chemical environments on the distribution of the species-pair-resolved force-constant disorder that can dominate phonon *** discovery not only identifies a critical analysis issue that has broad implications for other elementary excitations,such as magnons and skyrmions in magnetic alloys,but also provides an important tool for the design of materials with ultralow thermal conductivities.

关键词： alloys particle phonon

Genomic prediction of the performance of hybrids and the combining abilities for line by tester trials in maize

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The Crop Journal 2022年第1期10卷 109-116页

作者： Ao Zhang Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez Felix San Vicente Natalia Palacios-Rojas Thanda Dhliwayo Yubo Liu Zhenhai Cui Yuan Guan Hui Wang Hongjian Zheng Michael olsen Boddupalli M.Prasanna Yanye Ruan Jose Crossa Xuecai Zhang College of Biological Science and Technology Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866LiaoningChina b International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) El BatanTexcoco 56237Mexico CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai 200063China Colegio de Postgraduados Estado De MéxicoMexico Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai 200063China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) P.O.Box 1041Village MarketNairobi 00621Kenya

The two most important activities in maize breeding are the development of inbred lines with high values of general combining ability(GCA)and specific combining ability(SCA),and the identification of hybrids with high yield *** selection(GS)is a promising genomic tool to perform selection on the untested breeding material based on the genomic estimated breeding values estimated from the genomic prediction(GP).In this study,GP analyses were carried out to estimate the performance of hybrids,GCA,and SCA for grain yield(GY)in three maize line-by-tester trials,where all the material was phenotyped in 10 to 11 multiple-location trials and genotyped with a mid-density molecular marker *** showed that the prediction abilities for the performance of hybrids ranged from 0.59 to0.81 across all trials in the model including the additive effect of lines and *** the model including both additive and non-additive effects,the prediction abilities for the performance of hybrids were improved and ranged from 0.64 to 0.86 across all *** prediction abilities of the GCA for GY were low,ranging between-0.14 and 0.13 across all trials in the model including only inbred lines;the prediction abilities of the GCA for GY were improved and ranged from 0.49 to 0.55 across all trials in the model including both inbred lines and testers,while the prediction abilities of the SCA for GY were negative across all *** prediction abilities for GY between testers varied from-0.66 to 0.82;the performance of hybrids between testers is difficult to *** offers the opportunity to predict the performance of new hybrids and the GCA of new inbred lines based on the molecular marker information,the total breeding cost could be reduced dramatically by phenotyping fewer multiple-location trials.

关键词： Maize Genomic selection Line-By-Tester General combining ability Specific combining ability

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AgCam传感器平场校正

中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版） 2010年第9期40卷 137-141页

作者：窦长勇张晓东 Doug olsen 贺明霞中国海洋大学海洋遥感教育部重点试验室山东青岛266003 中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心北京100012 University of North Dakota the Northern Great Plains Center for People and the Environment Grand ForksND USA 58202-9011

平场校正对获得高质量的遥感图像起着非常关键的作用。针对利用商业相机开发的传感器需要进行平场校正的问题,提出对Agriculture Camera(AgCam)传感器的平场校正方法。应用AgCam的定标实验数据分别得到传感器CCD阵列的暗电流(Dark Curre... 详细信息

平场校正对获得高质量的遥感图像起着非常关键的作用。针对利用商业相机开发的传感器需要进行平场校正的问题,提出对Agriculture Camera(AgCam)传感器的平场校正方法。应用AgCam的定标实验数据分别得到传感器CCD阵列的暗电流(Dark Current),渐晕效应(Vegnitting Effect)和光电响应(Quantum Efficiency)的校正系数。AgCam的定标实验数据和实际拍摄图像处理结果表明,该方法能够有效地对AgCam的平场效应进行校正。

关键词：平场校正光电响应渐晕效应最小二乘拟合国际空间站