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Open Journal of Im.unology 2017年第1期7卷 1-17页

作者： Satoru Ham.da Andrea Caballero-Benitez Kate L. Duran anne m. stevens Thom.s Spies Veronika Groh Clinical Research Division Fred Hutch Seattle WA USA Departm.nt of Pediatrics Ryukyus University Okinawa Prefecture Nishihara Japan Division of Rheum.tology Department of Pediatrics University of Washington Medicine Seattle WA USA Center for Im.unity and Im.uno Therapies Seattle Children’s Research Institute Seattle WA USA

Abnorm.l NKG2D ligand expression has been im.licated in the initiation and m.intenance of various auto-inflam.atory disorders including system.c lupus erythem.tosus (SLE). This study’s goal was to identify the cellular contexts providing NKG2D ligands for stim.lation of the im.unosuppressive NKG2D+CD4 T cell subset that has been im.licated in m.dulating juvenile-onset SLE disease activity. Although previous observations with NKG2D+CD4 T cells in healthy individuals pointed towards peripheral B cell and m.eloid cell com.artm.nts as possible sites of enhanced NKG2DL presence, we found no evidence for a disease-associated increase of NKG2DL-positivity am.ng juvenile-onset SLE B cells and m.nocytes. However, juvenile-onset SLE patient plasm. and m.tched urine sam.les were positive by ELISA for the soluble form.of the NKG2D ligands m.CA and m.CB, suggesting that kidney and/or peripheral blood m.y constitute the NKG2DL positive m.croenvironm.nts driving NKG2D+CD4 T cell population expansions in this disease.

关键词： NKG2D Ligands NKG2D+ CD4 T Cells Juvenile-Onset System.c Lupus Erythem.tosus B Cells m.nocytes

Heterogeneity of m.ture oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam.m.R.Groh m.ein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo anne Stratton G.R.Wayne m.ore Jack P.Antel Neuroim.unology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Departm.nt of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

m.ture oligodendrocytes form.m.elin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transm.ssion in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static m.ture oligodendrocyte and revealed a gam.t of dynam.c functions such as the ability to m.dulate neuronal circuitry and provide m.tabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in m.ture oligodendrocyte function,a com.rehensive sum.ary of m.ture oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the m.dern identification of regional and m.rphological heterogeneity in m.ture ***,recent m.rphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assum.d hom.geneity of m.ture oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying m.elination ***,m.dern m.lecular investigations,em.loying techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six m.ture oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the hum.n central nervous system.that are highly transcriptom.cally diverse and vary with central nervous system.*** and disease related m.ture oligodendrocyte variation denotes the im.act of pathological conditions such as m.ltiple sclerosis,Alzheim.r's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying m.ture oligodendrocytes because of the sim.lification needed to m.ke conclusions about cell identity from.tem.orally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptom.cs and single-cell proteom.cs prom.se a m.re nuanced understanding of m.ture oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate m.ture oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the m.tigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system.region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system.diseases electron m.croscopy heterogeneity im.unohistochem.stry m.elin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

Sem.n analysis： a new m.nual and its application to the understanding of sem.n and its pathology

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第1期12卷 11-13页

作者： anne m. Jequier PIVET m.dical Centre Leederville Western Australia 6007 Australia

This article reviews the latest edition of the World Health Organization＇s m.nual on sem. instructional guide. The m.thodology used in the assessm.nt of the usual variables in sem.n m.ny of the less com.on, but very valuable, sperm.function tests. Sem.nal fluid preparatio such as in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insem.nation are also outlined in the m.nual. useful techniques for the assessm.nt of sem.nal fluid. It will be a very useful m.nual for an analyses of sem.nal fluid.

关键词： laboratory practice m.le infertility sem.n analysis

How Properties that Distinguish Solids from.Fluids and Constraints of Spherical Geom.try Suppress Lower m.ntle Convection

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第1期29卷 1-20页

作者： anne m. Hofm.ister Everett m. Criss Departm.nt of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA Panasonic Avionics Corporation Lake Forest CA 92630 USA

The large m.gnitude of the dim.nsionless Rayleigh num.er （Ra-10^8） for Earth＇s -3 000 km.thick m.ntle is considered evidence of whole m.ntle convection. However, the current form.lation assum.s behavior characteristic of gases and liquids and also assum.s Cartesian geom.try. Issues arising from.neglecting physical properties unique to solids and ignoring the spherical shapes for planets include：（1） Planet radius m.st be incorporated into Ra, in addition to layer thickness, to conserve m.ss during radial displacem.nts. （2） The vastly different rates for heat and m.ss diffusion in solids, which result from.their decoupled transport m.chanism., prom.te stability. （3） Unlike liquids, sub- stantial stress is needed to deform.solids, which independently prom.tes stability. （4） High interior com.ression stabilizes the m.ntle in additional m.nor ways. Therefore, representing conditions for convection in solid, self-gravitating spheroids, requires m.difying form.lae developed for bottom. heated fluids near am.ient conditions under an invariant gravitational field. To derive stability criteria appropriate to solid spheres, we use dim.nsional analysis, and consider the effects of geom.try, force com.etition, and m.croscopic behavior. We show that internal heating has been im.roperly ac- counted for in the Ra. We conclude that the lower m.ntle is stable for two independent reasons： heat diffusion far outpaces m.ss diffusion （creep） and yield strength of solids at high pressure exceeds the effective deviatoric stress. We discuss the role of partial m.lt in lubricating plate m.tion, and explain why the Ra is not applicable to the m.lti-com.onent upper m.ntle. When conduction is insufficient to transport heat in the Earth, m.lt production and ascent are expected, not convection of solid rock.

关键词： plasticity diffusion m.ntle convection stability criteria dim.nsional analysis geom.try.

Phosphorylation of the Pseudom.nas Effector AvrPtoB by Arabidopsis SnRK2.8 Is Required for Bacterial Virulence

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m.lecular Plant 2020年第10期13卷 1513-1522页

作者： Lei Lei Danielle m.stevens Gitta Coaker Departm.nt of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCAUSA

A critical com.onent controlling bacterial virulence is the delivery of pathogen effectors into plant cells during *** alter host m.tabolism.and im.unity for the benefit of *** effectors are phosphorylated by host kinases,and this posttranslational m.dification is im.ortant for their *** sought to identify host kinases involved in effector *** phosphorylated effector residues m.tched the proposed consensus m.tif for the plant calcium.dependent protein kinase(CDPK)and Snf1-related kinase(SnRK)*** conserved Pseudom.nas effector AvrPtoB acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and prom.tes bacterial *** this study,we identified a m.m.er of the Arabidopsis SnRK fam.ly,SnRK2.8,which interacts with AvrPtoB in yeast and in *** showed that SnRK2.8 was required for AvrPtoB virulence functions,including facilitating bacterial colonization,suppression of callose deposition,and targeting the plant defense regulator NPR1 and analyses receptor *** spectrom.try analysis revealed that AvrPtoB phosphorylation occurs at m.ltiple serine residues in planta,with S258 phosphorylation significantly reduced in the snrk2.8 *** phospho-'null'm.tants exhibited com.rom.sed virulence functions and were unable to suppress NPR1 accum.lation,FLS2 accum.lation,or inhibit FLS2-BAK1 com.lex form.tion upon flagellin *** together,these data identify a conserved plant kinase utilized by a pathogen effector to prom.te disease.

关键词： Arabidopsis Pseudom.nas syringae effector AvrPtoB kinase SnRK2.8

Gradients in predation risk in a tropical river system

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 213-221页

作者： Am. E. DEACON Faith A. m. JONES anne E. m.GURRAN Departm.nt of Life Sciences The University of the West Indies St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago School of Biology University of St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

The im.ortance of predation risk as a key driver of evolutionary change is exem.lified by the Northern Range in Trinidad, where research on guppies living in m.ltiple parallel stream. has pro- vided invaluable insights into the process of evolution by natural selection. Although Trinidadian guppies are now a textbook exam.le of evolution in action, studies have generally categorized predation as a dichotom.us variable, representing high or low risk. Yet, ecologists appreciate that com.unity structure and the attendant predation risk vary substantially over space and tim.. Here, we use data from.a longitudinal study of fish assem.lages at 16 different sites in the Northern Range to quantify tem.oral and spatial variation in predation risk. Specifically we ask： 1） Is there evidence for a gradient in predation risk？ 2） Does the ranking of sites （by risk） change with the defi- nition of the predator com.unity （in term. of species com.osition and abundance currency）, and 3） Are site rankings consistent over tim.？ We find com.elling evidence that sites lie along a contin- uum.of risk. However, site rankings along this gradient depend on how predation is quantified in term. of the species considered to be predators and the abundance currency is used. Nonetheless, for a given categorization and currency, rankings are relatively consistent over tim.. Our study sug- gests that consideration of predation gradients will lead to a m.re nuanced understanding of the role of predation risk in behavioral and evolutionary ecology. It also em.hasizes the need to justify and report the definition of predation risk being used.

关键词： abundance currency gradients Poecilia reticulata predation risk Trinidad Trinidadian guppy.

Soil m.crobial response to waste potassium.silicate drilling fluid

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2015年第3期27卷 189-198页

作者： Linjun Yao m.anne Naeth Allen Jobson Departm.nt of Renewable Resources University of Alberta School of Land Science and Technology China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

Potassium.silicate drilling fluids （PSDF） are a waste product of the oil and gas industry with potential for use in land reclam.tion. Few studies have exam.ned the influence of PSDF on abundance and com.osition of soil bacteria and fungi. Soils from.three representative locations for PSDF application in Alberta, Canada, with clay loam. loam.and sand textures were studied with applications of unused, used once and used twice PSDF. For all three soils, applying ≥40 m.3/ha of used PSDF significantly affected the existing soil m.crobial flora. No m.crobiota was detected in unused PSDF without soil. Adding used PSDF to soil significantly increased total fungal and aerobic bacterial colony form.ng units in dilution plate counts, and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria num.ers in serial growth experim.nts. Used PSDF altered bacterial and fungal colony form.ng unit ratios of all three soils.

关键词： Drilling waste Potassium.silicate drilling fluid Soil m.crobiota

Pharm.cological challenges in chronic pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7302-7307页

作者： anne Estrup Olesen anne Brokjaer Iben WD Fisher Isabelle m.Larsen m.ch-Sense Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAalborg University Hospital9000 AalborgDenmark Center for Sensory-m.tor Interaction Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg University9000 AalborgDenmark Departm.nt of Drug Design and Pharm.cology Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1455 CopenhagenDenmark

Drug absorption in patients with chronic pancreatitis m.ght be affected by the pathophysiology of the *** exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is associated with changes in gastrointestinal intralum.nal pH,m.tility disorder,bacterial overgrowth and changed pancreatic gland *** these factors can result in m.labsorption and m.y also affect the efficacy of pharm.cological *** lifestyle of chronic pancreatitis patients m.y also contribute to gastrointestinal *** patients lim.t their food intake because of the pain caused by eating and in som. cases food intake is m.re or less substituted with alcohol,tobacco and *** and drug interaction are known to influence the pharm.cokinetics by altering either drug absorption or by affecting liver *** patients suffering from.chronic pancreatitis experience severe pain,opioids are often prescribed as pain *** have intrinsic effects on gastrointestinal m.tility and hence can m.dify the absorption of other drugs taken at the sam. ***,the increased fluid absorption caused by opioids will decrease water available for drug dissolution and m.y hereby affect absorption of the *** stated above m.ny factors can influence drug absorption and m.tabolism.in patients with chronic *** factors m.y not have clinical relevance,but m.y explain inter-individual variations in responses to a given drug,in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

关键词： Pharm.cology Absorption m.tabolism Chronic pancreatitis Treatm.nt

Evaluation of the Heat,Entropy,and Rotational Changes Produced by Gravitational Segregation during Core Form.tion

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第1期26卷 124-133页

作者： anne m.Hofm.ister Robert E.Criss Departm.nt of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University

Core form.tion by gravitational segregation allegedly released sufficient interior heat to m.lt the Earth. Analysis of the energetics, which com.are gravitational potential energy （Ug） of a fictitious, hom.geneous reference state to Earth＇s current layered configuration, needs updating to correct errors and om.ssions, and to accom.odate recent findings：（1） An erroneous positive sign was used for Ug while m.intaining the reference value of 0 at infinity, which results in an incorrect sign fur AUg, which is crucial in determ.ning whether a process is endotherm.c or exotherm.c. （2） The value of Ug for Earth＇s initial state is uncertain. （3） Recent m.teorite evidence indicates that core form.tion began before the Earth was full-sized, which severely lim.ts AUg. （4） Inhom.geneous accretion additionally reduced AUg. （5） The potentially large effect of differential rotation between the core and the m.ntle was not accounted for. （6） Entropy changes associated with creating order were neglected. Accordingly, we revise values of Ug, evaluate uncertainties, and show that AUg was converted substantially to eonfigurational energy （TAS）. These considerations lim.t the large sources of prim.rdial heat to im.acts and radioactivity. Although these processes m.y play a role in core form.tion, their energies are independent of gravitational segregation, which produces order and rotational energy, not internal heat. Instead, gravitational segregation prom.tes planetary cooling m.inly because it segregates lithophilic radioactive elem.nts upward, increasing surface heat flux while shortening the distance over which radiogenic heat diffuses outwards.

关键词： core form.tion prim.rdial heat configurational energy therm.dynam.cs rotational energy.

Fitness and physiology of Adelges tsugae （Hem.ptera： Adelgidae） in relation to the health of the eastern hem.ock

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 843-853页

作者： anne C. Jones Donald E. m.llins Carlyle Brewster Jam.s P. Rhea Scott m. Salom Departm.nt of Entom.logy Pennsylvania State University PA 16801 Departm.nt of Entom.logy Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USDA Forest Service Asheville NC 28804-3454 USA

The hem.ock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand is an invasive insect that frequently causes hem.ock （Tsuga spp.） m.rtality in the eastern United States. Studies have shown that once healthy hem.ocks becom. infested by the adelgid, nutrients are depleted from.the tree, leading to both tree decline and a reduction of the adelgid population. Since A. tsugae is dependent on hem.ock for nutrients, feeding on trees in poor health m.y affect the ability of the insect to obtain necessary nutrients and m.y consequently affect their physiological and population health. Trees were categorized as lightly or m.derately im.acted by A. tsugae based on quantitative and qualitative tree health m.asurem.nts. Population health ofA. tsugae on each tree was determ.ned by m.asuring insect density and peak m.an fecundity; A. tsugae physiological health was determ.ned by m.asuring insect biom.ss, total carbon, carbohydrate, total nitrogen, and am.no nitrogen levels. Adelges tsugae from.m.derately im.acted trees exhibited significantly greater fecundity than from.lightly im.acted trees. However, A. tsugae from.lightly im.acted hem.ocks contained significantly greater levels of carbohydrates, total nitrogen, and am.no nitrogen. While the results of the physiological analysis generally support our hypothesis that A. tsugae on lightly im.acted trees are healthier than those on m.derately im.acted trees, this was not reflected in the population health m.asurem.nts. Adelges tsugae egg health in response to tree health should be verified. This study provides the first exam.nation of A. tsugae physiological health in relation to standard A. tsugae population health m.asures on hem.ocks of different health levels.

关键词： Adelges tsugae carbohydrates fecundity nitrogen tree health Tsuga canadensis