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Occupational risk of exposure to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and the quality of infection hygiene in nursing homes

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 111-121页

作者： Pil Uthaug Rasmussen Katrine Uhrbrand mette Damkjaer Bartels Helle Neustrup Dorina Gabriela Karottki Ute Biiltmann anne mette madsen National Research Centre for the Working Environment Lerso Parkalle 1052100 Copenhagen 0Denmark Department of Clinical Microbiology Hvidovre HospitalKettegdrd Alle 302650 HvidovreDenmark The Danish Working Environment Authority Landskronagade 332100 CopenhagenDenmark University Medical Center Groningen Department of Health SciencesCommunity&Occupational MedicineUniversity of Groningen9700 GroningenThe Netherlands

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)is an increasing health concern across the globe and is often prevalent at long-term care facilities,such as nursing ***,we know little of whether nursing home staff is exposed to MRSA via air and *** investigated whether staff members at nursing homes are colonised with and exposed to culturable MRSA,and assessed staff members'self-reported knowledge of MRSA and compliance with infection hygiene *** nursing homes with MRSA positive residents were visited in Copenhagen,*** bioaerosol exposure samples and environmental samples from surfaces,sedimented dust and bioaerosols were examined for MRSA and methicillin-suscqjtible ***(MSSA)to determine occupational *** were taken from staffs*nose,throat,and hands to determine whether they were colonised with *** online questionnaire about MRSA and infection control was *** staff members were colonised with MRSA,but MRSA was detected in the rooms of the colonised residents in two out of the five nursing *** was observed in air(n=4 out of 42,ranging from 2.9-1.9 CFU/m^(3)),sedimented dust(n=1 out of 58,1.1 ×10^(3) CFU/m^(2)/d),and on surfaces(n=9 out of 113,0.04-70.8 CFU/m^(2)).The questionnaire revealed that half of the staff members worry about spreading MRSA to *** aspects for improvement were improved availability and use of protective equipment,not transferring cleaning supplies(e.g.,vacuum cleaners)between residents'rooms and to reduce worry of MRSA,e.g.,through education.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance Airborne MRSA Bioaerosols Healthcare-associated infections Healthcare worker Occupational health

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Recent advancements in the B7/CD28 immune checkpoint families:new biology and clinical therapeutic strategies

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第7期20卷 694-713页

作者： Marc C.Pulanco anne T.madsen Ankit Tanwar Devin T.Corrigan Xingxing Zang Department of Microbiology and Immunology Albert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNY10461USA Department of Urology Albert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNY10461USA Department of Oncology Albert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNY10461USA Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNY10461USA

The B7/CD28 families of immune checkpoints play vital roles in negatively or positively regulating immune cells in homeostasis and various *** basic and clinical studies have revealed novel biology of the B7/CD28 families and new therapeutics for cancer *** this review,we discuss the newly discovered KIR3DL3/TMIGD2/HHLA2 pathways,PD-1/PD-L1 and B7-H3 as metabolic regulators,the glycobiology of PD-1/PD-L1,B7x(B7-H4)and B7-H3,and the recently characterized PD-L1/B7-1 *** also cover the tumor-intrinsic and-extrinsic resistance mechanisms to current anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapies in clinical ***,we review new immunotherapies targeting B7-H3,B7x,PD-1/PD-L1,and CTLA-4 in current clinical trials.

关键词： B7 family immune checkpoints metabolic regulators glycobiology therapy resistance

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Success of three soil restoration techniques on seedling survival and growth of three plant species in the Sahel of Burkina Faso(West Africa)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第2期27卷 313-320页

作者： Philippe Bayen anne mette Lykke Adjima Thiombiano Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology University of Ouagadougou Department of Bioscience Aarhus University

In the Sahel of Africa, where 90 % of the population depends on natural resources for their liveli- hood, a large part of the soils are structurally unstable, prone to crusting and hard setting, and have low water holding capacity, which hamper vegetation establishment. The effect of soil restoration techniques on survival and growth of seedlings of Acacia nilotica, Acacia tortilis and Jatropha curcas was tested in completely barren, degraded land in a Sahelian ecosystem in Burkina Faso. A total of 522 seedlings （174 plants of each plant species） were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates combining three soil preparation techniques： half-moon, zai＂ and standard plantation. Survival and growth rates evaluated over 20 months were significantly higher using the half-moon technique compared with the other two techniques. Survival rates of plant species planted using half-moon technique were 62.5, 28.57 and 10.71% for A. nilotica, A. tortilis and J. curcas respec- tively, but in za＇i and standard planting, seedling survival was zero. The low survival rate of J. curcas using the half-moon technique may indicate that J. curcas is unsuit- able for barren and degraded land, whereas A. nilotica and A. tortilis appear to be promising tree species for rehabil- itation of degraded land.

关键词： Afforestation Bare soil Soil rehabilitation Species selection Water conservation

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Highly Increased Levels of Inter-α-inhibitor Heavy Chain 4(ITIH4)in Autoimmune Cholestatic Liver Diseases

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第5期10卷 796-802页

作者： Tea Lund Laursen Lars Bossen Rasmus Pihl anne Troldborg Thomas Damgaard Sandahl annette Gudmann Hansen Trine Folserass mette Vesterhus Henning Grønbæk Steffen Thiel Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark Department of Biomedi-cine Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Department of Rheumatology Aarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Norwegian PSC Research Center Department of Transplantation MedicineDivision of SurgeryInflammatory Diseases and TransplantationOslo University Hospital Rik-shospitaletOsloNorway Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital BergenNorway Department of Clinical Science University of BergenBergenNorway

Background and Aims:There is an unmet need for new bi-omarkers to improve diagnostics and prognostics in primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).Inter-α-inhibitor heavy chain 4(ITIH4)is an abun-dant,liver-produced protein,and its synthesis may be al-tered in liver *** investigated whether ITIH4 plas-ma concentrations were affected in PBC and PSC ***:We developed an immunoassay specific for ITIH4 and determined ITIH4 plasma concentrations in 66 PBC,126 PSC,92 autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),67 chronic hepatitis C(CHC),33 alcoholic hepatitis(AH)patients and 138 healthy controls(HCs).Hepatic ITIH4 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in ***:The mean plas-ma concentration of ITIH4 was almost doubled in PBC[409μg/mL(95%CI:388-431)]and 35%higher in PSC[308μg/mL,(95%CI:296-319)]compared with HCs[226μg/mL(95%CI:221-231);p<0.001].In PBC patients,ITIH4 correlated with IgM(rho=0.49,p<0.001).Responders to ursodeoxycholic acid treatment(UDCA)had lower levels of ITIH4 than incomplete responders[395μg/mL(95%CI:364-425)]vs.460μg/mL(95%CI:421-498);p=0.02].Four weeks of UDCA treatment had no effect(p=0.19).In-creased ITIH4 immunohistochemical staining was seen in a liver biopsy from a PBC ***4 levels in AIH[224μg/mL(95%CI:208-241)]and HCs were similar(p=0.8).ITIH4 levels were lower in AH[199μg/mL(95%CI:175-223)]and CHC[202μg/mL(192-212)]patients than in HCs(p<0.05).Conclusions:The plasma concentration of ITIH4 was highly elevated in patients with PBC and PSC,suggesting that ITIH4 should be further investigated as a biomarker in cholestatic liver disease.

关键词： Primary biliary cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Autoim-mune hepatitis Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment Alcoholic hepatitis Chronic viral hepatitis

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Degradation patterns of silicone-based dielectric elastomers in electrical fields

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2018年第4期9卷 217-232,I0001页

作者： Liyun Yu Frederikke B.madsen anne L.Skov Danish Polymer Centre Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKgs.LyngbyDenmark

Silicone elastomers have been heavily investigated as candidates for the flexible insulator material in dielectric elastomer transducers and are as such almost ideal candidates because of their inherent softness and ***,silicone elastomers suffer from low dielectric *** shortcoming has been attempted optimized through different approaches during recent *** optimization with the sole purpose of increasing the dielectric permittivity may lead to the introduction of problematic phenomena such as premature electrical breakdown due to high leakage currents of the thin elastomer *** this work,electrical breakdown phenomena of various types of permittivity-enhanced silicone elastomers are *** showed that different types of polymer backbone chemistries lead to differences in electrical breakdown patterns,which were revealed through SEM *** may pave the way towards a better understanding of electrical breakdown mechanisms of dielectric elastomers and potentially lead to materials with increased electrical breakdown strengths.

关键词： Silicone elastomers dielectric electrical breakdown voltage stabilization characterization

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Identification of pests and assessment of their damage on Carapa procera and Lophira lanceolata in Burkina Faso,West Africa

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第3期28卷 585-591页

作者： Baslayi Tindano Olivier Gnankine Amade Ouedraogo Mamadou Traore Jφrgen Axelsen anne mette Lykke Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la vie et de la Terre Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et AppliqueeUniversite de Ouagadougou03 BP 7021 OuagadougouBurkina Faso Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la vie etde la Terre Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie VegetalesUniversite de Ouagadougou03 BP 7021 OuagadougouBurkina Faso INERA Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles01 BP 476 Ouagadougou 01Burkina Faso Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark

Nontimber forest products are a source of income for women in rural African communities. However, these products are frequently damaged by insect pests. The present study investigates the diversity and damage rates of insect pests that attack Carapa procera seeds and Lophira lanceolata fruits. The experiment was set up in western Burkina Faso and, for C. carapa, consisted of pests collected from seeds that had fallen to the ground and from stockpiled seeds. For L. lanceolata, pests were collected from fruits on the trees, and on the ground. The collected samples were sent to the laboratory to estimate the proportion of damaged seeds/fruits and rear the insects. The results showed that Ephestia spp., Tribolium castaneum, Oryzeaphilus spp., and Tenebroides mauritanicus were the pests of Carapa procera seeds and Lophira lanceolata fruits. Ephestia spp. was recorded as the main pest of both C. proeera and L. lanceolata, whereas T. castaneum was only detected from seeds of L. lanceolata. For C. procera, the stocks were the most infested （29 %） by Ephestia spp. The infestation rate of fruits of L. lanceolata by Ephestia spp, on trees （31.42 ± 3.75 %） was less than the rate of fruits by T. castaneum on the ground （44.00 ± 3.5 %）. The different body sizes of Ephestia spp. may indicate the occurrence of two putative species, one from C. procera and another one from L. lanceolata. This work provides important information that could contribute to the setting up of a local-scale sustainable management framework for oil tree pests in Burkina Faso and surrounding countries.

关键词： Insect diversity Carapa procera Lophiralanceolata Ephestia spp. Pest management

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Screw osteosynthesis of transverse fracture of the patella in children

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2019年第2期2卷 6-8页

作者： Simon Oksbjerre Mortensen anne mette Stausholm Rikke Thorninger Orthopedic Surgery Regions hospitalet RandersRandersDenmark Orthopedic Surgery Aalborg Universitets hospitalAalborgDenmark

Objective Patella fractures in children are rare,with an incidence of less than 1%of all pediatric *** describes different surgical techniques and outcomes,but there is not a specified superior technique for *** aim of this study is to assess the functional outcome after screw fixation of transverse patella fractures in *** Two boys at 11 years of age were presented with a transverse fracture of the patella within the same *** reduction and fixation of the fractured patella with periost sutures and a 4.0 mm titanium screw inserted from the distal ***,the quadriceps expansion was meticulously repaired with *** The patients could fully weight bear immediately on a fully extended knee in an *** 4 weeks,radiological healing was *** the 8-week and 6-month follow-up,the modified Hospital of Special Surgery knee score was 100 points in both *** Single screw fixation provides an excellent outcome after 8 weeks with a full range of motion and full weight bearing,providing a faster recovery.

关键词： Surgery transverse fracture

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Global transcriptional changes in response to cGAMP depend on STING in human THP-1 cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第11期15卷 983-985页

作者： anne Louise Hansen Aske M.Brandtoft mette Nyegaard anne L.Thielke David Olagnier Christian K.Holm Department of Biomedicine Aarhus Research Center for Innate ImmunologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark

Cytosolic detection of foreign or misplaced self-DNA through the cGAS-STING pathway leads to cGAS-mediated synthesis of the second messenger molecule *** immune signaling molecule STING binds cGAMP directly,and thus functions as a cGAMP *** of cGAMP induces the activation of STING with the subsequent induction of anti-viral and proinflammatory ***,it is not known whether STING is the only cellular sensor of cGAMP,and it has not been reported whether stimulation with cGAMP can induce gene transcription independently of *** we analyzed the global cGAMP-induced transcriptional gene program in STING-deficient human monocyte-derived THP-1 *** found that the global cGAMP-induced transcriptional response was dependent on STING and failed to identify groups of genes that were affected by cGAMP in the absence of *** data therefore strongly indicate that STING is the sole receptor for cGAMP in human macrophages.

关键词： stimulation STING transcriptional

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Is regular physical activity a key to mental health? Commentary on "Association between physical exercise and mental health in 1.2 million individuals in the USA between 2011 and 2015:A cross-sectional study",by Chekroud et al.,published in Lancet Psychiat

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第1期8卷 6-7页

作者： anne-Marie Elbe Stine NylANDsted Lyhne Esben Elholm madsen Peter Krustrup Institute of Sport Psychology and Physical Education Faculty of Sport ScienceLeipzig University Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics Sport and Health Sciences Cluster(SHSC)University of Southern Denmark Sport and Health Sciences University of Exeter

The recent publication by Chekroud et al . in Lancet Psychiatry focuses on the relationship between physical exercise and mental *** health is defined as optimal personal functioning "resulting in productive activities,fulfilling relationships with other people,and the ability to adapt to change and to cope with adversity".(p.4) Recently,mental health has no longer been described as a dichotomous state but as a continuum,with personal mental states ranging from highly functional to mentally ill.

关键词： publication Chekroud Lancet Psychiatry

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Does a population-based multi-factorial lifestyle intervention increase social inequality in smoking? The Inter99 study

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012年第3期2卷 394-402页

作者： Charlotta Pisinger mette Aadahl Ulla Toft anne Helms Andreasen Torben Jorgensen Faculty of Health Science Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark Research Centre for Prevention and Health Glostrup University Hospital The Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark

Introduction: The social inequality in smoking in the Western countries has been increasing. It has been suggested that the most important strategy to reduce health inequalities related to socio economic status (SEP) is to promote smoking cessation in persons with low SEP. One could fear that a smoking cessation intervention might benefit smokers with high SEP more, and thereby increase the social inequality in smoking. We wanted to investigate whether the effect differed across SEP. Methods: The study was an individual multi-factorial lifestyle intervention study with a control group, Inter99 (1999-2006), Copenhagen, Denmark. We included 1991 daily-smokers with self-reported information on education in the intervention group, and 1135 in the control group. Smokers in the intervention group were repeatedly offered individual life-style-counselling and group-based smoking cessation. We used generalised linear mixed models under the assumption of missing at random, including interaction term between intervention effect and SEP. Results: The gap in self-reported abstinence rates increased over time between persons with high and low education. Probability of abstinence was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group, at all follow-up-visits but the effect of the intervention changed over time. The differences in quit-rates across educational groups were not significantly different in the intervention than in the control group at any time. Conclusion: In this randomised population-based intervention study we found that smokers across all educational levels benefited from the anti-smoking intervention, and that the intervention did not increase the social inequality in smoking, as one could have feared.

关键词： Smoking Cessation Smoking Socioeconomic Factors Intervention Studies Inter99 Study

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