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Mucosal healing progression after acute colitis in mice

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第27期25卷 3572-3589页

作者： Sandra Vidal-Lletjós Mireille Andriamihaja anne Blais Marta Grauso Patricia Lepage anne-Marie Davila Claire Gaudichon Marion Leclerc Francois Blachier Annaig Lan UMR PNCA AgroParisTechINRAUniversite Paris-SaclayParis 75005France UMR MICALIS INRAUniversite Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas 78350France

BACKGROUND Mucosal healing has become a therapeutic goal to achieve stable remission in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. To achieve this objective, overlapping actions of complex cellular processes, such as migration, proliferation, and differentiation, are required. These events are longitudinally and tightly controlled by numerous factors including a wide range of distinct regulatory proteins. However, the sequence of events associated with colon mucosal repair after colitis and the evolution of the luminal content characteristics during this process have been little *** To document the evolution of colon mucosal characteristics during mucosal healing using a mouse model with chemically-induced *** C57 BL/6 male mice were given 3.5% dextran sodium sulfate(DSS) in drinking water for 5 d. They were euthanized 2(day 7), 5(day 10), 8(day 13), and 23(day28) d after DSS removal. The colonic luminal environment and epithelial repair processes during the inflammatory flare and colitis resolution were analyzed with reference to a non-DSS treated control group, euthanized at day 0. Epithelial repair events were assessed histo-morphologically in combination with functional permeability tests, expression of key inflammatory and repairing factors, and evaluation of colon mucosa-adherent microbiota composition by 16 S rRNA *** The maximal intensity of colitis was concomitant with maximal alterations of intestinal barrier function and histological damage associated with goblet cell depletion in colon mucosa. It was recorded 2 d after termination of the DSStreatment, followed by a progressive return to values similar to those of control mice. Although signs of colitis were severe(inflammatory cell infiltrate, crypt disarray, increased permeability) and associated with colonic luminal alterations(hyperosmolarity, dysbiosis, decrease in short-chain fatty acid content), epithelial healing processes were launched early during the inflammat

关键词： Colon luminal environment Dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis Dysbiosis Epithelial repair Acute colitis

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p-Cresol mineralization and bacterial population dynamics in a nitrifying sequential batch reactor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第9期26卷 1885-1893页

作者： Carlos David Silva Lizeth Beristain-Montiel Flor de Maria Cuervo-López anne-Claire Texier Department of Biotechnology-CBS Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaMexico City 09340Mexico Department of Process and Technology-CNI Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-CuajimalpaMexico City 05300Mexico

The ability of a nitrifying sludge to oxidize p-cresol was evaluated in a sequential batch reactor （SBR）. p-Cresol was first transformed to p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and p-hydroxybenzoate, which were later mineralized. The specific rates of p-cresol consumption increased throughout the cycles. The bacterial population dynamics were monitored by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 0DGGE） and sequencing of DGGE fragments. The ability of the sludge to consume p-cresol and intermediates might be related to the presence of species such as Variouorax paradoxus and Thauera mechernichensis, p-Cresol （25 to 200 mg C/L） did not affect the nitrifying SBR performance （ammonium consumption efficiency and nitrate production yield were close to 100% and 1, respectively）. This may be related to the high stability observed in the nitrifying communities. It was shown that a nitrifying SBR may be a good alternative to eliminate simultaneously ammonium and p-cresol, maintaining stable the respiratory process as the bacterial community.

关键词： Nitrificationp-Cresol oxidationSequential batch reactorPopulation dynamicsEcological indices

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Redox Regulation of Arabidopsis Mitochondrial Citrate Synthase

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Molecular Plant 2014年第1期7卷 156-169页

作者： Elisabeth Schmidtmann Ann-Christine Konig anne Orwat Dario Leister Markus Hartl Iris Finkemeier Botany Department I of Biology Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Grosshaderner Strasse 2 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany

Citrate synthase has a key role in the tricarboxylic （TCA） cycle of mitochondria of all organisms, as it cata- lyzes the first committed step which is the fusion of a carbon-carbon bond between oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA. The regulation of TCA cycle function is especially important in plants, since mitochondrial activities have to be coordinated with photosynthesis. The posttranslational regulation of TCA cycle activity in plants is thus far almost entirely unexplored. Although several TCA cycle enzymes have been identified as thioredoxin targets in vitro, the existence of any thioredoxin-dependent regulation as known for the Calvin cycle, yet remains to be demonstrated. Here we have investigated the redox regulation of the Arabidopsis citrate synthase enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis of its six cysteine residues. Our results indicate that oxidation inhibits the enzyme activity by the formation of mixed disulfides, as the partially oxidized citrate synthase enzyme forms large redox-dependent aggregates. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that thioredoxin can cleave diverse intraas well as intermolecular disulfide bridges, which strongly enhances the activity of the enzyme. Activity measurements with the cysteine variants of the enzyme revealed important cysteine residues affecting total enzyme activity as well as the redox sensitivity of the enzyme.

关键词： citrate synthase mitochondria cysteine residues redox regulation thioredoxin TCA cycle Arabidopsis.

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How an All-or-Nothing insurance behaviour challenges economic policies:an experimental approach

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Economic and Political Studies 2021年第1期9卷 4-16页

作者： anne Corcos François Pannequin Claude Montmarquette CURAPP-ESS UMR 7319 ParisFrance CNRS ParisFrance University of Picardie ParisFrance CREST PalaiseauFrance ENS Paris-Saclay University of Paris-SaclayParisFrance CIRANO MontrealCanada University of Montreal MontrealCanada

Based on experimental data,this paper confirms,in a controlled environment,converging theoretical and empirical results that,when individuals insure,they choose to insure themselves with a full *** insurance behaviour creates an opportunity for the public authority to drive people to enter the insurance market where they would buy full *** paper also sheds light on the risks of an opportunistic insurers’*** heuristic challenges the efficiency of separating contracts designed to address adverse selection ***,a strong preference for full contracts may encourage low-risk individuals to turn to(full)contracts designed for high-risk individuals,yielding advantageous selection opportunities for ***,if this heuristic strengthens the high-risks’reluctance for partial insurance,it may increase the efficiency of the separating contracts,and the lowrisk individuals suffer less from adverse selection.

关键词： Experimental study All-or-Nothing(AoN)insurance decision public policies

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Survey of Staphylococcus aureus in a general pediatric population and focus on isolates with three clinically relevant toxin-encoding genes

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第1期14卷 35-43页

作者： anne Filleron Sarah Beauregard-Birba Thibault Mura Fabien Aujoulat anne Laure Michon Michel Rodière Tu Anh Tran Eric Jeziorski Hélène Marchandin Department of Pediatrics Nimes University HospitalNimesFrance INSERM U1183 Team3Immune Regulationand Micr obiotaMedical University of Montpellier NimesNimesFrance Laboratory ofBacter iology Montpellier University HospitalMontpellierFrance Department of Medical Information Montpellier UniversityHospitalMontpellierFrance Montpellier University UMR5569HydroSciencesMontpellierPharmacy University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Departmentof P ediatricsMontpellier University HospitalMontpellierFrance Department of Micr obiology Nimes University HospitalNimesFrance

Background In children, surveys on Staphylococcus aureus have focused on specific infections, situations or strains but no study has so far given an overview on S. aureus isolation without any selection. Here, we describe the overall bacteriologi-cal and clinical characteristics of S. aureus isolation in children, with a special focus on isolates harbouringtst,sea, and/or luk-PV genes, respectively, encoding the three clinically relevant toxins: toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, enterotoxin A and Panton–Valentine leukocidin. Methods Data associated with S. aureus isolation were reviewed: isolation site, infection status,tst,sea andluk-PV genes, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern,agr typing. Results Three hundred and seventy-seven isolates retrieved from 328 children during S. aureus infection (55.2%) or colo-nisation (44.8%) were ***,sea and luk-PV genes were amplified in 14.3, 9.5 and 5.8% of the isolates, respectively. These isolates were significantly more frequently retrieved during infection (69.1%) than colonisation but differences were observed according to isolation site. Methicillin-resistance was found in 7.2% of the isolates, 78% of which harboured ≥ 1 of the targeted toxin-encoding genes. Conclusions This first comprehensive study of S. aureus in children showed S. aureus to be mainly retrieved during infection and a high rate of colonisation, not limited to the nasopharynx. Predominant infections were skin and soft tissue infections wheretst was most frequently ***-PV was most commonly detected during bone and joint infections. Isolates harbouring targeted toxin-encoding genes were significantly associated with infections but a quarter of children were asymp-tomatic carriers representing a reservoir for dissemination of isolates with virulence potency.

关键词： Colonisation Infection Pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Toxins

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Do migrant remittances matter for financial development in Kenya?

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Financial Innovation 2019年第1期5卷 541-565页

作者： Roseline Nyakerario Misati anne Kamau Hared Nassir Research Department Central Bank of KenyaNairobi 60000-00200Kenya African Institute for Remittances Nairobi 52448-00200Kenya

The paper analyzes the relationship between remittances and financial development using Kenyan quarterly data from 2006 to *** different indicators of financial development are used:credit to the private sector as a share of GDP,the number of mobile transactions,the value of these mobile transactions,the number of mobile agents,and the number of bank *** results from using an autoregressive distributed lag demonstrate a strong,positive relationship between remittances and financial development in long-run *** suggests that higher levels of remittances provide opportunities for recipients to open bank accounts,enhance their savings,and access financial systems,in addition to exposing the previously unbanked to both new and existing financial *** results also confirm the potential advantage of embracing modern and advanced technology to facilitate international mobile *** international remittance transfers through mobile technology reduces costs by eliminating the need for physical branches and personnel to attend to walk-in *** from offering convenience and safety for remittance actors,this method also dominates traditional remittance business ***,a policy window exists for the government to leverage on remittances as a tool of financial inclusion and depth,and particularly through the continued expansion of regulatory space to accommodate the wider use of international mobile remittance transfer ***,given the strong,positive relationship between remittances and credit to the private sector as indicated by its share of GDP and number of bank accounts,commercial banks and other players in the remittance market may also find it useful to develop customized products for migrants to access their *** example,financial intermediaries can consider providing better deposit interest rates for diaspora deposits compared to deposits made in the local ***,these institut

关键词： Remittances Financial inclusion Technology

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Detecting accidental punctures and lacerations during cholecystectomy in large datasets: Two methods of analysis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第5期17卷 430-436页

作者： Artem Shmelev anne M Sill Gopal C Kowdley Juan A Sanchez Steven C Cunningham Department of Surgery Saint Agnes Hospital and Cancer Center

Background: After the Institute of Medicine(IOM) report To Err Is Human highlighted the impact of medical errors, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ) developed Patient-Safety Indicators(PSI) to improve quality by identifying potential inpatient safety problems. PSI-15 was created to study accidental punctures and lacerations(APL), but PSI-15 may underestimate APLs in populations of patients. This study compares PSI-15 with a more inclusive approach using a novel composite of secondary diagnostic and procedural codes. Methods: We used Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS) data(20 0 0–2012) from AHRQ’s Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project(H-CUP). We analyzed PSI-15-positive and-negative cholecystectomies. Cross tabulations identified codes that were significantly more frequent among PSI-15-positive cases; these secondary diagnostic and procedural codes were selected as candidate members of a composite marker(CM) of APL. We chose cholecystectomy patients for study because this is one of the most common general operations, and the large size of NIS allows for meaningful analysis of infrequent occurrences such as APL rates. Results: CM identified 1.13 times more APLs than did PSI-15. Patients with CM-detected APLs were significantly older and had worse mortality, comorbidities, lengths of stay, and charges than those detected with PSI-15. Further comparison of these two approaches revealed that time-series analysis for both APL markers revealed parallel trends, with inflections in 2007, and lowest APL rates in July. Conclusions: Although CM may yield more false positives, it appears more inclusive, identifying more clinically significant APLs, than PSI-15. Both measures presented similar trends over time, arguing against inflation in PSI-15 reporting. While arguably less specific, CM may increase sensitivity for detecting APL events during cholecystectomies. These results may inform the interpretation of other large population studies of APLs following abd

关键词： Cholecystectomy Patient safety Accidental lacerations AHRQ PSI-15

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Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes of the calyx abscission zone of sweet orange insights into the huanglongbingassociated fruit abscission

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 831-845页

作者： Wei Zhao Elizabeth A.Baldwin Jinhe Bai anne Plotto Mike Irey USDA/ARS Horticultural Research Laboratory 2001 South Rock RoadFort PierceFL 34945USA Southern Gardens Citrus Nursery 111 Ponce de Leon AvenueClewistonFL 33440USA

Citrus greening disease or huanglongbing(HLB)is associated with excessive pre-harvest fruit *** understand the mechanisms of the HLB-associated fruit abscission,transcriptomes were analyzed by RNA sequencing of calyx abscission zones(AZ-C)of dropped“Hamlin”oranges from HLB-diseased trees upon shaking the trees(Dd),retained oranges on diseased trees(Rd),dropped oranges from healthy shaken trees(Dh),and retained oranges on healthy trees(Rh).Cluster analysis of transcripts indicated that Dd had the largest distances from all other *** of transcriptomes revealed 1047,1599,813,and 764 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between Dd/Rd,Dd/Dh,Dh/Rh,and Rd/*** gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses indicated hormone signaling,defense response,and secondary metabolism were involved in HLB-associated fruit ***(ET)and jasmonic acid(JA)synthesis/signaling-related genes were upregulated in Dd,while other phytohormone-related genes were generally *** addition,genes related to JA/ET-activated defense response were upregulated in Dd as *** with the phytohormone gene expression data,increased levels(p<0.05)of ET and JA,and a decreased level(p<0.05)of abscisic acid were found in Dd compared with Rd,Dh or *** theobromae level in Dd AZ-C was higher than the other fruit types,confirmed by qPCR,indicating AZ-C secondary fungal infection of HLB fruit may exacerbate their *** information will help formulate effective strategies to control HLB-related abscission.

关键词： metabolism orange analysis

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Gradients in predation risk in a tropical river system

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 213-221页

作者： Amy E. DEACON Faith A. M. JONES anne E. MAGURRAN Department of Life Sciences The University of the West Indies St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago School of Biology University of St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

The importance of predation risk as a key driver of evolutionary change is exemplified by the Northern Range in Trinidad, where research on guppies living in multiple parallel streams has pro- vided invaluable insights into the process of evolution by natural selection. Although Trinidadian guppies are now a textbook example of evolution in action, studies have generally categorized predation as a dichotomous variable, representing high or low risk. Yet, ecologists appreciate that community structure and the attendant predation risk vary substantially over space and time. Here, we use data from a longitudinal study of fish assemblages at 16 different sites in the Northern Range to quantify temporal and spatial variation in predation risk. Specifically we ask： 1） Is there evidence for a gradient in predation risk？ 2） Does the ranking of sites （by risk） change with the defi- nition of the predator community （in terms of species composition and abundance currency）, and 3） Are site rankings consistent over time？ We find compelling evidence that sites lie along a contin- uum of risk. However, site rankings along this gradient depend on how predation is quantified in terms of the species considered to be predators and the abundance currency is used. Nonetheless, for a given categorization and currency, rankings are relatively consistent over time. Our study sug- gests that consideration of predation gradients will lead to a more nuanced understanding of the role of predation risk in behavioral and evolutionary ecology. It also emphasizes the need to justify and report the definition of predation risk being used.

关键词： abundance currency gradients Poecilia reticulata predation risk Trinidad Trinidadian guppy.

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Microstructural and textural investigation of an Mg-Dy alloy after hot plane strain compression

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2020年第4期8卷 1198-1207页

作者： Fairouze Guerza-Soualah Hiba Azzeddine Thierry Baudin anne-Laure Helbert Frangois Brisset Djamel Bradai Laboratory of Materials Physics Faculty of PhysicsUniversity of Sciences and Technology-Houari Boumediene(U.S.T.H.B.)P.O.Box 32El-AliaBab-EzzouarDZ-16111AlgiersAlgeria Faculty of Technology University of Mohamed BoudiafM'Sila 28000Algeria CNRS Institut de Chimie Moleculaire et des Materiaux d'OrsayUniversite Paris-Saclay91405 OrsayFrance

The microstructure and texture development in a Mg-0.41Dy(wt%)alloy after plane strain compression(PSC)at 300℃under a strain rate of 10^(-2)and 10^(-4)s^(-1),up a final true strain of—1.2 were investigated using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and X-ray *** high strain rate of 10^(-2)s^(-1),the microstructure exhibited massive twins mainly{101^(-)2}extension,{1011}contraction and{101^(-)3}-{101^(-)2}double twin due to the random texture of the as-cast ***,at a low strain rate of 10^(-4)s^(-1),the microstructure was characterized by dynamic recrystallization at the{101^(-)2}extension,(101^(-)1)contraction twins and grain *** dynamic recrystallization(TDRX),rotational dynamic recrystallization(RDRX)and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX)were the main mechanisms responsible for the formation of recrystallized *** texture was characterized by the formation of three fibers:basal,//CD and//CD where CD is the compression ***,the texture was less sensitive to the deformation conditions since the recrystallized grains showed the same orientation than *** changes of the mechanical properties of the alloy were ascribed to the resulting microstructure due to the twinning and dynamic recrystallization.

关键词： Dynamic recrystallization PSC Mg-Dy alloy Texture Twinning.

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