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Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： anne M. G. Neevel Kenneth D. S. Fernald Linda H. M. van de Burgwal Athena Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. However, within the field of neglected tropical diseases some seem far more neglected than others. In this research the aim is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the mechanisms that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furthermore, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical Diseases Funding Decision Evaluation Criteria Health Research Funding Research Impact

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Evaluation of Spontaneous Fertility after Medical Treatment of Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy in Two Hospitals in the City of Yaounde

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 175-185页

作者： Noa Ndoua Claude Cyrille Tchedele Guidebta Hilary Nyada Serge Robert Astrid Ruth Ndolo Kondo Ayissi Gregory Ngo Dingom anne Madye Tompeen Isidore Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical sciences of the University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, estimated to occur in 1% - 2% of pregnancies worldwide. This condition also has an adverse effect on the fertility prospects of women who experience it. Objective: To determine the outcomes of subsequent spontaneous fertility after medical treatment of patients with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with ectopic pregnancy at two university teaching hospitals of Yaounde. Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection in two university teaching hospitals of Yaounde during a six years period from 1st January 2015 to 31st May 2021. Seventy records of patients who had medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy were included in this study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. 23. The Chi-2 statistical test was used to compare qualitative variables. Binary logistic regression method was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with infertility after medical treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy (TEP). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age in our study population was 27.8 ± 3.8 years. According to the past medical history, 52.9% had a pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and the most frequently germ found was C. trachomatis (47.1%). Almost 15% of our study population had previous surgery for EP. The median Fernandez score was 11 with a minimum score of 4 and a maximum score of 13. The route of administration of methotrexate was intramuscular in all our patients, and the single-dose protocol was used most frequently (58.6%). After medical treatment of the EP, we found a spontaneous conception rate of 58.6%. After multivariate analysis, we were unable to confirm that there was an association between a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and fertility prognosis. Conclusion: The spontaneous fertility rate after medical management of EP was 58.6%, of which 73.2% were term pregnanci

关键词： Ectopic Pregnancy Maternal Morbidity

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Retrospective Cohort Study to Investigate Pregnancy Outcomes in a Population of Advanced Maternal Age Congolese Women of Kinshasa: A Study Protocol

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1398-1406页

作者： anne Kapinga Mutshiaudi Thérèse Mikoka Walumpumpu Nicodem Nkutu Kimpu Joelle Lumaya Ambis Andy Mbangama Muela Roger Mbungu Mwimba Kahindo P. Muyalalo Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo

Introduction: Pregnancies at advanced maternal age (AMA) are those occurring after the age of 35 years old. They carry a high risk of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality, thus constituting a public health problem. Several African countries have reported an upward trend in both the age of childbirth and the frequency of women with AMA over the past 20 years. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality remain very high, data on AMA pregnancies go back more than 20 years. Objective: We propose evaluating obstetrical outcomes among women in AMA in our setting and the associated factors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study will be conducted in two healthcare facilities (ESS) in Kinshasa. The study population will consist of all women who delivered a single fetus after 28 weeks of gestation between January 2012 and December 2022 (10 years) in the selected ESS. The data collected will be analyzed using R software version 4.2.0. Quantitative variables will be summarized as means with standard deviation or medians with interquartile range. Qualitative variables will be presented as proportions (%). Multivariate logistic regression will be used to determine the main maternal-fetal complications associated with AMA and predictors of obstetric outcomes. P Discussion: The high maternal and infant mortality rates in DRC are among the highest in the world. The context of maternal age has become a topic of growing interest due to its potential implications for the health of women and newborns, it is crucial to identify the risk factors associated with obstetric outcomes by identifying obstetrical outcomes associated with advanced maternal age in the DRC. Many Congolese women tend to start their maternity journey at a relatively young age. However, there is also an emerging trend towards delayed childbearing, particularly in urban areas and among women with access to education and family planning services. Conclusion: The re

关键词： Advanced Maternal Age Adverse Maternal and Perinatal Outcome Congolese Women Kinshasa

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Giant Cerebriform Nevus Cell Nevus of the Scalp: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第1期14卷 8-13页

作者： Mohamed El Hassimi Cissé N’daraw Ndoye anne Aurore Sankale Pauline Diousse Abdoulaye Diop Alvine Nah Doe Sagar Diop Momar Codé Ba Seydou Boubakar Badiane Neurosurgery Department of CHU Mère-Enfant “Le Luxembourg” Bamako Mali Neurosurgery Department of CHNU de Fann Dakar Sénégal Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Department of CHU Le Dantec Dakar Sénégal Dermatology Department of Thiès Regional Hospital Thiès Sénégal

Giant cerebriform nevus cell nevus of the scalp is an extremely rare form of congenital melanocytic nevus. Giant cerebriform nevus of the scalp has a major psychosocial impact because of its unsightly appearance with fetid maceration. We report the case of a 35-year-old woman who had a painless, malodorous swelling of the cerebriform scalp measuring 20 × 17 cm in diameter with a wide base of insertion at the occipital level adhering to the deep planes. The excision associated with a skin plasty was carried out. Histology concluded that there was a giant cerebriform naevo-cellular nevus of the scalp.

关键词： Giant Nevus Tumor of the Scalp Resection

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Epidemiological, Clinical Progress Aspects of Congenital Heart Disease with Neonatal Revelation at the Mother-Child Hospital of Bingerville (HME) Concerning 98 Cases from January 2021 to December 2022 (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期14卷 89-100页

作者： Adja Evelyne Akaffou-Gbery Richard Azagoh-Kouadio anne-Lise Laetitia Mobio Jean-Jacques Yao Atteby Serenah Marie Janice N’vrah Anoh Kouassi Raoul Yao Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology H&#244pital Mère-Enfant de Bingerville (HME) Bingerville C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of Medical Pediatrics and Specialties CHU de Angré Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Introduction The distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD) in sub-Saharan Africa is highly imprecise and varies from one region to another due to the inequality of diagnostic facilities. The aim of this study was to determine the in-hospital prevalence of congenital heart disease in children at the Mother-Child hospital of Bingerville (HME) by specifying the diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study at HME of Bingerville from January 2021 to December 2022. All newborns with congenital heart disease confirmed by echocardiography were included in the study. Results Of 656 admissions to the neonatology department over the study period, congenital heart disease accounted for 14.9% (98/656) of cases. In our series, 76.7% were diagnosed before the 1st week of life, with a mean chronological age of 5.18 days and extremes of 0 and 46 days. There were as many male patients (50%) as female (50%), i.e. a sex ratio of 1. These newborns were premature in 60.2% of cases, with a mean and median gestational age of 34 weeks’ amenorrhea. Most were left-right shunts (90.8%). Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (48.9%) predominated, followed by atrial septal defect (38.7%), ventricular septal defect (13.3%), common trunk artery (CTA) (3.1%) and open septal pulmonary atresia (OSPA) (1%) as the primary cyanogenic heart disease. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (50%) was primary in 38.8% and secondary (61.2%). The mortality rate was 30.6%, and all CTA patients died (100%), with a significant statistical relationship (p = 0.027). Progression under treatment was marked by clinical stabilization (68/98) in 69.4% of cases. Conclusion: Congenital heart disease is relatively common at the Bingerville HME. Access to echocardiography should be facilitated in neonatology departments for rapid diagnosis and optimal management of congenital heart disease in newborns.

关键词： Newborn Congenital Heart Disease Côte d’Ivoire

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Combinatorial Complexity in a Transcriptionally Centered Signaling Hub in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2014年第11期7卷 1598-1618页

作者： anne Pfeiffer Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA United States Department of Agriculture Plant Gene Expression Center Albany CA 94710 USA

A subfamily of four Phytochrome （phy）-Interacting bHLH transcription Factors （PIFs） collectively promote skotomorphogenic development in dark-grown seedlings. This activity is reversed upon exposure to light, by photoacti- vated phy molecules that induce degradation of the PIFs, thereby triggering the transcriptional changes that drive a tran- sition to photomorphogenesis. The PIFs function both redundantly and partially differentially at the morphogenic level in this process, To identify the direct targets of PIF transcriptional regulation genome-wide, we analyzed the DNA-binding sites for all four PIFs by ChlP-seq analysis, and defined the genes transcriptionally regulated by each PIF, using RNA-seq analysis of pif mutants. Despite the absence of detectable differences in DNA-binding-motif recognition between the PIFs, the data show a spectrum of regulatory patterns, ranging from single PIF dominance to equal contributions by all four. Similarly, a broad array of promoter architectures was found, ranging from single PIF-binding sites, containing single sequence motifs, through multiple PIF-binding sites, each containing one or more motifs, with each site occupied prefer- entially by one to multiple PIFs. Quantitative analysis of the promoter occupancy and expression level induced by each PIF revealed an intriguing pattern. Although there is no robust correlation broadly across the target-gene population, examination of individual genes that are shared targets of multiple PIFs shows a gradation in correlation from strongly positive, through uncorrelated, to negative. This finding suggests a dual-layered mechanism of transcriptional regulation, comprising both a continuum of binding-site occupancy by each PIF and a superimposed layer of local regulation that acts differentially on each PIF, to modulate its intrinsic transcriptional activation capacity at each site, in a quantitative pattern that varies between the individual PIFs from gene to gene. These findings pr

关键词： phytochromes light-signaling PIFs bHLH transcription factors promoter occupancy Arabidopsis transcrip-tional regulation ChlP-seq RNA-seq.

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全球视野下的清代

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美术大观 2024年第5期 24-35页

作者： [荷]何安娜陈怡(译) 哈佛大学东亚语言与文明系英国华威大学历史学系英国国家学术院中央美术学院

本文将证明19世纪的中国仍然按千百年来的惯例,以多元形式来维持与广阔世界的联系。与此同时,全球范围内人口、物品以及思想的快速流动也给中国带来了全方位的变革。清朝流动人口离开国土,成为新社区的一部分,为整个东南亚和周边地区创... 详细信息

本文将证明19世纪的中国仍然按千百年来的惯例,以多元形式来维持与广阔世界的联系。与此同时,全球范围内人口、物品以及思想的快速流动也给中国带来了全方位的变革。清朝流动人口离开国土,成为新社区的一部分,为整个东南亚和周边地区创造了繁荣的物质条件和知识创新的场域。19世纪后半期,因遭到欧洲及日本侵略而被迫开放的通商口岸,改变了原有的制度,带来了新的技术和器物,让清王朝以及清朝公民的物质文化达到另一个高度。同时,随着人与物品的流动而产生的思想交流,创造出一种新的思想氛围。这些背景为19世纪末20世纪初的改革与革命奠定了一定基础。

关键词：全球性广州通商口传教士物质文化 “混合”

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Quantitative interactomic of CD40 in primary B cells

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hLife 2024年第2期2卷 88-93页

作者： Jeremy Argenty Emilie Maturin Mylene Camus Valentin Mellado Jeanne Perroteau Benoit Pasquier Guillaume Voisinne Odile Burlet-Schiltz Lih-Ling Lin anne Gonzalez de Peredo Romain Roncagalli Bernard Malissen Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy Aix Marseille UniversitéINSERMCNRSMarseilleFrance Centre d’Immunophénomique Aix Marseille UniversitéINSERMCNRS UMRMarseilleFrance Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Département Biologie Structurale BiophysiqueProtéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi Pyrénées CNRS UMR 5089205 Route de NarbonneToulouse CedexFrance Checkpoint Immunology Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic AreaSanofiVitryFrance Checkpoint Immunology Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic AreaSanofiCambridgeUSA

INTRODUCTION Over the past few decades,antibody-based therapies have emerged as an additional tool to treat patients developing cancer and auto-immune *** natural properties of the developed antibodies may lead to agonist or blocking functions for the targeted ***,antibodies developed for clinical trials are extensively analyzed in vitro and in vivo for safety and efficacy,yet they are not routinely evaluated for their potential signaling effectiveness.

关键词： routine antibodies clinical

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映澈之相:中古中国的透明性与转变

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美术观察 2024年第8期 37-48页

作者：冯安宁韩文文(译) 杨贤宗(校) 波士顿大学艺术与建筑史系哈佛大学东亚系不详

一般来讲,在现代社会当中所谓透明的事物如工业建筑空间和社会制度,代表了一种对于未来的积极想象。然而在中古世界,无论是西方还是中国,富有透明度的玻璃和水晶,往往十分珍贵稀少,并被赋予了神秘的色彩,为贵族、诗人和哲学家所青睐。... 详细信息

一般来讲,在现代社会当中所谓透明的事物如工业建筑空间和社会制度,代表了一种对于未来的积极想象。然而在中古世界,无论是西方还是中国,富有透明度的玻璃和水晶,往往十分珍贵稀少,并被赋予了神秘的色彩,为贵族、诗人和哲学家所青睐。这是因为每当人们观看此类物品时,都会拥有不同的视觉经验。对于我国外来玻璃器皿和水晶制品的考古学和物质文化学研究已经非常丰富,基于前辈学者的研究,本文将探讨中国中古时期外来玻璃及水晶制品对于本土视觉文化的影响。笔者将从隋唐佛教舍利瘗埋制度、唐代文学、朝贡系统、宫廷造办等多方面视角,研究透明性视觉经验在中国中古社会文化中起到的重要作用及其对于后世绘画与再现空间的影响。

关键词：玻璃水晶透明性视觉经验物质文化舍利瘗埋唐代何家村窖藏

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ESTIMATION AND UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION FOR PIECEWISE SMOOTH SIGNAL RECOVERY

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2023年第2期41卷 246-262页

作者： Victor Churchill anne Gelb Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Mathematics Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA

This paper presents an application of the sparse Bayesian learning(SBL)algorithm to linear inverse problems with a high order total variation(HOTV)sparsity *** the problem of sparse signal recovery,SBL often produces more accurate estimates than maximum a posteriori estimates,including those that useℓ1 ***,rather than a single signal estimate,SBL yields a full posterior density estimate which can be used for uncertainty ***,SBL is only immediately applicable to problems having a direct sparsity prior,or to those that can be formed via *** paper demonstrates how a problem with an HOTV sparsity prior can be formulated via synthesis,and then utilizes *** expands the class of problems available to Bayesian learning to include,e.g.,inverse problems dealing with the recovery of piecewise smooth functions or signals from *** examples are provided to demonstrate how this new technique is effectively employed.

关键词： High order total variation regularization Sparse Bayesian learning Analysis and synthesis Piecewise smooth function recovery

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