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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第3期3卷 347-354页

作者： Sarah E.morgan Lisa A.DeLouise Department of Environmental Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY 14642USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA Department of Dermatology University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY 14642USA Lake Ontario Center for Microplastics and Human Health in a Changing Environment University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY 14642USA

This project reports on the use of a novel nanomembrane filtering technology to isolate and analyze the bioactivity of microplastic(MP)-containing debris from Lake Ontario water *** MPs are a complex mixture of polymers and sorbed chemicals that are persistent and can exhibit a wide range of toxic *** human exposure to MPs is unavoidable,it is necessary to characterize their bioactivity to assess potential health *** work seeks to quantify MP presence in the nearshore waters of Lake Ontario and begin to characterize the bioactivity of the filtrate containing *** utilized silicon nitride(SiN)nanomembrane technology to isolate debris sized between 8 and 20μm from lake water samples collected at various times and *** were identified with Nile red ***-based assays were conducted directly on the filtered debris to test for cell viability,aryl hydrocarbon receptor(Ahr)activity,and interleukin 6(IL-6)levels as a measure of proinflammatory *** samples contained *** of the isolated debris impacted cell ***,Ahr activity and IL-6 levels varied over ***,no associations were observed between the amount of plastic and *** differences in activity are likely due to variations in the physiochemical properties of debris between *** results highlight the need for increased sampling to fully characterize the bioactivity of MPs in human cells and to elucidate the role that sample physiochemical and spatiotemporal properties play in this activity.

关键词： Microplastics SiN nanomembranes Lake Ontario Aryl hydrocarbon receptor(Ahr)activity IL-6 levels Bioactivity

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-related and imputable deaths in children:results from the French pediatric national registry

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第6期20卷 611-620页

作者： Marguerite Lockhart-Bouron Noemie Vanel Michael Levy Anais r.Briant Etienne Javouhey Sophie Breinig Julia Dina Marion Caseris Francois Angoulvant Stephane Leteurtre morgan recher David W.Brossier Univ.Lille CHU LilleULR 2694-METRICS:Evaluation Des Technologies de Sante Et Des Pratiques Medicales59000LilleFrance Pediatric Intensive Care Unit CHU de MarseilleMarseilleFrance Pediatric Intensive Care Unit CHU Robert-DebreAssistance Publique Hopitaux de ParisParisFrance UniversitéParis-Cite ParisFrance Biostatistics and Clinical research Unit CHU de Caen Normandie14000CaenFrance Pediatric Intensive Care Hospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance Neonatal andPediatric IntensiveCare Unit Children's HospitalToulouseFrance Virology Department INSERM U1311 DynamicureUniv CAEN NormandieCHU de Caen14000 CaenFrance Medical School Universite Caen Normandie14000 CaenFrance Department of Pediatrics CHU Robert-DebréAssistance Publique Hopitaux de ParisParisFrance Department Women-Mother-Child Service of PediatricsLausanne University Hospital(CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Réanimation Et Soins Intensifs PéediatriquesCHU de CAENAvenue de La Cote de Nacre14000 CaenFrance CHU Sainte Justine research Center MontréalCanada

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SArS-CoV-2)is responsible for an important mortality rate *** aimed to evaluate the actual imputability of SArS-CoV-2 on the mortality rate associated with SArS-CoV-2-related illnesses in the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Secondary objectives were to identify risk factors for *** This national multicenter comparative study comprised all patients under 18 years old with positive SArS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reactions(PCrs)[acute corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)or incidental SArS-CoV-2 infection]and/or pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome(PIMS)recorded in the French PICU registry(PICUre)between September 1,2021,and August 31,*** patients were classified and compared according to their living status at the end of their PICU *** patients were evaluated by four experts in the field of pediatric infectiology and/or pediatric intensive *** imputability of SArS-CoV-2 as the cause of death was classified into four categories:certain,very probable,possible,or unlikely,and was defined by any of the first three *** There were 948 patients included of which 43 died(4.5%).From this,26 deaths(67%)could be attributed to SArS-CoV-2 infection,with an overall mortality rate of 2.8%.The imputability of death to SArS-CoV-2 was considered certain in only one case(O.1%).Deceased patients suffered more often from comorbidities,especially heart disease,neurological disorders,hematological disease,cancer,and *** of the deceased patients were admitted for pediatric inflam-matory multisystem syndrome(PIMS).Mortality risk factors were male gender,cardiac comorbidities,cancer,and acute respiratorydistress *** SArS-CoV-2 mortality in the French pediatric population was *** though the imputability of SArS-Cov-2 on mortality was considered in almost two-thirds of cases,this imputability was considered certain in only one case.

关键词： Death Pediatric intensive care unit SArS-CoV-2

The new kid on the block in insect pest management:sprayable rNAi goes commercial

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1766-1768页

作者： Junjie Yan ralf Nauen Stuart reitz Andrei Alyokhin Jiang Zhang David Mota-Sanchez Yonggyun Kim Subba reddy Palli Silvia I.rondon Brian A.Nault Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes Michael S.Crossley William E.Snyder angharad M.r.Gatehouse Myron P.Zalucki Bruce E.Tabashnik Yulin Gao State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Bayer AG Crop Science DivisionR&DPest ControlMonheim 40789Germany Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityOntario 97914USA School of Biology and Ecology University of MaineOrono 04469USA Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China Department of Entomology Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48864USA Department of Plant Medicals Andong National UniversityAndong 36729Republic of Korea Department of Entomology University of KentuckyLexington 40503USA Oregon State University Oregon Integrated Pest Management CenterCorvallis 97838USA Department of Entomology Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGeneva 14456USA Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of DelawareNewark 19716USA Department of Entomology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia 30602USA School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUK School of the Environment University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Shandong Engineering research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Department of Entomology University of ArizonaTucson 85721USA National Center of Excellence for Tuber and root Crop research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Insect pest damage to crops is a threat to global food security(Tilman et al.,2011).Climate change,the evolution of insecticide resistance,and the phasing out of insecticides due to environmental and safety concerns exacerbate this *** urgently need safe and effective crop protection tools to sustainably generate yields that meet ever-increasing global demand.

关键词： crops damage pest

基因对于儿童肥胖的影响在小于胎龄儿童中或不重要

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营养健康新观察 2013年第1期 51-51页

作者： Dug Yeo Han rinki Murphy angharad r morgan 郭婧张帆

小于胎龄儿在日后的生活中面临着更高的患肥胖症和代谢性疾病的风险,目前认为这种风险主要与小于胎龄儿出生后生长加速有关。研究人员对奥克兰出生体重协作研究项目中的小于胎龄儿和适于胎龄儿做了研究,测量并计算这些儿童的BMI-Z评分,... 详细信息

关键词：小于胎龄儿生长加速儿童肥胖出生后成人肥胖代谢性疾病肥胖程度重复测量评分法单核苷酸多

Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis M. rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. morgan Frank M. Hons William L. rooney Gerald r. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green Manure Deer Browse Forage Cropping Systems

Legume Green Manure and Intercropping for High Biomass Sorghum Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis M. rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. morgan Frank M. Hons William L. rooney Gerald r. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) production systems on a Lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). Main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGM) and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three sub-plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGM), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSr), and sorghum monocrop (SOrG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub-sub plots. The CLGM increased (P sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPSr treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SOrG;whereas CPGM increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-Biomass Sorghum Legumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

Improving sorghum digestion in broilers by targeting fermentation of xylan

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 198-206页

作者： Natalie K.morgan Andrew Wallace Michael r.Bedford University of New England School of Environmental and Rural ScienceArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia AB Vista Woodstock CourtBlenheim RoadMarlborough Business ParkMarlboroughWiltshireEnglandUnited Kingdom Curtin University Kent StreetBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia

This study was to examine if it is possible to accelerate sorghum digestion in broiler chickens by targeting fermentation of the *** 500 broilers(n=960,80 birds per treatment)were fed 12 sorghumsoybean meal-based dietary treatments fed as 3 phases(starter d 0 to 12,grower d 13 to 23,finisher d 24 to 35),with 8 replicate pens of 10 birds per *** half of the treatments(n=6),10%of the sorghum in the diet was directly replaced with 10%wheat bran,as a source of fermentable *** diets were supplemented with either 0,50 or 2,000 mg/kg xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS),with or without xylanase *** weight gain(BWG),feed intake(FI)and feed conversion corrected for mortality(cFCr)was determined at d 0 to 35,and male and female body weight were measured on d *** d 35,ileum and caeca samples were collected from 2 birds per pen,for determination of caecal cellulase and xylanase activity,microbiota composition and short chain fatty acid(SCFA)concentration,and ileal XOS *** with 2,000 mg/kg XOS caused increased BWG at d 0 to 35(P=0.007)and enhanced caecal propionic,valeric and succinic acid concentration(Pran increased FI(P=0.018)and BWG(P=0.016),as well as caecal Bifidobacteria concentration(Pration was greatest when feeding combined wheat bran,2,000 mg/kg XOS,and xylanase,resulting in increased caecal total SCFA,acetic acid and butyric acid concentration,and xylanase and cellulase activity(Presults from this study present that feed efficiency in birds fed sorghum-based diets is improved as a consequence of supplementing with fermentable fibre,xylanase and XOS.

关键词： Xylanase Sorghum Oligosaccharides Broiler

Impacts of increased α-synuclein on clathrin-mediated endocytosis at synapses:implications for neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural regeneration research 2018年第4期13卷 647-648页

作者： Audrey T.Medeiros Luigi Bubacco Jennifer r.morgan The Eugene Bell Center for regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering Marine Biological Laboratory Department of Biology University of Padova

α-Synuclein causes synaptic pathologies in several neurodegenerative diseases：Parkinson’s disease（PD）is a neurodegenerative disease that impacts the lives of millions of people worldwide.A pathological hallmark of PD,as well as dementia with Lewy bodies（DLB）and several Alzheimer’s disease variants,is the appearanceof intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies, which contain high levels of aggregated α-synuclein,

关键词： synuclein on clathrin-mediated endocytosis at synapses:implications for neurodegenerative diseases Impacts of increased

Helicobacter pylori recurrence after eradication in Latin America:Implications for gastric cancer prevention

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第4期9卷 184-193页

作者： Juan E Corral robertino Mera Corey W Dye Douglas r morgan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionVanderbilt University Department of Medicine University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

To estimate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) recurrence rate in Latin America, a region with a significant H. pylori prevalence and gastric cancer burden. METHODSPubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane databases and abstracts from relevant meetings were reviewed. Information collected included: Participants’ characteristics, recruitment strategy, diagnostic modality, treatment arms, follow-up and recurrence rates. recurrence was calculated using 100-patients-year rates, and data were pooled using a random effects model. The I2 statistic assessed between study heterogeneity. Meta-regression analyses evaluated for effect modifying variables. rESULTSLiterature search yielded 163 articles. Twelve studies involving 4848 patients from 9 countries met inclusion criteria. Four hundred and thirty-two reinfections were recorded in 5487 person-years of follow-up. Pooled analysis showed a recurrence rate of 7.9 cases per 100 person-years (95%CI: 5.3-10.5). Meta-regression revealed that neither the antibiotic schema, a second antibiotic course, nor the diagnostic modality had an impact on the observed risk of recurrence. The recurrence rate in the first year after treatment, predominantly recrudescence, was 11.2 (6.1-16.4) per 100 patient years. recurrence in subsequent years, was only 6.2 (3.8-8.7). CONCLUSIONH. pylori recurrence rates in Latin America are significant, and with geographic variability, yet are acceptable based upon the current literature for consideration of large scale intervention trials. Further research in Latin America is warranted to evaluate the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and potential adverse outcomes of proposed eradication programs.

关键词： Gastric cancer reinfection Hispanic Helicobacter pylori Latin America