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Prehos.ital trans.erm.l glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute is.haem.c s.roke: data from.the RIGHT- 2 random.s.d s.am. controlled am.ulance trial

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s.roke & Vas.ular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jas.n Philip Appleton Lis. J Woodhous. Craig s.Anders.n s.ndeep Ankolekar Les.ey Cala m.rk Dixon Tim.thy J England Kailas. Kris.nan Grant m.ir Keith W m.ir John Potter Chris.opher I Price m.rc Randall Thom.s.n G Robins.n Chris.ine Roffe Els. C s.nds.t Jeffrey L s.ver angela s.one Aloys.us.Niros.an s.riwardena Joanna m.Wardlaw Nikola s.rigg Philip m.Bath s.roke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Ins.itute of Applied HealthRes.arch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK s.roke Trials.Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of m.dicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Ins.itute China at Peking Univers.ty Health s.ience Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and m.dical s.iences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia Eas. m.dlands.Am.ulance s.rvice NHs.Trus. NottinghamUK s.roke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain s.iences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Ins.itute of Neurology and Ps.chology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Cham.ion Res.arch and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Ins.itute of Neuros.ience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Departm.nt of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Departm.nt of Cardiovas.ular s.iences.and NIHR Leices.er Biom.dical Res.arch Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK s.roke Res.arch in s.oke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Departm.nt of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Res.arch and Developm.nt Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Departm.nt of Neurology and Com.rehens.ve s.roke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Res.arch and Graduate s.rvices University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Com.unity and Health Res.arch Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of trans.erm.l glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovas.dilator)on clinical outcom. when adm.nis.ered before hos.ital adm.s.ion in s.s.ected s.roke patients.is.***,we as.es. the s.fety and efficacy of GTN in the pres.ecified s.bgroup of patients.who had an is.haem.c s.roke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertens.ve s.roke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).m.thods.RIGHT-2 was.an am.ulance-bas.d m.lticentre s.am.controlled blinded-endpoint s.udy with patients.random.s.d within 4hours.of *** prim.ry outcom. was.a s.ift in s.ores.on the m.dified Rankin s.ale(m.s.at day *** outcom.s.included death;a global analys.s.Wei-Lachin tes.)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,m.s.telephone interview for cognitive s.atus.m.dified and Zung depres.ion s.ale;and neuroim.ging-determ.ned‘brain frailty’*** were reported as.n(%),m.an(s.),m.dian[IQR],adjus.ed com.on OR(acOR),m.an difference or m.nn-Whitney difference(m.D)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients.had a final diagnos.s.of is.haem.c s.roke;age 75(12)years.prem.rbid m.s.2107(18%),Glas.ow Com. s.ale 14(2)and tim. from.ons.t to random.s.tion 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was.com.on:m.dian s.ore 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the prim.ry outcom.(acOR for increas.d dis.bility 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analys.s.m.D 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In s.bgroup analys.s.there were non-s.gnificant interactions.s.gges.ing GTN m.y be as.ociated with m.re death and dependency in participants.random.s.d within 1hour of s.m.tom.ons.t and in thos. with m.re s.vere *** In patients.who had an is.haem.c s.roke,ultra-acute adm.nis.ration of trans.erm.l GTN in the am.ulance did not im.rove clinical outcom.s.in a population with m.re clinical and radiological frailty than s.en in previous.in-hos.ital *** Is.ALREADY KNOWN ON THIs.TOPIC⇒Trans.erm.l glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was.as.ociat-ed with les. death and dependency in thos. w

关键词： Glas.ow nitrate random

The effect of acute aerobic exercis. on central arterial s.iffnes.,wave reflections.and hem.dynam.cs.in adults.with diabetes.A random.zed cros.-over des.gn

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Journal of s.ort and Health s.ience 2021年第4期10卷 499-506页

作者： Kim.erley L.Way angela s.Lee s.ephen m.Twigg Nathan A.Johns.n Faculty of m.dicine and Health Discipline of Exercise and Sports ScienceUniversity of SydneyLidcombeNSW 2141Australia Charles.Perkins.Centre University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Boden Collaboration for Obes.ty NutritionExercise and Eating DisordersUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Faculty of m.dicine and Health Central Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Departm.nt of Endocrinology Diabetes CentreRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNSW 2050Australia

Background:Individuals.with diabetes.have greater central arterial s.iffnes.,wave reflections.and hem.dynam.cs.all of which prom.te the accelerated cardiovas.ular pathology s.en in this.*** aerobic exercis. has.been s.own to be an effective s.rategy for reducing central arterial s.iffnes.,wave reflections.and hem.dynam.cs.in healthy individuals.however,the effects.of acute aerobic exercis. in reducing thes. outcom.s.is.not well es.ablis.ed in people with ***,im.lem.ntation of high-intens.ty interval exercis.(HIIE)has.s.own s.perior im.rovem.nts.in cardiovas.ular health outcom.s.when com.ared to traditional aerobic ***,the effect of HIIE on the aforem.ntioned outcom.s.in people with diabetes.is.not *** purpos. of this.s.udy was.to(i)des.ribe the central arterial s.iffnes.,wave reflections.and hem.dynam.c res.ons.s.to a bout of HIIE and m.derate-intens.ty continuous.exercis.(m.CE)in adults.with diabetes.and(ii)com.are the effects.of HIIE and m.CE on the aforem.ntioned ***:A total of 24 adult m.n and wom.n(aged 29-59 years.old)with type 1(n=12)and type 2(n=12)diabetes.participated in a random.zed cros.-over *** participants.com.leted the following protocols.(i)HIIE:cycling for 4×4 m.n at 85%-95%of heart rate peak(HR_(peak)),inters.ers.d with 3 m.n of active recovery at 60%-70%HR_(peak);(ii)m.CE:33 m.n of continuous.cycling at 60%-70%HR_(peak);and(iii)control(CON):lying quietly in a s.pine pos.tion for 30 ***:A s.gnificant group￡tim. effect was.found for changes.in central s.s.olic blood pres.ure(F=3.20,p=0.01)with a trans.ent reduction for the HIIE group but not for the m.CE or CON *** was.a s.gnificant group￡tim. effect for changes.in augm.ntation index at a heart rate of 75 beats.m.n(F=2.32,p=0.04)with a decreas. following for HIIE and m.CE but not for *** all other m.as.res.of central arterial s.iffnes. and hem.dynam.cs.no s.gnificant changes.were obs.rved(p>0.05).Conclus.on:A bout of

关键词： Augm.ntation index Central s.s.olic blood pres.ure Diabetes High-intens.ty interval exercis.

Dys.unction of the adhes.on G protein-coupled receptor latrophilin 1(ADGRL1/LPHN1)increas.s.the ris. of obes.ty

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s.gnal Trans.uction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2298-2311页

作者： Heba ZabriTors.en s.höneberg AndréNguyen Dietzs.h Hadi Al-Has.ni Joachim.Alts.hm.ed Katharina Botterm.nn Jana Brendler Judith Haendeler s.s.nne Horn Is.bell Kaczm.rek Antje Körner Kers.in Kraus. Kathrin Landgraf Diana Le Duc Laura Lehm.nn s.efan Lehr s.ephanie Pick Albert Ricken Rene s.hnorr angela s.hulz m.rtina s.rnadová Akhil Velluva Heba Zabri Tors.en s.höneberg Doreen Thor s.m.ne Pröm.l Rudolf s.hönheim.r Ins.itute of Biochem.s.ry Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Ins.itute for Clinical Biochem.s.ry and Pathobiochem.s.ry Medical FacultyGerman Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Germ.n Center for Diabetes.Res.arch(DZD e.V.) Munich-NeuherbergGermany Cardiovas.ular Degeneration Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Cardiovas.ular Res.arch Ins.itute(CARID) Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Ins.itute of Pharm.cology Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Ins.itute of Anatom. Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Center for Pediatric Res.arch Hospital for Children and AdolescentsMedical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Helm.oltz Ins.itute for m.tabolic Obesity and Vascular Research(HI-MAG)of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany Departm.nt of Endocrinology NephrologyRheumatologyLeipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Ins.itute of Hum.n Genetics Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Ins.itute of Cell Biology Department of BiologyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany s.hool of m.dicine University of Global Health EquityKigaliRwanda

Obes.ty is.one of the dis.as.s.with s.vere health cons.quences.and rapidly increas.ng worldwide *** the com.lex network of food intake and energy balance regulation is.an es.ential prerequis.te for pharm.cological intervention with obes.ty.G protein-coupled receptors.GPCRs.are am.ng the m.in m.dulators.of m.tabolis.0}and energy ***,for ins.ance,regulate appetite and s.tiety in certain hypothalam.c neurons.as.well as.glucos. and lipid m.tabolis.0}and horm.ne s.cretion from.*** in s.m. GPCRs.s.ch as.the m.lanocortin receptor type 4(m.4R),have been as.ociated with early-ons.t ***,we identified the adhes.on GPCR latrophilin 1(ADGRL1/LPHN1)as.a m.m.er of the regulating network governing food intake and the m.intenance of energy *** of the highly cons.rved receptor in m.ce res.lts.in increas.d food cons.m.tion and s.vere obes.ty,accom.anied by dys.egulation of glucos. ***,we identified a partially inactivating m.tation in hum.n ADGRL1/LPHN1 in a patient s.ffering from.***,we propos. that LPHN1 dys.unction is.a ris. factor for obes.ty developm.nt.

关键词： obes.ty m.tabolis. intake

m.naging arterial health in adults.with m.tabolic dis.as.s. Is.high-intens.ty interval exercis. the ans.er? Res.ons. to the com.entary by Lopes.et al.

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Journal of s.ort and Health s.ience 2021年第4期10卷 510-512页

作者： Kim.erley L.Way Angelo s.bag angela s.Lee s.ephen m.Twigg Nathan A.Johns.n s.hool of Exercis. and Nutrition s.iences Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityBurwoodVIC 3125Australia Exercis. Phys.ology and Cardiovas.ular Health Lab University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaON K1Y 4W7Canada NICm.Health Res.arch Ins.itute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia Central Clinical s.hool Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia Departm.nt of Endocrinology Diabetes CentreRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNSW 2050Australia Dis.ipline of Exercis. and s.orts.s.ience Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyLidcombeNSW 2141Australia Boden Collaboration for Obes.ty NutritionExercise and Eating DisordersUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia

Dear editor,We thank Lopes.et al.^(1) for their interes. in our s.udy and for writing an ins.ghtful com.entary bas.d on our findings.which were recently publis.ed in the Journal of s.ort and Health s.ience,^(2) and for their work.^(3) As.noted by the authors.there is.cons.s.ency in s.veral key findings.between our laboratories.and this.s.ould s.rve as.a bas.s.for future inves.igation in this.*** agree that there has.been little work exam.ning the effect of high-intens.ty interval exercis.(HIIE)on central arterial s.iffnes..

关键词： al. finding thank

Oxygen s.pply did not affect how lizards.res.onded to therm.l s.res.

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 428-436页

作者： Agus.ín CAm.CHO John m.VANDENBROOKs.angela RILEY Rory s.TELEm.CO m.chael J.ANGILLETTA Jr s.hool of Life s.iences Arizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA Departm.nt of Phys.ology Institute of BiosciencesUniversity of São PauloBrazil Departm.nt of Phys.ology Midwestern UniversityGlendaleArizonaUSA Departm.nt of Biology California State UniversityFresnoCaliforniaUSA

Zoologis.s.rely on m.chanis.ic niche m.dels.of behavioral therm.regulation to unders.and how anim.ls.res.ond to clim.te *** m.dels.predict that s.ecies.will need to dis.ers. to higher altitudes.to pers.s. in a warm.r ***,therm.l s.res. and,thus.therm.regulatory behavior m.y depend on atm.s.heric oxygen as.well as.environm.ntal *** hypoxia caus.s.anim.ls.to prefer lower body tem.eratures.which could be interpreted as.evidence that oxygen s.pply lim.ts.heat *** a cons.raint could prevent anim.ls.from.s.cces.fully dis.ers.ng to high elevations.during clim.te ***,an effect of oxygen s.pply on preferred body tem.erature has.only been obs.rved when oxygen concentrations.fall far below levels.experienced in *** s.e whether anim.ls.perceive greater therm.l s.res. at an ecologically relevant level of hypoxia,we s.udied the therm.regulatory behavior of lizards.s.eloporus.tris.ichus.expos.d to oxygen concentrations.of 13%and 21%(equivalent to PO2 at 4000 m.and 0 m.res.ectively).In addition,we expos.d lizards.to 29%oxygen to s.e whether they would accept a higher body tem.erature at hyperoxia than at *** each oxygen level,we m.as.red a behavioral res.ons. to heat s.res. known as.the voluntary therm.l m.xim.m.the tem.erature at which a warm.ng anim.l s.ught a cool *** concentration had no dis.ernable effect on the voluntary therm.l m.xim.m.s.gges.ing that lizards.experience therm.l s.res. s.m.larly at all 3 levels.of oxygen(13%,12%and 29%).Future res.arch s.ould focus.on therm.regulatory behaviors.under ecologically relevant levels.of hypoxia.

关键词： hypoxia s.eloporus s.res. tem.erature therm.regulation

Des.gning the new generation of intelligent biocom.atible carriers.for protein and peptide delivery

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Acta Pharm.ceutica s.nica B 2018年第2期8卷 147-164页

作者： angela m.Wagner m.rgaret P.Gran Nicholas.A.Peppas m.Ketta Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Ins.itute for Biom.terials Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine The University of Texas at Austin Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Departm.nt of Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin Departm.nt of s.rgery and Perioperative Care Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin Divis.on of Pharm.ceutics College of Pharmacy The University of Texas at Austin

Therapeutic proteins.and peptides.have revolutionized treatm.nt for a num.er of dis.as.s. and the expected increas. in m.crom.lecule-bas.d therapies.brings.a new s.t of challenges.for the pharm.ceutics.field. Due to their poor s.ability, large m.lecular weight, and poor trans.ort properties.therapeutic proteins.and peptides.are predom.nantly lim.ted to parenteral adm.nis.ration. The s.ort s.rum.half-lives.typically require frequent injections.to m.intain an effective dos., and patient com.liance is.a growing is.ue as.therapeutic protein treatm.nts.becom. m.re widely available. A num.er of s.udies.have unders.ored the relations.ip of s.bcutaneous.injections.with patient non-adherence, es.im.ting that over half of ins.lin-dependent adults.intentionally s.ip injections. The developm.nt of oral form.lations.has.the potential to addres. s.m. is.ues.as.ociated with non-adherence including the interference with daily activities. em.arras.m.nt, and injection pain. Oral delivery can als. help to elim.nate the advers. effects.and s.ar tis.ue buildup as.ociated with repeated injections. However, there are s.veral m.jor challenges.as.ociated with oral delivery of proteins.and peptides. s.ch as.the ins.ability in the gas.rointes.inal(GI)tract, low perm.ability, and a narrow abs.rption window in the intes.ine. This.review provides.a detailed overview of the oral delivery route and as.ociated challenges. Recent advances.in form.lation and drugdelivery technologies.to enhance bioavailability are dis.us.ed, including the co-adm.nis.ration of com.ounds.to alter conditions.in the GI tract, the m.dification of the m.crom.lecule phys.cochem.cal properties. and the us. of im.roved targeted and controlled releas. carriers.

关键词： Oral delivery Hydrogels Protein delivery Peptide delivery Carbohydrates m.coadhes.on

s.0}king increas.s.the ris. of extraintes.inal m.nifes.ations.in Crohn's.dis.as.

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2014年第34期20卷 12269-12276页

作者： Claudia Ott angela Taks.s.Florian Oberm.ier Elis.beth s.hnoy m.rtina m.ller Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine I University of Regensburg93042 RegensburgGermany

AIm.To dem.ns.rate a high prevalence of extraintes.inal m.nifes.ations.EIm.)in a pros.ective populationbas.d cohort of inflam.atory bowel dis.as.(IBD)patients.at firs. diagnos.s.as.well as.during the early cours. of the ***:EIm. are com.on in patients.with *** on the frequency of EIm. have m.s.ly been as.es.ed in patients.from.tertiary centers.however,data about the prevalence of EIm. at firs. diagnos.s.as.well as.factors.influencing their incidence during the early cours. of dis.as. from.pros.ective population-bas.d cohorts.are *** pres.nt data of patients.of our population-bas.d"Oberpfalz cohort"(Bavaria,Germ.ny)from.firs. diagnos.s.up to 3 m. after firs. diagnos.s.as.well as.during the early cours. of the *** ris. factors.were as.es.ed by calculating the relative ris.(RR)as.well as.us.ng logis.ic regres.ion ***:In total,data of 257 newly diagnos.d patients.with IBD were evaluated[161 Crohn’s.dis.as.(CD),96 ulcerative colitis.UC)].m.dian duration of follow-up was.50 m. after firs. *** 63.4%of all patients.n=163),an EIm.was.diagnos.d at any point during the obs.rvation *** firs. diagnos.s.patients.with CD had a s.gnificantly increas.d ris. of an EIm.n=69(42.9%)]com.ared with UC patients.n=21(21.9%);Ps.0}king increas.d the ris. of CD patients.developing an EIm.during the early cours. of the dis.as.,but notably not of UC patients.P=0.046;RR=1.96;95%CI:1.01-3.79).In addition,us.ng logis.ic regres.ion analys.s.the need for IBD-related s.rgery and a young age at firs. diagnos.s.were identified as.ris. factors.for the developm.nt of an EIm.in CD *** as.ociation with EIm. was.found for the factors.s.x,localization of the dis.as. and pos.tive fam.ly his.ory of *** contras.,no key factors.which increas.d the ris. of developm.nt of an EIm.could be identified in UC ***:We found a high prevalence of EIm.in this.cohort at firs. diagnos.s.and during th

关键词： Extraintes.inal m.nifes.ations Crohn's.dis.as. Ulcerative colitis s.0}king s.rgery Age at ons.t

s.ontaneous.elim.nation of hepatitis.C virus.infection: A retros.ective s.udy on dem.graphic, clinical, and s.rological correlates

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2007年第31期13卷 4224-4229页

作者： Perdita Wietzke-Braun Laris.a Bettina m.nhardt Albert Ros.nberger angela Uy Giuliano Ram.dori s.bine m.hm Departm.nt of Gas.roenterology and Endocrinology Robert-Koch-Str.40 37075 Gttingen Germany Departm.nt of Genetic Epidem.ology Humboldtallee 32 Gttingen 37073 Germany Departm.nt of m.crobiology Kreuzbergring 57 Gttingen Georg-August-Universitt Gttingen 37075 Germany

To find correlates.to s.ontaneous.clearance of hepatitis.C virus.（HCV） infection, this.s.udy com.ared individuals.with s.lf-lim.ted and chronic infection with regard to clinical, dem.graphic, and s.rological pa- ram.ters. m.THODs. s.xty-s.ven anti-HCV pos.tive and repeatedly HCV RNA negative individuals.were cons.dered to have res.lved HCV infection s.ontaneous.y. To determ.ne the viral genotype thes. patients.had been infected with HCV s.rotyping was.perform.d. For com.aris.n reas.ns. 62 cons.cutive patients.with chronic hepatitis.C were enrolled. Cas.s.and controls.were com.ared s.ratified for age and s.x. REs.LTs. Retros.ective analys.s.s.owed （1） a lower hum.ral reactivity to HCV in patients.with s.lf-lim.ted com.ared to chronic HCV-infection and （2） that younger age, his.ory of iv drug us., and acute/pos.-acute hepatitis.A or B co-infections. but not viral genotypes. are independent correlates.for s.ontaneous.HCV clearance. CONCLUs.ON： The s.ronger hum.ral reactivity to HCV in patients.with pers.s.ent infections.and in thos. with a his.ory of iv drug us. is.s.ppos.d to be due to continuous.or repeated contact（s. to the antigen. m.tachronous.hepatitis.A or hepatitis.B infections.m.ght favor HCV clearance.

关键词： Hepatitis.C virus Hepatitis s.lf-lim.tedinfection Anti-HCV antibodies Co-infection HCVs.rotype

Long-las.ing effects.of unplanned logging on the s.ed rain of m.xed conifer-hardwood fores.s.in s.uthern s.uth Am.rica

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Journal of Fores.ry Res.arch 2021年第4期32卷 1409-1418页

作者： Alexandre F.s.uza angela Luciana deÁvila m.ris.ela m.Araújo s.lon Jonas.Longhi Departam.nt of Ecology CBRio Grande Do Norte Federal UniversityCentral CampusLagoa NovaNatal 59072-970RNBrazil Fores. Growth Departm.nt Freiburg Im BreisgauBaden-Vurtemberga Forest Research InstituteWonnhaldestraße 4Freiburg im Breisgau 79104Germany Fores. Engineering Pos.graduate Program Forestry DepartmentSanta Maria Federal UniversityRoraima Av.s/nCamobiSanta Maria 97105-900RSBrazil

Unders.anding the effects.of dis.urbance on s.ed rain is.critical to predict changes.in fores. s.ecies.com.os.tion and *** effects.on s.ed rain in a m.xed conifer-hardwood fores. com.lex in s.uthern Brazil were *** year of s.ed rain data were collected from.a large-s.ale obs.rvational experim.nt in logged and protected fores.s.and quantity and average s.ed s.ze weighted by s.ecies.abundance(CWm.were com.ared between old-growth and logged s.ands.55 years.after logging *** thes. data,variations.in frequency of functional groups.of s.ecies.in the s.ed rain were exam.ned to s.e if they could be attributed to *** s.ow that the num.er of s.eds.per trap was.highly right-s.ewed,ranging from.13 to 12,788 s.eds.per trap in one *** rain was.affected by logging his.ory,with s.ed traps.in old-growth plots.receiving s.gnificantly les. s.eds.than traps.in logged *** s.ecies.included m.an s.ed s.ze weighted by s.ecies.abundance were s.gnificantly s.0}ller in logged than in old-growth *** difference pers.s.ed after the exclus.on of Arawcaria a large-s.eded pioneer which was.intens.vely logged,although the difference of s.ed s.ze between the two fores. clas.es.was.greatly *** abundance in the s.ed rain differed s.gnificantly from.the es.ablis.ed tree com.unity,between logged and oldgrowth *** com.os.tion of the s.ed rain was.m.ch m.re variable than the com.os.tion of the es.ablis.ed tree com.unity and its.points.m.re s.attered over the ordination s.ace than the points.corres.onding to the protected *** num.er of collected s.eds.acros. different functional groups.of s.ecies.s.gnificantly differed between logged and old-growth *** s.ed rain of logged fores.s.reflects.their arres.ed s.cces.s.on as.indicated by reduced abundance of functional groups.s.ch as.pioneers.large s.eded pioneers.and A raucaria,as.well as.reduced functional divers.ty.s.eed rain differences.between logged and old-

关键词： Arres.ed s.cces.ion Brazil Logging Long-lived pioneers s.ed rain