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Status and trends of carbon emissions research at the county level in China

Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 338-352页

作者： ang-zu cai Ru GUO Yu-Hao ZHang Jiang WU College of Environmental Science and Engineering Institute of Environmental Planning and ManagementTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Megacity Elaborated Urban Governance Institute Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges to achieving carbon neutrality at the county level in China and offers targeted recommendations,laying the groundwork for future specialized research in this area.A total of 283 relevant studies(2004-2023)were analyzed to assess county-level carbon emissions through three phases:bibliometric analysis,frontier analysis,and future *** findings reveal that publication trends were largely influenced by domestic and foreign *** cluster discerns ten primary themes,ranging from conceptual frameworks to research *** frontier analysis of the literature highlights the leading research areas,which include carbon neutrality pathway,driving factors,spatiotemporal variation of carbon emissions,the co-effects of pollutants and carbon reduction,and carbon emissions in China's rural *** from the results of bibliometric and frontier analyses,this study elucidates the recommendations for achieving carbon neutrality at the county level from three perspectives:effective regional policy guidance,emphasis on ecological conservation,and the deployment of advanced carbon reduction and sequestration *** study enriches the body of knowledge on carbon emissions at the county level and holds significant implications for China's comprehensive push towards achieving its carbon neutrality objectives.

关键词： Carbon emissions Emission reduction County Carbon neutrality Sustainability

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Collision risk assessment of reduced aircraft separation minima in procedural airspace using advanced communication and navigation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第4期36卷 315-337页

作者： Qing cai Hao Jie ang Sameer ALAM Air Traffic Management Research Institute School of Mechanical&Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University639798Singapore

With the advancement of Communication,Navigation and Surveillance(CNS)technolo-gies such as space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast/Contract(ADS-B/C),large separation minima may be reduced in procedural *** is of great significance to know the upper limit of the Reduced Separation Minima(RSM)for a procedural airspace and the corre-sponding consequences on collision risk with specifics of the advanced ADS-B and control interven-tion *** this work,an interactive software is first developed for collision risk *** software integrates the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)collision risk models for lateral and longitudinal collision risk calculation for the Singapore procedural *** demonstrate that the lateral and longitudinal collision risk of Singapore procedural airspace with respect to current control procedures meets the ICAO Target Level of Safety(TLS)***,the feasibility of reducing the horizontal separations implemented in the Singapore pro-cedural airspace with respect to advanced CNS techniques is *** is found that if advanced CNS technologies are applied,then the current 50-NM lateral and longitudinal separa-tion standards can be reduced to 22 NM(1 NM=1.825 km)and 20 NM,respectively,to meet the TLS standards based on current demand.A method is then devised to expand the traffic demand by p for p∈[10%,200%].It is found that the minimum lateral and longitudinal separa-tions can be reduced from 50 NM to be within the range of[23,31]NM,and 20 NM,respectively,for p∈[10%,200%],while the collision risk still meets the TLS standards.

关键词： Air transportation Collision risk Procedural airspace Separation minima Space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Bro adcast/Contract(ADS-B/C)

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Equilibrium of Organic Matter in Heavy Fraction for Three Long-term Experimental Field Soils in China

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Pedosphere 2006年第2期16卷 177-184页

作者： YIN Yun-Feng cai zu-Cong State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China）.

Considerable evidence that the soil organic matter （OM） level in agricultural soils will gradually over time reach an equilibrium state under certain bioclimatic conditions and for certain cropping systems has been accumulating. Although models or long-term experiments have been used, this research used physical fractionation procedure to attain an soil OM equilibrium value. To obtain soil OM equilibrium values in the heavy fraction, typical soils from three long-term field experiments at Fengqiu and Yingtan State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Stations in China were studied using a simple density fractionation procedure and employing the Langmuir equation. Results for the fluvo-aquic soil with organic fertilizer treatments indicated that the soil OM equilibrium value in the heavy fraction was twofold more than that in the inorganic treatments; however, for the paddy soil developed on red soil the OM equilibrium value in the heavy fraction for both treatments was almost identical. It suggested that for fiuvo-aquic soils the increased potential of OM for the heavy fraction in the long run was larger for the organic than the inorganic fertilizer applications, whereas for paddy soils developed on red soils under the same conditions the present OM content in the heavy fraction was at or close to this equilibrium level for all treatments, and increased potential was very limited.

关键词： equilibrium value heavy fraction Langmuir equation soil organic matter

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Decomposition and Products of Wheat and Rice Straw from a FACE Experiment Under Flooded Conditions

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Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 389-397页

作者： LIU Juan HAN Yong cai zu-Cong State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 （China） School of Environmental Science and Technology Zhejiang Forestry University Lin＇an Hangzhou 311300 （China）

Winter wheat and rice straw produced under ambient and elevated CO2 in a China rice-wheat rotation free-air CO2 enrichment （FACE） experiment was mixed with a paddy soil at a rate of 10 g kg^-1 （air-dried）, and the mixture was incubated under flooded conditions at 25℃ to examine the differences in decomposition as well as the products of crop residues produced under elevated CO2. Results showed that the C/N ratio and the amount of soluble fraction in the amended rice straw grown under elevated CO2 （FR） were 9.8% and 73.1% greater, and the cellulose and lignin were 16.0% and 9.9% lesser than those of the amended rice straw grown under ambient CO2 （AR）, respectively. Compared with those of the AR treatment, the CO2-C and CH4-C emissions in the FR treatment for 25 d were increased by 7.9% and 25.0%, respectively; a higher ratio of CH4 to CO2 emissions induced by straw in the FR treatment was also observed. In contrast, in the treatments with winter wheat straw, the CO2-C and CH4-C emissions, the ratio of straw-induced CH4 to CO2 emissions, and the straw composition were not significantly affected by elevated CO2, except for an 8.0% decrease in total N and a 9.7% increase in C/N ratio in the wheat straw grown under elevated CO2. Correlation analysis showed that the net CO2-C and CH4-C emission from straw and the ratio of straw-induced CH4 to CO2 emissions were all exponentially related to the amount of soluble fraction in the amended straw （P 〈0.05）. These indicated that under flooded conditions, the turnover and CH4 emission from crop straw incorporated into soil were dependent on the effect of elevated CO2 on straw composition, and varied with crop species. Incorporation of rice straw grown under elevated CO2 would stimulate CH4 emission from flooded rice fields, whereas winter wheat straw grown under elevated CO2 had no effect on CH4 emission.

关键词： carbon cycle CH4 CO2 emissions soluble fraction

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Effects of Long-Term Application of Inorganic Fertilizers on Biochemical Properties of a Rice-Planting Red Soil

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Pedosphere 2007年第4期17卷 419-428页

作者： ZHONG Wen-Hui cai zu-Cong ZHang He State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China）. College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210097 （China）

A long-term experiment was set up in Yingtan of Jiangxi Province to investigate the effects of long-term application of inorganic fertilizers on the biochemical properties of a rice-planting soil derived from Quaternary red earth. Noncultivated soils are extremely eroded and characterized by a low pH and deficiencies in available nutrients, in particular P and N. After 13 years of inorganic fertilization in cultivation for double-cropped rice, the biochemical properties of the soil were changed. The nitrification potential and urease activity were higher in the treatments with N application than those without N application, Acid phosphatase activity and dehydrogenase activity were also higher in the treatments with P application than in those without P application. The dehydrogenase activity correlated well with the concentrations of both total P and hydrolysable N and with rice crop yield, suggesting that dehydrogenase activity might be a suitable indicator for improvement in soil fertility.

关键词： enzyme ergosterol inorganic fertilizer nitrification potential rice-planting red soil

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Relationship between light and heavy fractions of organic matter for several agricultural soils in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第6期17卷 917-920页

作者： YIN Yun-feng cai zu-cong LU Jia-long State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China College of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China College of Resourcesand Environment Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 China

Although numerous studies about the nature and turnover of soil organic matter（SOM） in light and heavy fractions（ LFOM and HFQM, respectively） have been made, little information is available in relation to the relationship between LFQM and HFOM, and no attempts have been made to quantify a general relationship between LFQM and HFQM for agricultural soils under field condition. Qur hypothesis is there may be an inherent relationship between LFQM and HFQM for agricultural soils under certain unaltered management practices for a long period, to this end, we therefore studied typically soils taken from different parts in China by using a simple density fractionation procedure. The results indicated that LFQM was positively correlated with LFOM/HFOM ratio for three typical soils. This information will be of particular use not only in deepening our understanding of the dynamics of SQM fractions but also in evaluating the potential of agricultural soils to sequestrate C under different management practices in a long term.

关键词： soil organic matter light fraction heavy fraction agricultural soils

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Experimental study on dynamic mechanism of vortex evolution in a turbulent boundary layer of low Reynolds number

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第5期32卷 807-819页

作者： Yan-ang Guo Xiang-rui Dong Xiao-shu cai Wu Zhou School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Shanghai Power Engineering Shanghai 200093China

The dynamic mechanism of the vortex generation and evolution process in a fully developed turbulent boundary layer with Reθ=97-194 is experimentally *** this study,a moving single-frame and long-exposure(MSFLE)imaging method and a moving particle image velocimetry/particle tracing velocimetry(M-PIV/PTV)are designed and implemented for measuring the temporal and spatial evolution of vortex cores in both qualitative and quantitative ways,*** the other hand,the Liutex vector,which is a new mathematical definition and identification of the vortex core proposed by Liu’s group,is first applied in the experiment for the structural visualization and quantitative analysis of the local fluid *** results show that an intuitional process of vortex evolution can be clearly observed by tracking the vortex using MSFLE and verify that the roll-up of the shear layer induced by shear instability is the origin of vortex formation in ***,a quantitative investigation in terms of the critical vortex core boundary(size)and its accurate rotation strength is carried out based on the Liutex vector field analysis by M-PIV/*** to statistics of the relation between vortex core size and the rotation strength during the whole process,the physical mechanism of vortex generation and evolution in a turbulent boundary layer of low Reynolds number can be summarized as a four-dominant-state course consisting of the“synchronous linear segment(SL)-absolute enhancement segment(AE)-absolute diffusion segment(AD)-skewing dissipation segment(SD)”.

关键词： Turbulent boundary layer high-and low-speed fluid vortex generation moving single-frame and long-exposure moving particle image velocimetry/particle tracing velocimetry Liutex vector

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Effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrous oxide emission in a sandy loam soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第2期19卷 185-193页

作者： DING Wei-xin MENG Lei cai zu-cong HAN Feng-xiang State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China College of Agriculture South China University of Tropical Agriculture Danzhou 571737 China Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University StarkviUe MS 39759 USA

To understand the effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and N fertilizer on N2O emission in the North China Plain, a laboratory incubation at different temperatures and soil moistures were carried out using soils treated with organic manure （OM）, half organic manure plus half fertilizer N （HOM）, fertilizer NPK （NPK）, fertilizer NP （NP）, fertilizer NK （NK）, fertilizer PK （NK） and control （CK） since 1989. Cumulative N2O emission in OM soil during the 17 d incubation period was slightly higher than in NPK soil under optimum nitrification conditions （25℃ and 60% water-filled pore space, WFPS）, but more than twice under the optimum denitrification conditions （35℃ and 90% WFPS）. N2O produced by denitrification was 2.1-2.3 times greater than that by nitrification in OM and HOM soils, but only 1.5 times greater in NPK and NP soils. These results implied that the long-term amendment of organic manure could significantly increase the N2O emission via denitrification in OM soil as compared to NPK soil. This is quite different from field measurement between OM soil and NPK soil. Substantial inhibition of the formation of anaerobic environment for denitrification in field might result in no marked difference in N2O emission between OM and NPK soils. This is due in part to more rapid oxygen diffusion in coarse textured soils than consumption by aerobic microbes until WFPS was 75% and to low easily decomposed organic C of organic manure. This finding suggested that addition of organic manure in the tested sandy loam might be a good management option since it seldom caused a burst of N2O emission but sequestered atmospheric C and maintained efficiently applied N in soil.

关键词： denitrification N fertilizer nitrification N2O emission organic manure

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Gut microbiota alteration and modulation in hepatitis B virus-related fibrosis and complications:Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic inventions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第28期28卷 3555-3572页

作者： Yao-Guang Li zu-Jiang Yu ang Li Zhi-Gang Ren Department of Infectious Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052Henan ProvinceChina Gene Hospital of Henan Province Precision Medicine CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052Henan ProvinceChina Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory Jinan 250000Shandong ProvinceChina

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)has posed a threat to public health,mainly resulting in liver *** long-term accumulation of extracellular matrix,patients with chronic hepatitis B are at high risk of developing into liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and even life-threatening hepatic *** occurrence of complications such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatic encephalopathy greatly increases disability and *** deeper understanding of the bidirectional interaction between the liver and the gut(gut-liver axis),there is a growing consensus that the human health closely relates to the gut *** by animal and human studies,the gut microbiota alters as the HBV-related liver fibrosis initials and progresses,characterized as the decrease of the ratio between“good”and“potentially pathogenic”*** the primary disease is controlled via antiviral treatment,the gut microbiota dysfunction tends to be ***,the recovery of gut microbiota can promote the regression of liver *** strategies targeted on gut microbiota(rifaximin,probiotics,engineered probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation)have been applied to animal models and patients,obtaining satisfactory results.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Gut microbiota Liver fibrosis Liver cirrhosis Hepatic encephalopathy Fecal microbiota transplantation

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Recent improvements to the physical model of the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea Operational Oceanography Forecasting System

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第11期40卷 87-103页

作者： ang Li Xueming Zhu Yunfei Zhang Shihe Ren Miaoyin Zhang Ziqing zu Hui Wang Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519000China

In order to satisfy the increasing demand for the marine forecasting capacity,the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea Operational Oceanography Forecasting System(BYEOFS)has been upgraded and improved to Version *** on the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS),a series of comparative experiments were conducted during the improvement process,including correcting topography,changing sea surface atmospheric forcing mode,adjusting open boundary conditions,and considering atmospheric pressure correction.(1)After the topography correction,the volume transport and meridional velocity maximum of Yellow Sea Warm Current increase obviously and the unreasonable bending of its axis around 36.1°N,123.5°E disappears.(2)After the change of sea surface forcing mode,an effective negative feedback mechanism is formed between predicted sea surface temperature(SST)by the ocean model and sea surface radiation fluxes *** simulation errors of SST decreased significantly,and the annual average of root-mean-square error(RMSE)decreased by about 18%.(3)The change of the eastern lateral boundary condition of baroclinic velocity from mixed Radiation-Nudging to Clamped makes the unreasonable westward current in Tsushima Strait disappear.(4)The adding of mean sea level pressure correction option which forms the mean sea level gradient from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea to the western Pacific in winter and autumn is helpful to increasing the fluctuation of SLA and outflow of the Yellow Sea when the cold high air pressure system controls the Yellow Sea area.

关键词： Operational Oceanography Forecasting System East China Sea SST Yellow Sea Warm Current

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