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DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE AS FILLER MATERIALS IN POLYSODIUM ACRYLATE SUPERABSORBENTS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2011年第4期29卷 407-413页

作者： Mikael Larsson Qi Zhou anette Larssona Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden Wallenberg Wood Science Center Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden School of Biotechnology Royal Institute of Technology SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden

Three types of microfibrillated cellulose （MFC） with differences in structure and surface charge were used at low concentration as filler materials in polysodium acrylate superabsorbents （SAPs）. The swelling of the composite hydrogels was determined in 0.9% NaCl solution as well as in deionized water. The shear modulus of the samples was determined through uniaxial compression analysis after synthesis and after swelling in 0.9% NaC1 solution. Furthermore, the ability to retain filler effects after washing was investigated. The results showed that all of the investigated MFCs had a strong reinforcing effect on the shear modulus after synthesis. The filler effect on swelling and on the associated shear modulus of swollen samples showed a more complicated dependence on structure and surface charge. Finally, it was found that the filler effects were reasonably retained after washing and subsequent drying. The results confirm that MFC holds great potential as a filler material in superabsorbent applications. Furthermore, the results provide some insight on how the structural properties and surface charge of MFC will affect gel properties depending on swelling conditions. This information should be useful in evaluating the use of different types of MFC in future applications.

关键词： SAP MFC Microfibrillated cellulose Polyacrylic acid Hydrogels.

Formulation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems containing monoacyl phosphatidylcholine and Kolliphor^(■) RH40 using experimental design

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第6期13卷 536-545页

作者： Thuy Tran Thomas Rades anette Müllertz Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Bioneer: FARMA Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen

The development of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems(SNEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs is usually based on traditional one-factor-at-a-time approaches. These approaches may be inadequate to analyse the effect of each excipient and their potential interactions on the emulsion droplet size formed when dispersing the SNEDDS in an aqueous environment. The current study investigates the emulsion droplet sizes formed from SNEDDS containing different levels of the natural surfactant monoacyl phosphatidylcholine to reduce the concentration of the synthetic surfactant polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil(Kolliphor ~? RH40). Monoacyl phosphatidylcholine was used in the form of Lipoid S LPC 80(LPC, containing approximately 80% monoacyl phosphatidylcholine, 13% phosphatidylcholine and 4% concomitant components). The investigated SNEDDS comprised of long-chain or medium-chain glycerides(40% to 75%), Kolliphor ~? RH40(5% to 55%), LPC(0 to 40%) and ethanol(0 to 10%). D-optimal design, multiple linear regression, and partial least square regression were used to screen different SNEDDS within the investigated excipient ranges and to analyse the effect of each excipient on the resulting droplet size of the dispersed SNEDDS measured by dynamic light scattering. All investigated formulations formed nano-emulsions with droplet sizes from about 20 to 200 nm. The use of mediumchain glycerides was more likely to result in smaller and more monodisperse droplet sizes compared to the use of long-chain glycerides. Kolliphor~? RH40 exhibited the most significant effect on reducing the emulsion droplet sizes. Increasing LPC concentration increased the emulsion droplet sizes, possibly because of the reduction of Kolliphor~? RH40 concentration. A higher concentration of ethanol resulted in an insignificant reduction of the emulsion droplet size. The study provides different ternary diagrams of SNEDDS containing LPC and Kolliphor ~? RH40 as a reference for form

关键词： Monoacyl phosphatidylcholine Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems D-optimal design Polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil Kolliphor^(■)(RH40) Droplet size Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy

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The Calcineurin B-Like Ca2＋ Sensors CBL1 and CBL9 Function in Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth in Arabidopsis

作者： anette Dralle[等]原版

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1149-1162页

作者： anette Maihs Leonie Steinhorst Jian-Pu Han Li-Ke Shen Yi Wang Jorg Kudla Institut for Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen Universitat MOnster Schlossplatz 4 48149 MOnster Germany State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological Sciences National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing) China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China

Ca2＋ has been established as an important second messenger regulating pollen germination and tube growth. However, to date, only a few signaling components have been identified to decode and relay Ca2＋ signals in growing pollen tubes. Here, we report a function for the calcineurin B-like （CBL） Ca2＋ sensor proteins CBL1 and CBL9 from Arabidopsis in pollen germination and tube growth. Both proteins are expressed in mature pollen and pollen tubes and impair pollen tube growth and morphology if transiently overexpressed in tobacco pollen. The induction of these phenotypes requires efficient plasma membrane targeting of CBL1 and is independent of Ca2＋ binding to the fourth EF-hand of CBL1. Overexpression of CBL1 or its closest homolog CBL9 in Arabidopsis renders pollen germination and tube growth hypersensitive towards high external K＋ concentrations while disruption of CBL1 and CBL9 reduces pollen tube growth under low K~ conditions. Together, our data identify a crucial function for CBL1 and CBL9 in pollen germination and tube growth and suggest a model in which both proteins act at the plasma membrane through regulation of K＋ homeostasis.

关键词： calcium CBL pollen tube growth potassium

Exploring the utility of the Chasing Principle:influence of drug-free SNEDDS composition on solubilization of carvedilol, cinnarizine and R3040 in aqueous suspension

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2019年第1期9卷 194-201页

作者： Scheyla Daniela Siqueira J?rgensen Thomas Rades Huiling Mu Kirsten Graeser anette Müllertz Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Roche Pharma Research and Development Therapeutic Modalities Roche Innovation Center Basel

This study assessed the influence of the composition of drug-free SNEDDS co-dosed with aqueous suspensions of carvedilol(CAR), cinnarizine(CIN) or R3040 on drug solubilization in a twocompartment in vitro lipolysis model. Correlation of drug log P or solubility in SNEDDS with drug solubilization during in vitro lipolysis in the presence of drug-free SNEDDS was assessed. SNEDDS with varying ratios of soybean oil:Maisine 35-1(1:1, w/w) and Kolliphor RH40, with ethanol at 10%(w/w) were used. SNEDDS were named F65, F55 and F20(numbers refer to the percentage of lipids) and aqueous suspensions without drug-free SNEDDS(F0) were also analyzed. While the ranking order of drug solubilization was F65? F55? F204F0 for CAR; F65? F554F204F0 for CIN and F65? F55? F204F0 for R3040-with higher CAR solubilization than for R3040 and CIN-the ranking of S_(eq)of CAR, CIN and R3040 in SNEDDS was F65 o F55o F20, F65? F554F20 and F654F554F20, respectively. Therefore, the composition of SNEDDS influenced the solubilization of CIN, but not CAR and R3040. Furthermore, high S_(eq) in SNEDDS did not reflect high drug solubilization. As CAR(log P 3.8) showed higher solubilization than CIN(log P 5.8) and R3040(log P 10.4), a correlation between drug log P and drug solubilization was observed.

关键词： Self-nanoemulsiying drug delivery system(SNEDDS) Chasing principle Two-compartment in vitro lipolysis Rat gastrointestinal conditions Drug solubilization

Characteristics, development and utilization of geothermal resources- a Nordic perspective

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Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 140-147页

作者： John W. Lund Leif Bjelm Gordon Bloomquist anette K. Mortensen Geo-Heat Center Oregon Institute of Technology Klamath Falls Oregon USA. Engineering Geology Department Lund University Lund Sweden. WSU Energy Program Washington State University Olympia Washington USA. Iceland GeoSurvey Reykjavfk Iceland.

Geothermal energy is classified as a renewable energy source and it utilizes the heat generated in the earth primarily from the natural radioactive decay of isotopes of uranium, thorium and potassium. Heat is extracted from the earth to generate geothermal energy via a carrier, usually water occurring either in the liquid or steam phase. In the late 19th century and the early 20th century, the first developments of geothermal resources for power generation and household heating got underway successfully. Many of these geothermal fields are still being utilized today, proving their sustainability. Today geothermal energy is being utilized in more than 72 countries around the world and of the Nordic countries Iceland and Sweden have been in the forefront in each of their respective fields. While geothermal heat pumps are widely used for space heating in Sweden, geothermal energy covers 55% of the primary energy consumption in Iceland where it is used for space heating, power generation and industrial purposes. Future developments aim at expanding the range of viable geothermal resources by improving the capabilities to generate electricity from geothermal resources at temperatures as low as 100℃, as well as developing geothermal resources where water needs to be introduced, so-called hot dry rock resources. But the biggest expansion is expected to continue to be in the installations of geothermal heat pumps.

关键词：地热资源资源利用资源开发合理利用北欧地区

Impact of human sequences in variable domains of therapeutic antibodies on the location of CD4 T-cell epitopes

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第6期17卷 656-658页

作者： Sylvain Meunier Moustafa Hamze anette Karle Marie de Bourayne Abdelaziz Gdoura Sebastian Spindeldreher Bernard Maillère CEA-Saclay Institut Frederic JoliotSIMOPROUniversitéParis-Saclay91191 Gif sur YvetteFrance Novartis Pharma AG BaselSwitzerland Present address:Integrated Biologix GmbH BaselSwitzerland

The clinical efficacy of therapeutic antibodies is recognized in many indications,explaining their rapid rise in the worldwide drug ***,therapeutic antibodies can be immunogenic by inducing a specific immune response characterized by the production of anti-drug antibodies(ADAs).ADAs can potentially increase the clearance of therapeutic antibodies,decrease their therapeutic effects1 and induce hypersensitivity *** humans are thought to be tolerant to their own proteins,sequences of the therapeutic antibodies have been humanized or human antibodies have been directly generated by technologies using human ***,human(ized)antibodies exhibit highly variable levels of immunogenicity,1,2 illustrating the poor understanding of the role of sequence humanization in mitigating the immunogenicity of therapeutic *** lines of evidence highlight the role of CD4 T lymphocytes during the initiation of an ADA response,3 but few T-cell epitopes of marketed therapeutic antibodies have been described to date.

关键词： therapeutic antibodies clinical

The Nordic geological surveys： Geology for society in practice

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Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 193-200页

作者： Morten Smelror Andreas AhlstrФm Lena Ekelund Jens Morten Hansen Keijo Nenonen anette K. Mortensen Geological Survey of Norway （NGU） Leiv Eirikssons vei 39 NO-7491 Trondheim Norway. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland （GEUS） Фster Voldgade 10 DK-1350 KCbenhavn K Denmark. Geological Survey of Sweden （SGU） Box 670 S-751 28 Uppsala Sweden. Geological Survey of Finland （GTK） P.O. Box 96 FI-02151 Espoo Finland. Iceland Geosurvey （ISOR） Grensaisvegi 9 108 Reykjavfk.Ucekabd.

Since the mid-nineteenth century., when the first of the Nordic Geological Surveys were established, they have generated a substantial amount of information on the Earth＇s crust, its natural resources, its processes, and on the geological history of Nordic areas. The collective mission of the geological surveys is to carry out ＂Geology for Society＂, by doing research and providing services, and by making geological information and data easily accessible to all the varied end users in industry, government agencies, government institutes, public administrations, technical offices, academia and research institutes, as well as for private individuals. The present paper gives a brief overview of a few, selected, research areas and projects currently undertaken by the Nordic geological surveys. These serve as practical examples of how the Nordic geological surveys address important societal problems and challenges that require geological input for their solution.

关键词：地质学测量北欧地区社会实践公共管理

Cu-ZSM-5/堇青石整体式催化剂上NO的吸附态及分解反应机理

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催化学报 2001年第3期22卷 245-249页

作者：关乃佳单学蕾曾翔项寿鹤 anette TRUNSCHKE Manfred BAERNS 南开大学化学学院新催化材料科学研究所天津300071 柏林应用化学研究所

用傅里叶变换漫反射红外光谱法研究了原位合成的不同硅铝比的Cu ZSM 5 /堇青石整体式催化剂上一氧化氮的吸附态 ,以及温度和一氧化氮浓度对吸附态的影响 .结果表明 ,铜在整体式催化剂中主要以二价铜离子的形式存在 ,未发现一氧化氮在一... 详细信息

用傅里叶变换漫反射红外光谱法研究了原位合成的不同硅铝比的Cu ZSM 5 /堇青石整体式催化剂上一氧化氮的吸附态 ,以及温度和一氧化氮浓度对吸附态的影响 .结果表明 ,铜在整体式催化剂中主要以二价铜离子的形式存在 ,未发现一氧化氮在一价铜离子上的特征吸收峰 ;由二价铜的一氧化氮吸附物种衍生的Cu2 +(O) (NO)是与活性密切相关的物种 .

关键词： ZSM-5分子筛堇青石整体式催化剂傅里叶变换漫反射红外光谱法一氧化氮吸附态分解反应机理催化活性