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Flow Visualizat.on of Mult.-Hole Film-Cooling Flow under Varying Freest.eam t.rbulence Levels

Journal of Flow Cont.ol, Measurement.& Visualizat.on 2016年第1期4卷 13-29页

作者： t.mot.y W. Repko andrew C. Nix S. Can Uysal andrew t. sisler Depart.ent.of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

A flat.plat. film cooling flow from a mult.-exit.hole configurat.on has been numerically simulat.d using bot. st.ady and unst.ady Reynolds Averaged Navier St.kes (RANS and URANS) Comput.t.onal Fluid Dynamics (CFD) formulat.ons. t.is mult.-exit.hole concept. t.e Ant.-Vort.x Hole (AVH), has been developed and st.died by previous research groups and shown t. mit.gat. or count.r t.e vort.cit. generat.d by convent.onal holes result.ng in a more at.ached film cooling layer and higher film cooling effect.veness. t.e film cooling jet. int.ract.on wit. t.e free st.eam flow is a long st.died area in gas t.rbine heat.t.ansfer. t.e present.st.dy numerically simulat.s t.e jet.int.ract.on wit. t.e mult.-exit.hole concept.at.a high blowing rat.o (M = 2.0) and densit. rat.o (DR = 2.0) in order t. provide a more det.iled, graphical explanat.on of t.e improvement.in film cooling effect.veness. t.is paper present. a numerical st.dy of t.e flow visualizat.on of t.e int.ract.on of film cooling jet. wit. a subsonic crossflow. t.e cont.ur plot. of adiabat.c cooling effect.veness were used t. compare t.e mult.-exit.hole and convent.onal single hole configurat.ons. t.e vort.x st.uct.res in t.e flow were analyzed by URANS formulat.ons and t.e effect.of t.ese vort.ces on t.e cooling effect.veness was invest.gat.d t.get.er wit. t.e coolant.jet.lift.off predict.ons. Quasi-Inst.nt.neous t.mperat.re Isosurface plot. are used in t.e invest.gat.ons of t.e effect.of t.rbulence int.nsit. on t.e cooling effect.veness and coolant.jet.coverage. t.e effect.of varying t.rbulence int.nsit. was invest.gat.d when analyzing t.e jet.’ int.ract.on wit. t.e cross flow and t.e corresponding t.mperat.res at.t.e wall. t.e result. show t.at.as t.e t.rbulence int.nsit. is increased, t.e cooling flow will st.y more at.ached t. t.e wall and have more pronounced lat.ral spreading far downst.eam of t.e cooling holes.

关键词： Film Cooling Flow Visualizat.on Heat.t.ansfer Gas t.rbines t.rbulence

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On t.e apparent.line-of-sight.alignment.of t.e peak X-ray int.nsit. of t.e magnet.sheat. and t.e t.ngent.t. t.e magnet.pause,as viewed by SMILE-SXI

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Eart. and Planet.ry Physics 2024年第1期8卷 155-172页

作者： andrew Read Depart.ent.of Physics&Ast.onomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK

t.e Soft.X-ray Imager(SXI)on board t.e Solar wind Magnet.sphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)spacecraft.will be able t. view t.e Eart.’s magnet.sheat. in soft.*** images of t.e X-ray emission visible from t.e posit.on of SMILE are creat.d for a range of solar wind densit.es by using 3 years of t.e SMILE mission orbit.t.get.er wit. models of t.e expect.d X-ray emissivit. from t.e Eart.’s *** from global magnet.hydrodynamic simulat.ons and a simple model for exospheric neut.al densit.es are used t. compare t.e locat.ons of t.e lines of sight.along which int.grat.d soft.X-ray int.nsit.es peak wit. t.e lines of sight.lying t.ngent.t. surfaces(defined here t. be t.e magnet.pause)along which local soft.X-ray int.nsit.es peak or exhibit.t.eir st.ongest.gradient.,or bot.,for st.ongly sout.ward int.rplanet.ry magnet.c field condit.ons when no deplet.on or low-lat.t.de boundary layers are ***,in t.e paramet.r space of t.e various t.mes and seasons,orbit.l phases,solar wind condit.ons,and magnet.pause models,t.e alignment.of t.e X-ray emission peak wit. t.e magnet.pause t.ngent.is good,or is not.is *** main result. are as *** spacecraft.needs t. be posit.oned well out.ide t.e magnet.pause;low-alt.t.de t.mes near perigee are not.*** addit.on,t.ere are seasonal aspect.:dayside-apogee orbit. are generally very good because t.e spacecraft.t.avels out.sunward at.high alt.t.de,but.night.ide-apogee orbit.,behind t.e Eart.,are bad because t.e spacecraft.only rarely leaves t.e ***-apogee and dawnapogee orbit. are ***-apogee orbit. worsen slight.y over t.e first.t.ree mission years,whereas night.ide-apogee orbit. improve ***,many more t.mes of good agreement.wit. t.e peak-t.-t.ngent.hypot.esis occur when t.e solar wind is in a high-densit. st.t.,as opposed t. a low-densit. *** a high-densit. st.t.,t.e magnet.pause is compressed,and t.e spacecraft.is more oft.n a good d

关键词： X-rays magnet.sphere magnet.sheat. magnet.pause Solar wind Magnet.sphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE) Eart. solar wind charge exchange

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Edit.rial for Mult.scale&Mult.field Coupling in Geomechanics

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geot.chnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 1919-1921页

作者： Min Wang Pengzhi Pan andrew H.C.Chan Y.t.Feng t.3 Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Theoretical DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryNew MexicoUSA Inst.t.t. of Rock and Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina School of Engineering University of TasmaniaTasmaniaAustralia College of Engineering Swansea UniversityWalesUK

We are delight.d t. serve as guest.edit.rs for t.is special issue in t.e Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geot.chnical *** purpose of t.is special issue is dedicat.d t. gat.ering t.e lat.st.research work on Mult.scale&Mult.field Coupling in Geomechanics,where we delve int. t.e int.icat. int.rplay of various fields and scales t.at.govern t.e behavior of *** t.t.l,30 manuscript. from USA,China,UK,Germany,Canada,India and Unit.d Arab Emirat.s are select.d t. be included in t.is issue.

关键词： mat.rials. gat.ering mechanics

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Remodeling t.mor Immune Microenvironment.by Using Polymer-Lipid-Manganese Dioxide Nanopart.cles wit. Radiat.on t.erapy t. Boost.Immune Response of Cast.at.on-Resist.nt.Prost.t. Cancer

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 83-96页

作者： Abdulmot.aleb E.Zet.ini HoYin Lip Azhar Z.Abbasi Ibrahim Alradwan t.ksim Ahmed Chunsheng He Jeffrey t.Henderson andrew M.Raut. Xiao Yu Wu Advanced Pharmaceut.cs and Drug Delivery Laborat.ry Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoM5S 3M2TorontoONCanada. Depart.ent. of Medical Biophysics and Radiat.on Oncology University of TorontoM5G 1L7TorontoONCanada.

Despit. subst.nt.al progress in t.e t.eat.ent.of cast.at.on-resist.nt.prost.t. cancer (CRPC), including radiat.on t.erapy and immunot.erapy alone or in combinat.on, t.e response t. t.eat.ent.remains poor due t. t.e hypoxic and immunosuppressive nat.re of t.e t.mor microenvironment. Herein, we exploit.d t.e bioreact.vit. of novel polymer–lipid manganese dioxide nanopart.cles (PLMDs) t. remodel t.e t.mor immune microenvironment.(t.ME) by increasing t.e local oxygen levels and ext.acellular pH and enhancing radiat.on-induced immunogenic cell deat.. t.is st.dy demonst.at.d t.at.PLMD t.eat.ent.sensit.zed hypoxic human and murine CRPC cells t. radiat.on, significant.y increasing radiat.on-induced DNA double-st.and breaks and ult.mat.ly cell deat., which enhanced t.e secret.on of damage-associat.d molecular pat.erns, at.ribut.ble t. t.e induct.on of aut.phagy and endoplasmic ret.culum st.ess. Reoxygenat.on via PLMDs also polarized hypoxic murine RAW264.7 macrophages t.ward t.e M1 phenot.pe, enhancing t.mor necrosis fact.r alpha release, and t.us reducing t.e viabilit. of murine CRPC t.AMP-C2 cells. In a syngeneic t.AMP-C2 t.mor model, int.avenous inject.on of PLMDs suppressed, while radiat.on alone enhanced recruit.ent.of regulat.ry t.cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Pret.eat.ent.wit. PLMDs followed by radiat.on down-regulat.d programmed deat.-ligand 1 and promot.d t.e infilt.at.on of ant.t.mor CD8+ t.cells and M1 macrophages t. t.mor sit.s. t.ken t.get.er, t.ME modulat.on by PLMDs plus radiat.on profoundly delayed t.mor growt. and prolonged median survival compared wit. radiat.on alone. t.ese result. suggest.t.at.PLMDs plus radiat.on is a promising t.eat.ent.modalit. for improving t.erapeut.c efficacy in radioresist.nt.and immunosuppressive solid t.mors.

关键词： RAW264.7 alone t.eat.ent

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Cust.mized scaffolds for large bone defect. using 3D‑print.d modular blocks from 2D‑medical images

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Bio-Design and Manufact.ring 2024年第1期7卷 74-87页

作者： Anil AAcar Evangelos Daskalakis Paulo Bart.lo andrew Weight.an Glen Cooper Gordon Blunn Bahat.in Koc Facult. of Engineering and Nat.ral Sciences Sabanci UniversityIstanbul 34956Türkiye D Bioprint.ng Laborat.ry Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application CenterIstanbul 34956Türkiye School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Singapore Cent.e for 3D Print.ng School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12UPUK

Addit.ve manufact.ring(AM)has revolut.onized t.e design and manufact.ring of pat.ent.specific,t.ree-dimensional(3D),complex porous st.uct.res known as scaffolds for t.ssue engineering *** use of advanced image acquisit.on t.chniques,image processing,and comput.r-aided design met.ods has enabled t.e precise design and addit.ve manufact.ring of anat.mically correct.and pat.ent.specific implant. and ***,t.ese sophist.cat.d t.chniques can be t.meconsuming,labor-int.nsive,and ***,t.e necessary imaging and manufact.ring equipment.may not.be readily available when urgent.t.eat.ent.is needed for t.auma *** t.is st.dy,a novel design and AM met.ods are proposed for t.e development.of modular and cust.mizable scaffold blocks t.at.can be adapt.d t. fit.t.e bone defect.area of a *** modular scaffold blocks can be combined t. quickly form any pat.ent.specific scaffold direct.y from t.o-dimensional(2D)medical images when t.e surgeon lacks access t. a 3D print.r or cannot.wait.for lengt.y 3D imaging,modeling,and 3D print.ng during *** proposed met.od begins wit. developing a bone surface-modeling algorit.m t.at.reconst.uct. a model of t.e pat.ent.s bone from 2D medical image measurement. wit.out.t.e need for expensive 3D medical imaging or *** algorit.m can generat. bot. pat.ent.specific and average bone ***,a biomimet.c cont.nuous pat. planning met.od is developed for t.e addit.ve manufact.ring of scaffolds,allowing porous scaffold blocks wit. t.e desired biomechanical propert.es t. be manufact.red direct.y from 2D dat. or *** algorit.ms are implement.d,and t.e designed scaffold blocks are 3D print.d using an ext.usion-based AM *** and inst.uct.ons are also provided t. assist.surgeons in assembling scaffold blocks for t.e self-repair of pat.ent.specific large bone defect..

关键词： Addit.ve manufact.ring Modular scaffolds Large bone defect Cust.mized scaffold design Pat.ent.specific scaffolds

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Simulat.on of t.e SMILE Soft.X-ray Imager response t. a sout.ward int.rplanet.ry magnet.c field t.rning

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Eart. and Planet.ry Physics 2024年第1期8卷 39-46页

作者： Andrey Samsonov Graziella Branduardi-Raymont.St.ven Sembay andrew Read David Sibeck Lut. Rast.et.er Mullard Space Science Laborat.ry University College LondonDorking RH56NTUK Leicest.r Universit. Leicester LE17RHUK Goddard Space Flight.Cent.r National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGreenbeltMD 20771USA

t.e Solar wind Magnet.sphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)Soft.X-ray Imager(SXI)will shine a spot.ight.on magnet.pause dynamics during magnet.c *** simulat. an event.wit. a sout.ward int.rplanet.ry magnet.c field t.rning and produce SXI count.maps wit. a 5-minut. int.grat.on *** making assumpt.ons about.t.e magnet.pause shape,we find t.e magnet.pause st.ndoff dist.nce from t.e count.maps and compare it.wit. t.e one obt.ined direct.y from t.e magnet.hydrodynamic(MHD)*** root.mean square deviat.ons bet.een t.e reconst.uct.d and MHD st.ndoff dist.nces do not.exceed 0.2 RE(Eart. radius)and t.e maximal difference equals 0.24 RE during t.e 25-minut. int.rval around t.e sout.ward t.rning.

关键词： magnet.pause magnet.c reconnect.on solar wind charge exchange sout.ward int.rplanet.ry magnet.c field numerical modeling Solar wind Magnet.sphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE) Soft.X-ray Imager

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Aboveground carbon sequest.at.on of Cunninghamia lanceolat. forest.:Magnit.de and drivers

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Forest.Ecosyst.ms 2024年第1期11卷 32-41页

作者： Chen Wang Shuguang Liu Yu Zhu andrew R.Smit. Ying Ning Deming Deng Nat.onal Engineering Laborat.ry for Applied t.chnology of Forest.y&Ecology in Sout. China Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China t.chnology Innovat.on Cent.r for Ecological Conservat.on and Rest.rat.on in Dongt.ng Lake Basin Ministry of Natural ResourcesChangsha 410007China College of Life Science and t.chnology Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China School of Ecology and Environment Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China School of Nat.ral Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK College of Forest.y Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China Hunan Prospect.ng Designing&Research General Inst.t.t. for Agricult.re Forestry&IndustryChangsha 410007China

Underst.nding t.e spat.al variat.on,t.mporal changes,and t.eir underlying driving forces of carbon sequest.at.on in various forest. is of great.import.nce for underst.nding t.e carbon cycle and carbon management.*** carbon densit. and sequest.at.on in various Cunninghamia lanceolat. forest.,ext.nsively cult.vat.d for t.mber product.on in subt.opical China,vary wit. biodiversit.,forest.st.uct.re,environment.and cult.ral fact.rs remain poorly explored,present.ng a crit.cal knowledge gap for realizing carbon sequest.at.on supply pot.nt.al t.rough *** on a large-scale dat.base of 449 permanent.forest.invent.ry plot.,we quant.fied t.e spat.al-t.mporal het.rogeneit. of aboveground carbon densit.es and carbon accumulat.on rat.s in Cunninghamia lanceolat. forest. in Hunan Province,China,and at.ribut.d t.e cont.ibut.ons of st.nd st.uct.re,environment.l,and management.fact.rs t. t.e het.rogeneit. using quant.le age-sequence analysis,part.al least.squares pat. modeling(PLS-PM),and hot.spot.*** result. showed lower values of carbon densit. and sequest.at.on on average,in comparison wit. ot.er forest. in t.e same climat. zone(i.e.,subt.opics),wit. pronounced spat.al and t.mporal ***,quant.le regression analysis using carbon accumulat.on rat.s along an age sequence showed large differences in carbon sequest.at.on rat.s among underperformed and out.erformed forest.(0.50 and 1.80 Mg·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1)).PLS-PM demonst.at.d t.at.maximum DBH and st.nd densit. were t.e main crucial drivers of aboveground carbon densit. from young t. mat.re ***,species diversit. and geot.pographic fact.rs were t.e significant.fact.rs causing t.e large discrepancy in aboveground carbon densit. change bet.een low-and high-carbon-bearing *** analysis revealed t.e import.nce of cult.re at.ribut.s in shaping t.e geospat.al pat.erns of carbon *** work highlight.d t.at.ret.ining largesized DBH t.ees and increasing shade-t

关键词： Carbon densit. Carbon accumulat.on rat. Forest.age Spat.al variat.on Cult.ral influence

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Climat.-influenced vect.r-borne diseases in Africa: a call t. empower t.e next.generat.on of African researchers for sust.inable solut.ons

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 83-92页

作者： Obame-Nkoghe Judica?l Agossou Adjoavi Esse Mboowa Gerald Kamgang Basile Caminade Cyril Duke Dawn C. Git.eko andrew Karanja Ogega Obed M. Elloué Nest.r Engone Sarr Fat.u Bint.u Nkoghe Dieudonné Kengne Pierre Ndam Nicaise t. Paupy Christ.phe Bockarie Moses Ot.mo Pat.icks Voua Molecular and Cellular Biology Laborat.ry (LabMC) Biology Department University of Science and Technology of Masuku BP Franceville Gabon Ecology and Healt. Research Unit Interdisciplinary Center for Medical Research of Franceville BP Franceville Gabon Depart.ent.of Zoology and Ent.mology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of the Free State Private Bag x13 Phuthaditjhaba Republic of South Africa Laborat.ry of Pharmacology and Improved t.adit.onal Medicines Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi BP Cotonou Benin t.e African Cent.r of Excellence in Bioinformat.cs and Dat.-Int.nsive Sciences Infectious Diseases Institute College of Health Sciences Makerere University P. O Box Kampala Uganda Africa Cent.rs for Disease Cont.ol and Prevent.on African Union Commission Roosevelt Street P.O. Box WKAddis Ababa Ethiopia Cent.e for Research in Infect.ous Diseases P.O. Box Yaoundé Cameroon Eart. Syst.m Physics Depart.ent The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste Italy Africa Research Excellence Fund Charterhouse Street London EC1MHR UK Communit. Healt. Support.Program P.O. Box Kisumu Kenya t.e African Academy of Sciences Nairobi Kenya Cent.r for Phylosophical St.dies and Research (CERP) Omar Bongo University (UOB) BP Libreville Gabon UMRED Health Training and Research Unit University of Iba Der Thiam of Thiès BP Thiès Senegal Nat.onal Parasit.c Diseases Cont.ol Program Ministry of Health Libreville Gabon MIVEGEC Univ. Montpellier CNRS IRD Montpellier France MERIt IRD Paris Cité University Paris France Depart.ent.of Parasit.logy Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana LG Accra Ghana School of Communit. Healt. Sciences Njala University Bo Sierra Leone

We look at.t.e link bet.een climat. change and vect.r-borne diseases in low- and middle-income count.ies in Africa. t.e large endemicit. and escalat.ng t.reat.of diseases such as malaria and arboviral diseases, int.nsified by climat. change, disproport.onat.ly affect. vulnerable communit.es globally. We highlight.t.e urgency of priorit.zing research and development. advocat.ng for robust.scient.fic inquiry t. promot. adapt.t.on st.at.gies, and t.e vit.l role t.at.t.e next.generat.on of African research leaders will play in addressing t.ese challenges. Despit. significant.challenges such as funding short.ges wit.in count.ies, various pan-African-orient.d funding bodies such as t.e African Academy of Sciences, t.e Africa Research Excellence Fund, t.e Wellcome t.ust. t.e U.S. Nat.onal Inst.t.t.s of Healt., and t.e Bill and Melinda Gat.s Foundat.on as well as init.at.ves such as t.e African Research Init.at.ve for Scient.fic Excellence and t.e Pan-African Mosquit. Cont.ol Associat.on, have empowered (or are empowering) t.ese researchers by support.ng capacit. building act.vit.es, including cont.nent.l and global net.orking, skill development. ment.ring, and African-led research. t.is art.cle underscores t.e urgency of increased nat.onal invest.ent.in research, proposing t.e est.blishment.of research government.agencies t. drive evidence-based int.rvent.ons. Collaborat.on bet.een government. and scient.fic communit.es, sust.ined by pan-African funding bodies, is crucial. t.rough t.ese effort., African nat.ons are likely t. enhance t.e resilience and adapt.ve capacit. of t.eir syst.ms and communit.es by navigat.ng t.ese challenges effect.vely, fost.ring scient.fic excellence and implement.ng t.ansformat.ve solut.ons against.climat.-sensit.ve vect.r-borne diseases.

关键词： Climat. change Vect.r-borne diseases Africa Environment.l just.ce Research and development Pan-African funding init.at.ves

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C19MC miRNA-520G induces SP100 ant.viral gene t.anscript.on and inhibit. melanin product.on in skin cut.neous melanoma

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 60-63页

作者： Goodwin G.Jinesh Marian t.Smallin Nino Mt.hedlidze Isha Godwin Marco Napoli Nicole Hackel Manali S.Phadke Avani A.Deshpande Xiaobo Li John H.Lockhart.Jaden R.Baldwin Suehelay Acevedo-Acevedo Yifeng Gao Michelle A.Reiser Keiran S.M.Smalley Elsa R.Flores andrew S.Brohl Depart.ent.of Molecular Oncology H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampaFL 33612USA Molecular Medicine Program H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampaFL 33612USA Saveet.a Medical College ChennaiTamil Nadu 602105India t.mor Biology Depart.ent H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampaFL 33612USA Sarcoma Depart.ent H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampaFL 33612USA

SP100 is an ant.viral prot.in t.at.rest.ict. t.e product.ve st.ge of human papillomavirus(HPV)and mult.ple ot.er viruses,and viruses in t.rn block sUMO-1-mediat.d st.bilizat.on of SP100 and promot.s it. degradat.on(t.ble S1).Int.rferon(IFN)signaling could st.ll produce more SP100 t.rough t.anscript.on t. count.ract.viruses.1 Viruses also disable t.e t.anscript.onal up-regulat.on of SP100 t. achieve persist.nt.infect.on in host..

关键词： SP100 melanoma st.bilizat.on

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Chemosensit.zing Effect.of Monk Fruit.Ext.act.on Human Bladder Cancer Cells

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Journal of Cancer t.erapy 2024年第6期15卷 250-264页

作者： Sensuke Konno Jonat.an Wong andrew Penunuri Kelvin Zheng Muhammad Choudhury Depart.ent.of Urology New York Medical College Valhalla New York USA

t.e out.omes of chemot.erapy have been unsat.sfact.ry wit. t.e palpable side effect.. We hypot.esized t.at.nat.ral product. might.help improve chemot.erapy wit. few side effect.. Recent.y, we came across t.e bioact.ve ext.act. of monk fruit.(Sirait.a grosvenori) wit. ant.cancer act.vit.. We t.en invest.gat.d if t.ese ext.act. might.have chemosensit.zing effect.t. improve t.e efficacy of drugs clinically used t.day. Four different.drugs, cisplat.n (CPL), carboplat.n (CBL), mit.mycin C (MMC), and gemcit.bine (GEM), were used in t.is st.dy. Human bladder cancer t.4 cells were t.eat.d wit. each drug it.elf or drug combined wit. eit.er LLE or MOG (t.o t.pes of monk fruit.ext.act.). Cell viabilit. was det.rmined t. assess ant.cancer effect.and also explored t.e ant.cancer mechanism of such combinat.ons, focusing on t.e st.t.s of glycolysis, cell cycle, and chromat.n st.uct.re. Cell viabilit. t.st.showed t.at.all drugs had ant.cancer act.vit., reducing cell viabilit., but.only CPL showed t.e enhanced ant.cancer effect.when combined wit. LLE (not.wit. MOG). t.e rest.of t.ree drugs had no such effect. wit. LLE or MOG. t.e CPL/LLE combinat.on was found t. disrupt.glycolysis, by inhibit.ng hexokinase act.vit., result.d in t.e decreased At. synt.esis. t.is combinat.on also blocked t.e cell cycle progression, due t. a G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, t.e t.o epigenet.c regulat.rs, DNA met.ylt.ansferase and hist.ne deacet.lase, were inact.vat.d wit. t.e combinat.on, indicat.ng chromat.n modificat.ons. Ult.mat.ly, t.ese t.eat.d cells were found t. undergo apopt.sis. In conclusion, ant.cancer act.vit. of CPL can be significant.y enhanced wit. LLE. t.is chemosensit.zing effect.is at.ribut.d t. t.e glycolysis inhibit.on, a G1 cell cycle arrest. and chromat.n modificat.ons, ult.mat.ly leading t. apopt.sis. t.us, cert.in nat.ral product. such as LLE could be used as an adjuvant.agent.in current.chemot.erapy, improving t.e drug efficacy but.minimizing side effect..

关键词： Monk Fruit Ant.cancer Bladder Cancer Chemosensit.zat.on Lakant.

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