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In.reased Effluen. Dosage Effects on.On.Site Wastewater Treatmen. Systems of Differin. Architecture Type

Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2015年第6期6卷 651-670页

作者： andrew Gibbon. Kristofor R. Brye Sam Dun. Edward E. Gbur andrew n. sharpley Wen.Zhan. Departmen. of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA Fran.lin.Coun.y Health Un.t Ozark AR USA Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA Departmen. of Civil En.in.erin. University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

Approximately 20% of homes n.tion.ide use an.on.site treatmen. system as a form of household wastewater man.gemen.. However, approximately 10% to 20% of on.site treatmen. systems malfun.tion.each year, man. of which have either failed or exceeded the soil’s lon.-term acceptan.e rate (LTAR), causin. en.iron.en.al an. human.health risks. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effects of soil con.ition.(e.g., wet an. dry) an. product architecture type [i.e., chamber, gravel-less-pipe (GLP), polystyren.-aggregate, an. pipe-an.-aggregate] on.in.product solution.storage an. biomat thickn.ss in.a profile-limited soil in.n.rthwest Arkan.as un.er in.reased loadin. rates an. to estimate the LTAR for each product. Durin. Phase I of this study (March 13 to October 4, 2013), effluen. loadin. rates were approximately doubled, while rates were approximately quadrupled durin. Phase II (October 8, 2013 to May 29, 2014), from the maximum allowable loadin. rate for each product. The pipe-an.-tire-chip, 46-cm-wide tren.h pipe-an.-gravel, an. the 25-cm diameter GLP products had the greatest (p n. the 5.4-m-lon. chambers had the lowest (p n.product solution.storage durin. wet-soil con.ition. of Phase I mon.torin.. The 25-cm diameter GLP product had the greatest (p n. chamber had the lowest (p n.product solution.storage durin. Phase II. Results of this study in.icate that some altern.tive products may be able to effectively han.le effluen. loadin. rates in.excess of those curren.ly allowed by the State of Arkan.as. Further research will be required to con.irm these in.erpretation..

关键词： On.Site Wastewater Ozark Highlan.s Profile-Limited Soil Wastewater Treatmen.

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Optimizin. Hydraulic an. Chemical Properties of Iron.an. Alumin.m Byproducts for Use in.On.Farm Con.ain.en. Structures for Phosphorus Removal

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2016年第12期7卷 1835-1849页

作者： Sheri L. Herron.andrew n. sharpley Kristofor R. Brye David M. Miller Ecosustain LLC Dripping Springs TX USA Departmen. of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

Phosphorus (P) tran.ported in.run.ff from broiler production.areas is a poten.ial source for n.trien. en.ichmen. of local surface waters. Capturin. n.trien.s prior to run.ff leavin. the production.area could reduce the risk of tran.port. Commercially available systems for n.trogen.(n. an. P removal from stormwater are available but too expen.ive for widespread adoption.on.small, privately own.d farms. The P adsorption.capacities an. hydraulic con.uctivities of locally-sourced iron.red mud (RM) an. alumin.m water treatmen. residual (WT) were determin.d for poten.ial on.farm treatmen. use. The byproducts were air-dried an. separated in.o ≤2-, ≤6-, an. ≤12.5-mm particle size fraction.. Saturated hydraulic con.uctivity (HC) was determin.d for each particle-size fraction.an. results evaluated for the material’s ability to tran.mit a 25-year, 30-min.rain.all of 6.6 cm. While the HC of ≤6-mm particles of each byproduct did n.t differ (p > 0.05;4.1 an. 4.6 cm·min.sup>-1), for ≤12.5-mm particles it was greater (p > 0.05) for WT than.RM (15.4 an. 8.0 cm·min.sup>-1, respectively). However, all byproduct size fraction. tran.mitted flow sufficien.ly to accommodate the baselin. storm. Phosphorous adsorption.maxima of ≤2-mm fraction.for RM an. WT were 25 an. 10 g·P·kg-1, respectively. Usin. a solution.con.ain.n. 6 mg·P·L-1, rep-resen.in. the measured run.ff-P con.en.ration.from areas adjacen. to poultry house ven.ilation.fan., the ≤2-mm fraction.of RM removed 98% of added P an. WT 84%. The ≤6-mm fraction.of RM an. WT removed 56% an. 57% of added P, respectively, while the ≤12.5-mm fraction.adsorbed on.y 28% an. 10%. Results in.icate the poten.ial use of low-cost RM an. WT byproducts to sequester P in.run.ff prior to P leavin. poultry farm production.areas.

关键词： Phosphorus Run.ff Poultry Production Red Muds Water Quality Water Treatmen. Residua

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n.trien. Removal Structures Usin. Locally-Sourced Iron.an. Alumin.m By-Products Reduce n.trien. Run.ff from Broiler Production.Facilities

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2020年第4期11卷 332-343页

作者： Sheri L. Herron.andrew n. sharpley Kristofor R. Brye James M. Burke Ecosustain LLC Dripping Springs TX USA Departmen. of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

A common.issue with filters design.d to remove n.trien.s from run.ff is their reduced effectiven.ss in.high-flow con.ition.. To overcome this challen.e, it was determin.d that n.trien. removal from broiler-house fan.dust could be more effective if n.trien. removal was con.ucted at the n.trien. source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiven.ss of con.ain.en. trays (CTs) holdin. locally sourced by-products in.talled adjacen. to broiler house fan. at the Un.versity of Arkan.as Savoy broiler production.facility to capture n.trien.s released from dust durin. rain.all over four years (2013 to 2017). By-products used were locally sourced, iron.based red mud (RM) gen.rated durin. the man.facture of steel belts for tires an. alum-based drin.in. water treatmen. residual (WTR), where both materials have large phosphorus (P) sorption.capacities. Four-year mean.an.ual con.en.ration. of dissolved P of through-flow from RM CTs were con.isten.ly below 0.7 mg·L-1 an. below 1.6 mg·L-1 for WTR CT through-flow. This equated to an.average 11- an. 4-fold decrease for RM an. WTR, relative to con.en.ration. in.run.ff from same-sized plots adjacen. to sidewall fan., demon.tratin. their poten.ial to trap P at the source an. decrease P run.ff to n.arby flowin. waters. While there was n. sign.fican. declin. in.RM or WTR effective-n.ss over the four-year study, further work n.eds to be con.ucted to determin. the lifespan.of CTs. Use of RM an. WTR in.CTs at poultry broiler production.facilities, alon. with their subsequen. lan. application. has the poten.ial to reduce the amoun. of by-product materials that are curren.ly lan.filled.

关键词： n.trogen Run.ff Phosphorus Run.ff Poultry Production Red Mud Water Quality Water Treatmen. Residual

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Locally Sourced Iron.an. Alumin.m Byproducts Decrease Phosphorus Leached from Broiler House Dust Deposited n.ar Ven.ilation.Fan.

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2017年第9期8卷 1026-1036页

Freshwater impairmen. by eutrophication. as a result of excessive phosphorus (P) in.uts from run.ff in.particular, remain. a ubiquitous en.iron.en.al con.ern. A common.issue with systems design.d to remove P an. n.trogen.(n. from run.ff is their reduced effectiven.ss un.er high-flow con.ition.. To over-come this, P removal from broiler-house fan.dust would be more effective if removal occurred at the n.trien. source, where the water volume is limited to direct rain.all. The P removal efficien.ies of differen. thickn.sses of locally sourced, iron.rich red mud (RM) gen.rated durin. the man.facture of steel belts for tires an. alum-based drin.in. water treatmen. residual (WT) byproducts were in.estigated. Byproduct thickn.sses of 4, 8, an. 12 cm were tested usin. 57-L leachin. column.. The column. were filled with the specified byproduct thickn.ss an. a 3-mm thickn.ss of poultry house dust was surface applied prior to receivin. six, 30-min.simulated rain.alls (at 7 cm·hr-1) at 1-day in.ervals. The 8-cm thickn.ss of both RM an. WT outperformed the other thickn.sses in.terms of sorbin. P released from the added broiler house dust, removin. 99 an. 96% of the added P, respectively, over the six simulated rain.all even.s. The 12-cm thickn.ss of both RM an. WT showed n. addition.l ben.fit for P removal over the 8-cm thickn.ss. As the 4-cm-thick WT treatmen. was less effective (89% of added P removed), the 8-cm thickn.ss was the optimal thickn.ss for field testin.. Locally sourced materials with large P-sorbin. capacities can.offer a con.en.en., relatively in.xpen.ive altern.tive for P removal from areas aroun. poultry houses impacted by P-con.ain.n., exhausted broiler house dust.

关键词： Phosphorus Run.ff Poultry Production Red Muds Water Quality Water Treatmen. Residual

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Physicochemical Characterization.of Sedimen. in.n.rthwest Arkan.as Streams

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2011年第5期2卷 629-638页

作者： Chris W. Rogers andrew n. sharpley Brian.E. Haggard J. Thad Scott Bodie M. Drake 不详

Eutrophication.of surface waters is a critical con.ern.in.region. aroun. the world facin. n.trien. surpluses as a result of con.in.d an.mal feedin. operation. (CAFOs) an. subsequen. lan. application.of man.res. While large amoun.s of research exist on.the tran.port of n.trien. en.iched run.ff from fields to surface waters less in.ormation.is available on.in.stream processes con.rollin. the tran.port of P in.stream. Thus, in.ormation.is n.eded on.the role of stream sedimen.s in.regulatin. tran.ien. phosphorus (P) to better un.erstan. the relation.hip between.n.trien. in.uts an. water quality. Fin.-sized sedimen.s ( 2-mm) con.ume an. store P. From fin.-sized sedimen. a modified P saturation.ratio (PSRmod), related to the sedimen.’s ability to bin. P an. determin.d from Mehlich-3 extracted n.trien.s, has been.correlated to in.stream dissolved reactive P (DRP) con.en.ration.. The objectives of this study were to determin. the relative size distribution.of total- an. fin.-sized sedimen. (san., silt clay) fraction. amon. streams, determin. the optimum sample n.mber n.eded to characterize Mehlich-3 P (M3P) an. PSRmod, an. fin.lly determin. the applicability of PSRmod, as an.in.icator of stream water column.DRP con.en.ration.. Stream sedimen.s were sampled from the 0- to 3-cm depth from stream reaches ran.in. from (25 – 75 m) in.August, 2008 for characterization.alon. with water samples collected from the thalweg for DRP con.en.ration.determin.tion. Addition.l water column.samples were collected alon. with fin.-sized sedi- men. chemical properties in.February, May, an. Jun. 2009. The distribution.of sedimen. size classes was statistically similar, with 2- to 20- an. 20- to 75-mm sized sedimen. domin.tin.. Fin.-sized sedimen. (mod, were determin.d to typically be sufficien.ly characterized by a sample scheme utilizin. three samples poin.s. Modified P saturation.ratio of mod, has the poten.ial to be used as an.in.icator of the ability of stream sedimen.s to en.ich stream wate

关键词： Stream Phosphorus n.trien. En.ichmen. Sedimen.

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n.trien. Composition.of Dust Emitted from Poultry Broiler Houses in.n.rthwest Arkan.as

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2015年第11期6卷 1257-1267页

作者： Sheri L. Herron.Kristofor R. Brye andrew n. sharpley David M. Miller Mike B. Dan.els Departmen. of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA Departmen. of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences South University Avenue Little Rock AR USA

A substan.ial body of research has been.con.ucted on.the poten.ial water quality impairmen.s associated with lan. application.of poultry broiler litter. However, un.il recen.ly, little atten.ion.has focused on.the poten.ial for n.trien. run.ff from dust emitted from broiler production.houses despite related air quality con.ern. raised by the Un.ted States (US) En.iron.en.al Protection.Agen.y. The objective of this study was to characterize the composition.of broiler house dust (BHD) an. compare BHD composition.to that of broiler litter (BL). Dust composition.varied sign.fican.ly (P n. facilities operated by differen. in.egrator compan.es, likely due to differen.es in.feed an. house man.gemen. amon. in.egrators. Specifically, BHD pH was lower (P n.Facility 1 than.in.Facilities 2 an. 3, which did n.t differ, whereas BHD K an. Ca were greatest (P n.Facility 1 an. 2, respectively. The facility average moisture con.en. of BHD was at least 1.9 times lower than.that for the BL from the same facility. The facility average total phosphorus (TP) an. water extractable phosphorus (WEP) con.en.ration. in.BHD were at least 1.2 an. 1.6 times greater, respectively, than.that for BL from the same facility. The greater WEP in.BHD than.in.BL is of particular en.iron.en.al importan.e given.that exten.ive research shows WEP to be a major variable in.luen.in. P run.ff risk. The facility average total n.trogen.(Tn. con.en.ration.in.BHD was at least 3.0 times greater than.that for BL from the same facility. As TP, WEP, an. Tn.are greater in.BHD than.in.BL, there is a greater risk of n.trien. en.ichmen. of run.ff from an.equivalen. mass of BHD than.BL. The results of this study highlight the n.ed for careful man.gemen. of dust emission. from broiler houses an. a n.ed for con.ervation.practices to min.mize the risk of BHD in.reasin. n.trien. run.ff an. its loss to waters of the US.

关键词： Broiler House Dust Broiler Litter n.trien. Run.ff Surface Water Quality

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Determin.tion.of n.trien. Con.en.ration. in.Simulated Rain.all-Run.ff from Poultry House Dust Deposited Adjacen. to Exhaust Fan.

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2016年第1期7卷 27-40页

作者： Sheri L. Herron.andrew n. sharpley Kristofor R. Brye David M. Miller Susan.Watkin. David McCreery Mike B. Dan.els Departmen. of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA Cen.er of Excellen.e for Poultry Scien.e University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA Pilgrim’s Pride Gainesville GA USA Departmen. of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences South University Ave. Little Rock AR USA

Un.il recen.ly, little atten.ion.has been.given.to the loss of n.trien.s that may occur in.stormwater run.ff from poultry houses. Dust emitted from poultry house fan. an. deposited n.ar the fan. has been.shown.to con.ain.similar amoun.s of phosphorus (P) an. n.trogen.(n. as in.poultry litter, thus, there is n.ed for in.ormation.on.the poten.ial of run.ff to tran.port deposited dust off-site. The objectives of this study are to quan.ify P an. n.in.simulated rain.all-run.ff from sites immediately adjacen. to fan. (sidewall an. tun.el) from a commercial poultry house in.n.rthwest Arkan.as. Run.ff from fan.plots ran.e in.total P (TP) an. total n.(Tn. con.en.ration.from 1.0 to 26.0 mg·L-1 an. from 5.1 to 189 mg·L-1. The con.en.ration.of P an. n.in.run.ff from plots adjacen. to sidewall fan. is sign.fican.ly lower (P n. warmer (Jun. to August;1 an. 2 mg·L-1 for TP an. Tn. respectively) than.cooler mon.hs (n.vember through March;3 an. 7 mg·L-1 for TP an. Tn. respectively). In.con.rast, TP an. Tn.con.en.ration. of run.ff from tun.el fan.plots are sign.fican.ly greater (P n. warm (14 an. 170 mg·L-1, respectively) than.cool mon.hs (5 an. 60 mg·L-1, respectively). The results of this research in.icate that con.ervation.practices are n.eded aroun. poultry production.houses to min.mize the poten.ial for run.ff of n.trien.s in.emitted dust en.erin. n.arby surface waters.

关键词： Broiler House Dust Broiler Litter n.trien. Run.ff Surface Water Quality

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An.Evaluation.of Man.re Man.gemen. Strategies, Phosphorus Surface Run.ff Poten.ial an. Water Usage at an.Arkan.as Discovery Dairy Farm

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Protection 2023年第9期14卷 742-760页

作者： James M. Burke Mike B. Dan.els Pearl Webb andrew n. sharpley Timothy Glover Lawren.e Berry Karl W. Van.Deven.er Stan.Rose Departmen. of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA Un.versity of Arkan.as Division.of Agriculture Little Rock AR USA Un.ted States Departmen. of Agriculture-n.tural Resources Con.ervation.Service Fort Smith AR USA

Man.re man.gemen. is an.essen.ial compon.n. of dairy production. n.trien.-laden. field-applied dairy man.re often.serves as a fertilizer source, but can.also pose en.iron.en.al threats if n.t properly man.ged. The Haak dairy farm, located in.Decatur, Arkan.as, was gran.ed a permit by the Arkan.as Departmen. of En.iron.en.al Quality (ADEQ) to employ a un.que method in.treatin. an. storin. cattle man.re gen.rated durin. the milkin. process. This method in.ludes min.mizin. water use in.wash water, dry scrapin. solids to combin. with sawdust for compostin. an. pumpin. effluen. un.ergroun. in.o a sloped con.rete basin.that serves as secon.ary solid separator before tran.portin. the man.re effluen. in.o an.in.erception.tren.h an. an.adjacen. grassed field to facilitate man.re n.trien. uptake an. reten.ion. The Arkan.as Discovery Farm program (ADF) is con.uctin. research to evaluate the en.iron.en.al performan.e of the dairy’s milk cen.er wash water treatmen. system (MCWW) by statistical an.lysis, characterization.of phosphorus (P) migration.in.soil down.lope from the in.eption.tren.h, temperature measuremen.s, an. n.trien. an.lysis of a stored dry stack man.re/sawdust mixture. Goals in.luded determin.n. possible compostin. effectiven.ss alon. with comparison. to un.reated dairy man.re an. quan.ifyin. the use of on.farm water. Results from this research demon.trated that: 1) The MCWW was effective at retain.n. man.re-derived n.trien.s an. reducin. field n.trien. migration.as the MCWW in.erception.tren.h had sign.fican.ly higher total n.trogen.(Tn. (804.2 to 4.1), total phosphorus (TP) (135.6 to 1.5), an. water extractable phosphorus (WEP) (55.0 to 1.0) con.en.ration. in.milligrams per liter (mg⋅L-1) than.the down.ill freshwater pon. respectively;2) temperature readin.s of the man.re dry stack in.icated heighten.d levels of microbial an. thermal activity, but did n.t reach a stan.ard compostin. temperature of 54°C;3) man.re dry stack n.trien. con.en. was typicall

关键词： Man.re Man.gemen. Soil Test Phosphorus Surface Run.ff Water Usage Man.re Compostin. En.iron.en.al Hazards Arkan.as Milk Cen.er Wastewater Treatmen. System Statistical An.lysis

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土壤性质对磷解吸动力学的影响

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土壤学进展 1985年第5期 24-28+35页

作者： A.n.sharpley 李棠庆

最近提出了几个描述土壤磷解吸的简单的动力学模型。其中之一是修改了的Elovich方程 Pd=（1/a）ln.ab）+（1/a）ln. [1] 式中Pd是在t时间（分钟）内土壤磷的解吸量(μg·g±-1),a和b是常数。最近,

关键词：方程式粘粒代表相关关系方程常数数学酸性土壤酸性土土壤性质

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土壤测试中提取的磷素形态与成土作用的关系

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土壤学进展 1990年第3期18卷 39-41页

作者： A.n.sharpley 邵煜庭

将采自世界各地的未耕作、未施肥的120个表土样品(A_1层)分为石灰性土壤,轻度风化土壤(主要是软土),和高度风化土壤(主要是氧化土和老成土)。对不同风化程度的土壤,用Bray Ⅰ(n._4F+HCl)、Mehlich Ⅰ(HCl+H_2SO_4)、Olsen.n.HCO_3)和Tex... 详细信息

将采自世界各地的未耕作、未施肥的120个表土样品(A_1层)分为石灰性土壤,轻度风化土壤(主要是软土),和高度风化土壤(主要是氧化土和老成土)。对不同风化程度的土壤,用Bray Ⅰ(n._4F+HCl)、Mehlich Ⅰ(HCl+H_2SO_4)、Olsen.n.HCO_3)和Texas A和M(n._4Ae+EDTA)等方法进行磷素肥力测定和磷素的连续分级(树脂-n.HCO_3-n.OH-HCl),以确定这些土壤磷素中树脂提取的活性磷与更稳定的无机和有机磷组分中测定值的相对贡献。以Bray Ⅰ、MehlichⅠ和Texas A和M法从石灰性土壤中提取出的磷,明显的高于高度风化土壤(5%水准),这是因为这些酸性提取剂溶解了石灰性土壤中的磷酸钙而引起的。随着土壤风化程度的增加,从磷酸钙向磷酸铝和磷酸铁的转化是明显的。在石灰性轻度风化和高度风化土壤中磷酸钙占全磷量的百分数分别为55%、17%和14%;而在这三组土壤中相应的Al-P和Fe-P的含量占全磷的百分数分别为4%、12%和20%。高度风化土壤中有机磷的含量(112mgkg^(-1),占全磷的26%)比石灰性土壤(36mgkg^(-1),占全磷的7%)明显较高(5%显著水准)。土壤磷的测试值与磷各组分间的相关性表明:对轻度风化土壤尽管所有方法的测试值与树脂磷是密切相关的,但对石灰性土壤只有Olsen.测试的磷与树脂密切相关(1%显著水准),而对高度风化土壤除Olsen.外,其它所有方法的测试值与树脂磷均高度相关。高度风化土、石灰性土壤、及轻度风化土壤中有机磷分别为平均17%、4%、1%,这就解释了BrayⅠ、Mehlich Ⅰ和Texas A和M法测得磷含量较高的原因。未耕作的高度风化土壤中,有机磷与土壤测试磷之间的关系是确定无疑的,在评价这些土壤的磷素肥力时对此必须慎重考虑。

关键词：土壤测试磷素形态成土作用

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