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Method for hull-less barley transformation and manipulation of grain mixed-linkage beta-glucan

journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第5期60卷 382-396页

作者： Wai Li Lim Helen M. Collins Rohan R. Singh Natalie A. j. Kibble Kuok Yap jillian Taylor Geoffrey B. Fincher Rachel A. burton ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls School of Agriculture Food and Wine University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond SouthAustralia 5064 Australia Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland，4072，Australia

Hull-less barley is increasingly offering scope for breeding grains with improved characteristics for human nutrition; however, recalcitrance of hull-less cultivars to transformation has limited the use of these varieties. To overcome this limitation, we sought to develop an effective transformation system for hull-less barley using the cultivar Torrens. Torrens yielded a transformation efficiency of 1.8%, using a modified Agrobacterium transformation method. This method was used to over-express genes encoding synthases for the important dietary fiber component, 0,3;1,4）-β-glucan （mixed-linkage glucan）, primarily present in starchy endosperm cell walls. Over-expression of the HvCslF6 gene, driven by an endosperm-specific promoter, produced lines where mixed-linkage glucan content increased on average by 45%, peaking at 70% in some lines, with smaller increases in transgenic HvCsIH1 grain. Transgenic HvCslF6 lines displayed alterations where grain had a darker color, were more easily crushed than wild type and were smaller. This was associated with an enlarged cavity in the central endosperm and changes in cell morphology, including aleurone and sub-aleurone cells. This work provides proof-of-concept evidence that mixed-linkage glucan content in hull-less barley grain can be increased by over-expression of the HvCslF6 gene, but also indicates that hull-less cultivars may be more sensitive to attempts to modify cell wall composition.

关键词： Tobias I. Baskin University of Massachusetts USA

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Dementia and osteoporosis in a geriatric population: Is there a common link?

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World journal of Orthopedics 2017年第5期8卷 412-423页

作者： Candice L Downey Adam Young Emily F burton Simon M Graham Robert j Macfarlane Eva-Maria Tsapakis Eleftherios Tsiridis University of Leeds School of Medicine Department of Anaesthetics Pinderfields Hospital Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics the Royal Liverpool University Hospital Academic Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Aristotle University Medical School

AIM To determine the existence of a common pathological link between dementia and osteoporosis through reviewing the current evidence base. METHODS This paper reviews the current literature on osteoporosis and dementia in order to ascertain evidence of a common predisposing aetiology. A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(1950 to june 2016) was conducted. The keywords "osteoporosis", "osteoporotic fracture", "dementia" and "Alzheimer's disease"(AD) were used to determine the theoretical links with the most significant evidence base behind them. The key links were found to be vitamins D and K, calcium, thyroid disease, statins, alcohol and sex steroids. These subjects were then searched in combination with the previous terms and the resulting papers manually examined. Theoretical, in vitro and in vivo research were all used to inform this review which focuses on the most well developed theoretical common causes for dementia(predominantly Alzheimer's type) and *** Dementia and osteoporosis are multifaceted disease processes with similar epidemiology and a marked increase in prevalence in elderly populations. The existence of a common link between the two has been suggested despite a lack of clear pathological overlap in our current understanding. Research to date has tended to be fragmented and relatively weak in nature with multiple confounding factors reflecting the difficulties of in vivo experimentation in the population of interest. Despite exploration of various possible mechanisms in search for a link between the two pathologies, this paper found that it is possible that these associations are coincidental due to the nature of the evidence available. One finding in this review is that prior investigation into common aetiologies has found raised amyloid beta peptide levels in osteoporotic bone tissue, with a hypothesis that amyloid beta disorders are systemic disorders resulting in differing tissue manifestations. However, our findings were that t

关键词： Osteoporosis Fracture Dementia Thyroid disease Alzheimer’s disease Elderly Vitamin D Vitamin K Calcium Statins Alcohol Sex steroids

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Evaluation of the Management of Hyperlipidemia and Hypertension in an Outpatient Cardiac Transplant Clinic

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2016年第1期7卷 71-80页

作者： jane j. Xu Ilene burton Wayne j. Tymchak Glen j. Pearson Alberta Health Services Pharmacy Services Edmonton Canada Alberta Health Services Transplant Services Edmonton Canada University of Alberta Division of Cardiology Edmonton Canada Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Canada

Background: Allograft coronary artery disease (ACAD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality post-orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). ACAD progression may be reduced by modifying cardiovascular risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension. We sought to evaluate the management of hyperlipidemia and hypertension among OHT recipients followed in an outpatient cardiac transplant clinic. Objective: The primary objective was to assess the proportion of OHT patients achieving both the recommended LDL target of january-March 2009. Results: Of the 193 patients included, both the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and blood pressure (BP) targets were achieved in 111 (57.5%) patients. The LDL target alone was achieved by 140 (72.5%) patients and the BP target alone by 153 (79.3%) patients. Statins were prescribed in 183 (94.8%) patients with a mean LDL of 1.81 mmol/L (±0.55). Angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors [ACE-I] (or angiotensin receptor blockers [ARB]) were prescribed in 154 (79.8%) patients, diltiazem in 101 (52.3%) patients, and both in 85 (44.0%) patients, with a mean BP of 124.2/77.8 mmHg (±13.6/8.2). Adverse reactions related to statins, ACE-inhibitors or diltiazem were uncommon and rarely resulted in drug discontinuation. Conclusions: Guideline recommended that LDL and BP targets are achievable in a significant proportion of OHT recipients. The high utilization rates of statins for dyslipidemia and ACE-I (or ARB) and diltiazem for BP were consistent with guideline recommendations for the prevention of ACAD. Despite concerns regarding the potential for pharmacokinetic drug interactions in OHT patients, the reported rates of any drug intolerance to these medi

关键词： Cardiac Transplant Allograft Coronary Artery Disease Graft Vaculopathy Dyslipidemia Hypertension

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High-intensity Interval Training for the Management of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Participant Experiences and Perspectives

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journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第5期11卷 1050-1060页

作者： Shelley E.Keating Ilaria Croci Matthew P.Wallen Emily R.Cox jeff S.Coombes Nicola W.burton Graeme A.Macdonald Ingrid j.Hickman Centre for Research on Exercise Physical Activity and HealthSchool of Human Movement and Nutrition SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia K.G.jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Circulation and Medical ImagingFaculty of MedicineTrondheimNorway Department of Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland Caring Futures Institute College of Nursing and Health SciencesFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia Institute of Health and Wellbeing Federation UniversityMount HelenAustralia School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of NewcastleOurimbahAustralia School of Applied Psychology Griffith UniversityMt GravattAustralia Menzies Health Institute Griffith UniversityGold CoastAustralia Centre for Mental Health Griffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia

Background and Aims:High-intensity interval training(HIIT)is a therapeutic option for people with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).However,the perspectives and experiences of HIIT for people with NASH are unknown,limiting translation of *** explored the experiences and perspectives of both professionally supervised and self-directed HIIT in people with NASH and evaluated participant-reported knowledge,barriers,and enablers to commencing and sustaining ***:Twelve participants with NASH underwent 12 weeks of supervised HIIT(3 days/week,4×4 minutes at 85–95%maximal heart rate,interspersed with 3 minutes active recovery),followed by 12-weeks of selfdirected(unsupervised)***-on-one,semistructured participant interviews were conducted by exercise staff prior to HIIT and following both supervised and self-directed HIIT to explore prior knowledge,barriers,enablers,and outcomes at each *** were audio-recorded,transcribed,coded,and thematically analyzed by two independent ***:Four dominant themes were identified:(1)no awareness of/experience with HIIT and ambivalence about exercise capabilities;(2)multiple medical and social barriers to commencing and continuing HIIT;(3)exercise specialist support was a highly valued enabler,and(4)HIIT was enjoyed and provided holistic ***:People with NASH may lack knowledge of and confidence for HIIT,and experience multiple complex barriers to commencing and continuing *** specialist support is a key enabler to sustained *** factors need to be addressed in future clinical programs to augment the uptake and long-term sustainability of HIIT by people with NASH so they can experience the range of related benefits.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD Exercise Lifestyle Qualitative Patient-reported outcomes

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Critical Literature Review of the Homeopathic Compound Traumeel for Treatment of Inflammation

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第3期9卷 67-83页

作者： Dennis Grech jayant Velagala Dennis j. Dembek burton Tabaac Department of Anesthesiology New Jersey Medical School Rutgers University Newark NJ USA Department of Neurology Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA

Traumeel is a compound that is utilized by a wide variety of healthcare practitioners to treat inflammatory states. It is utilized extensively in Germany for multiple inflammatory conditions. The purpose of this document is to review and critique publications written about Traumeel and Traumeel S, a proprietary formulation. Furthermore, this review will determine if the literature supports substituting Traumeel for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids or if adding Traumeel to NSAID and corticosteroid treatment protocols benefits patients with inflammation. Long-term use of NSAIDs and corticosteroids causes significant pathology leaving many patients without an effective treatment to manage their inflammatory condition. Traumeel does not have the severe side effect profile of NSAIDs and corticosteroids. There are important implications of the studies included in this review. The literature supports Traumeel as an effective alternative to NSAIDS and corticosteroids in preventing stomatitis for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Traumeel also provides pain-free outcomes following musculoskeletal and tissue injuries.

关键词： Traumeel Inflammation Surgical Inflammation Corticosteroid Complementary Medicine Homeopathy

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Distribution,structure and biosynthetic gene families of(1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in Sorghum bicolor

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 429-445页

作者： Riksfardini A.Ermawar Helen M.Collins Caitlin S.Byrt Natalie S.Betts Marilyn Henderson Neil j.Shirley julian Schwerdt jelle Lahnstein Geoffrey B.Fincher Rachel A.burton Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls University of Adelaide

In cereals, the presence of soluble polysaccharides including（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan has downstream implications for human health, animal feed and biofuel applications. Sorghum bicolor（L.） Moench is a versatile crop, but there are limited reports regarding the content of such soluble ***, the amount of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan present in sorghum tissues was measured using a Megazyme assay. Very low amounts were present in the grain, ranging from 0.16%–0.27%（w/w）, while there was a greater quantity in vegetative tissues at 0.12–1.71%（w/w）. The fine structure of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan, as denoted by the ratio of cellotriosyl and cellotetraosyl residues,was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and ranged from 2.6–3：1 in the grain, while ratios in vegetative tissues were lower at 2.1–2.6：1. The distribution of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan was examined using a specific antibody and observed with fl uorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Micrographs showed a variable distribution of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan in fl uenced by temporal and spatial factors. The sorghum orthologs of genes implicated in the synthesis of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan in other cereals, such as the Cellulose synthase-like（Csl） F and H gene families were de *** pro filing of these genes across sorghum tissues was carried out using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, indicating that, as in other cereals, Csl F6 transcripts dominated.

关键词： Cellulose synthase-like genes cell wall composition mixed-linkage glucan grain sorghum

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Structure and function of aggrecan

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Cell Research 2002年第1期12卷 19-32页

作者： CHRIS KIANI, LIWEN CHEN, YAO jIONG WU, ALBERT j YEE, burton B YANG, Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Centre and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Patobiology, 2 Department of Surgeny, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada Sunnybrook and Women' s College Health Sciences Centre and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Canada Sunnybrook and Women' s College Health Sciences Centre and Department of Surgeny Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Canada

Aggrecan is the major proteoglycan in the articular cartilage. This molecule is important in the proper functioning of articular cartilage because it provides a hydrated gel structure (via its interaction with hyaluronan and link protein) that endows the cartilage with load-bearing properties. It is also crucial in chondroskeletal morphogenesis during development. Aggrecan is a multimodular molecule expressed by chondrocytes. Its core protein is composed of three globular domains (G1, G2, and G3) and a large extended region (CS) between G2 and G3 for glycosaminoglycan chain attachment. G1 comprises the amino terminus of the core protein. This domain has the same structural motif as link protein. Functionally, the G1 domain interacts with hyaluronan acid and link protein, forming stable ternary complexes in the extracellular matrix. G2 is homologous to the tandem repeats of G1 and of link protein and is involved in product processing. G3 makes up the carboxyl terminus of the core protein. It enhances glycosaminoglycan modification and product secretion. Aggrecan plays an important role in mediating chondrocyte-chondrocyte and chondrocyte-matrix interactions through its ability to bind hyaluronan.

关键词： Proteoglycan chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan G1 domain G3 domain.

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大豆雄性核不育互交群体RS6Y在南京和Raleigh的异地产量轮回选择响应

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大豆科学 2002年第1期21卷 31-35页

作者：司丽珍王明军邱家驯盖钧镒 j.W.burton 南京农业大学大豆研究所农业部国家大豆改良中心南京210095 USDA ARS Department of Crop ScienceNorth Carolina State University

本试验采用雄性核不育大豆互交群体RS6Y研究了南京和Raleigh异地产量轮回选择响应在南京的表现。结果表明 ,南京选择的二轮群体均与基础群体的产量存在显著差异 ,两轮分别增产9.4 5 %和 5 .6 3% ,改良效果比较好。Raleigh选择群体与基... 详细信息

本试验采用雄性核不育大豆互交群体RS6Y研究了南京和Raleigh异地产量轮回选择响应在南京的表现。结果表明 ,南京选择的二轮群体均与基础群体的产量存在显著差异 ,两轮分别增产9.4 5 %和 5 .6 3% ,改良效果比较好。Raleigh选择群体与基础群体间的产量差异没有达到显著水平 ,但两轮选择后产量提高了 5 .2 4 %。不同地区之间的选择效果差异较大 ,南京选择的效果显著高于Raleigh选择的效果。产量选择对蛋白质含量、脂肪含量的影响不大 ;单株产量、单株荚数、单株粒数、株高和主茎节数增加 ,百粒重下降 ,但均未达到显著水平。产量选择伴随农艺性状遗传变异度的降低。

关键词：大豆产量轮回选择间接响应雄性核不育互交群体RS6Y 异地选择

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