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The Meat of the Matter: Plant-Based Meat Analogue versus Traditional Meat Product Nutritional Quality

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Arshia Shireen Amanda j.wright Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada bDepartment of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada

Plant-based meat analogues (PBMA) are formulated to mimic the sensory characteristics of traditional meat products (TMP) using vegetarian ingredients and are increasingly popular with the trend towards plant-based diets， even among meat-eating consumers. This narrative review compared the nutritional quality of PBMA and TMP to broaden the discussion on the suitability of simulated meat products to substitute TMP， while exploring other attributes for their comparison. The complexity of PBMA and TMP means they are not entirely interchangeable. Importantly， PBMA health effects extend beyond their basic nutrient content and quality. Postprandial metabolism and satiety， for example， can be affected by product formulation， ingredient interactions， and thermomechanical processing involved in producing organoleptically acceptable PBMA. There are specific opportunities for low-sodium PBMA products to contribute to a healthy shift toward plant-based diets. In conclusion， PBMA cannot be assumed to be healthier than TMP. They should be designed with comprehensive consideration of composition and processing to ensure they support consumers who are adopting plant-based diets in realizing the theoretical health benefits.

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Effects of different organic fertilizers on nitrous oxide and methane emissions from double-cropping rice fields

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 52-62页

作者： Mingcheng HU andrew j.WADE Weishou SHEN Zhenfang ZHONG Chongwen QIU Xiangui LIN j.angsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of ReadingReading RG66 DWUK Haina Research Institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Rice fields are a maj.r source of greenhouse gases,such as nitrous oxide (N_(2)O) and methane (CH_(4)).Organic fertilizers may potentially replace inorganic fertilizers to meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth;however,the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O and CH_(4)emissions and crop yield in paddy fields remain poorly understood and *** this study,experimental plots were established in conventional double-cropping paddy fields in the Pearl River Delta,China,including an unfertilized control and five fertilizer treatments with fresh organic fertilizer (FOF),successively composted organic fertilizer (SOF),chemically composted organic fertilizer (COF),COF supplemented with inorganic fertilizer (COIF),and chemical fertilizers (CFs)(TFOF,TSOF,TCOF,TCOIF,and TCF,respectively).Paddy field soils behaved simultaneously as an N_(2)O sink (cumulative N_(2)O emission:-196 to-381 g N ha^(-1)) and as a CH_(4)source (cumulative CH_(4)emission:719 to 2 178 kg ha^(-1)).Compared to CFs,the effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O emission were not *** contrast,total annual CH_(4)emission increased by 157%,132%,125%,and 37%in TFOF,TCOF,TSOF,and TCOIF,respectively,compared to *** TCOIF,rice yield was maintained,while CH_(4)emission was not significantly increased from the paddy fields characterized by a prolonged flood *** important next step is to extend these field-based measurements to larger rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional and national-scale impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and to help determine the optimum practice for fertilizer use.

关键词： crop production global warming potential greenhouse gases manure paddy sustainable agriculture

Disaster Awareness and Preparedness Among Older Adults in Canada Regarding Floods, Wildfires, and Earthquakes

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International j.urnal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 198-212页

作者： Evalyna Bogdan Rachel Krueger j.lie wright Kyle Woods Shaieree Cottar School of Administrative Studies Disaster and Emergency Management ProgramYork UniversityTorontoOntario M3J 1P3Canada Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada Partners for Action Faculty of EnvironmentUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada

Older adults are significantly impacted by natural hazards and disasters that are exacerbated by climate change. Understanding their awareness and preparedness is essential for enhancing disaster resilience. This study investigated the attitudes, actions, and recommendations of older adults regarding natural hazards that pose risks in their geographic area—specifically floods, wildfires, and/or earthquakes in Canada. Methods for this study included survey and focus groups with older adults(n = 161 and n = 10, respectively) and other high-risk groups from across Canada, that are vulnerable to these natural hazards. The main findings from this study are that current awareness and preparedness among older adults is low, though stronger perceptions of risks are associated with risks specific to geographic locations where respondents live. Several barriers, such as hazard vulnerability misperceptions, cost-related reasons, and lack of hazard awareness have resulted in low awareness and preparedness among these populations. The two main recommendations arising from this research are:(1) improve awareness and preparedness with tailor-made emergency preparedness materials for older adults;and(2) adopt community-based approaches to disaster preparedness through existing community groups to strengthen social connections with a focus on locally specific hazards. The findings from this research can be applied to other hazards, including heatwaves and pandemics.

关键词： Canada Community-based disaster risk management Disaster awareness and preparedness Disaster resilience Natural hazards Older adults

Etiology and management of urethral calculi:A systematic review of contemporary series

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Asian j.urnal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 10-18页

作者： andrew Morton Arsalan Tariq Nigel Dunglison Rachel Esler Matthew j.Roberts Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Ipswich HospitalQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research HerstonAustralia

Obj.ctive:To conduct a systematic literature review on urethral calculi in a contemporary cohort describing etiology,investigation,and management ***:A systematic search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)databases was ***,including case reports and case series on urethral calculi published between j.nuary 2000 and December 2019,were ***-text manuscripts were reviewed for clinical parameters including symptomatology,etiology,medical history,investigations,treatment,and *** were collated and analyzed with univariate ***:Seventy-four publications met inclusion criteria,reporting on 95 *** symptoms(41.1%),pain(40.0%),and acute urinary retention(32.6%)were common presenting *** calculi were most often initially investigated using plain X-ray(63.2%),with almost all radio-opaque(98.3%).Urethral calculi were frequently associated with coexistent bladder or upper urinary tract calculi(16.8%)and underlying urethral pathology(53.7%)including diverticulum(33.7%)or stricture(13.7%).Urethral calculi were most commonly managed with external urethrolithotomy(31.6%),retrograde manipulation(22.1%),and endoscopic in situ lithotripsy(17.9%).Conclusion:This unique systematic review of urethral calculi provided a summary of clinical features and treatment trends with a suggested treatment *** in contemporary urological practice should be according to calculus size,shape,anatomical location,and presence of urethral pathology.

关键词： Urinary calculi Urethra Urethral calculi Management algorithm

Effects of organic fertilizers produced using different techniques on rice grain yield and ammonia volatilization in double-cropping rice fields

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 110-120页

作者： Mingcheng HU andrew j.ADE Weishou SHEN Zhenfang ZHONG Chongwen QIU Xiangui LIN j.angsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologyand School of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of ReadingReading RG65DWUK Haina Research Institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Ammonia(NH_(3)) volatilization from rice fields contributes to poor air quality and indicates low nitrogen use efficiency. Although organic fertilizers can meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth, the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on NH_(3) volatilization and rice yield in paddy fields are poorly understood and quantified. To address this gap in our knowledge, experimental field plots were established in a conventional double-cropping paddy field in the Pearl River Delta region, southern China. Five fertilizer treatments were used besides the control with no fertilizer: fresh organic fertilizer, successively composted organic fertilizer, chemically composted organic fertilizer, mixture of chemically composted organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer. Ammonia volatilization was measured using a batch-type airflow enclosure method. No significant differences in grain yield were observed among organic and chemical fertilizer treatments. However, compared with chemical fertilizer, chemically composted organic fertilizer and successively composted organic fertilizer significantly decreased total NH_(3) volatilization by 70% and 68%, respectively. The ammonium-nitrogen concentration in field surface water correlated strongly(P < 0.01) and positively with NH_(3) volatilization across fertilization treatments. Our findings demonstrate that chemically composted organic fertilizer can sustain rice yield while reducing NH_(3) volatilization. An important future step is to promote these field measurements to similar rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional-and national-scale impact on air quality and nitrogen deposition in sensitive areas, and to design and implement better fertilizer management practices.

关键词： air quality crop production manure NH_(3)emission nitrogen use efficiency

Myth and Momentum: A Critique of Environmental Impact Assessments

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j.urnal of Environmental Protection 2013年第8期4卷 72-77页

作者： andrew j. wright Sarah j. Dolman Michael j.sny E. C. M. Parsons Doris Schiedek Sharon B. Young 1Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark 2Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University Fairfax USA Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University Fairfax USA Natural Resources Defense Council Vancouver Canada The Humane Society of the United States Washington USA. Whale and Dolphin Conservation Chippenham UK

Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are designed to evaluate all reasonably foreseeable environmental consequences of human activities. Appropriate governmental scientists traditionally produced EIAs for management agencies in many countries. However, many EIAs are now contracted out, often to the lowest bidder without due consideration of expertise. Others suffer from limited agency resources. Consequently, many EIAs have become insufficiently researched documents that draw heavily from previous EIAs while being rushed to completion to meet legislative deadlines or avoid delaying proj.cts. Habitual treatment of topics often ignores recent scientific literature, perpetuating previous misconceptions and analytical flaws. Common problems in EIAs discussing wildlife include: a focus on lethal takes, with little consideration of non-lethal impacts or habitat degradation;a general dismissal of the possibility that non-significant (to the resource) impacts can, when combined, become significant;and the assumption that behavioral habituation in animals represents an end of impact. Incentive to break the cycle is somewhat lacking in this now often commercially competitive environment, where contracts are increasingly awarded by industry, generating potential conflict of interest. We believe investment in thorough, impartially written, scientifically-based and up-to-date EIAs is important for appropriately representing and managing ecosystems and their resources and avoiding potentially expensive litigation.

关键词： Policy Management Environmental Impact Assessment Errors Cumulative Impact Assessment

Machine learning-guided accelerated discovery of structure-property correlations in lean magnesium alloys for biomedical applications

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2267-2283页

作者： Sreenivas Raguraman Maitreyee Sharma Priyadarshini Tram Nguyen Ryan McGovern andrew Kim Adam j.Griebel Paulette Clancy Timothy P.Weihs Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimore21231MDU.S.A Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Research and Development Fort Wayne Metals Research ProductsLLC9609 Ardmore AveFort Wayne46809INU.S.A Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A

Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical ***,their rapid in-vivo degradation presents challenges,notably in upholding mechanical integrity over *** study investigates the impact of high-temperature thermal processing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,*** rapid,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy,we swiftly examine microstructural changes post-thermal *** Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship between microstructural properties and critical targets(properties):hardness and corrosion ***,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),we pinpoint the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated *** findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the predominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)phase in corrosion *** suggests that achieving an optimal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary *** thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interplay of processing,structure,and properties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the development of superior biodegradable implant materials.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Machine learning Corrosion Mechanical properties Rapid characterization

Editorial for the Special Issue on Emerging Technology and Advanced Application of Nondestructive Detection for Power Equipment

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Chinese j.urnal of Electrical Engineering 2024年第1期10卷 1-2页

作者： Li j. Mei H. Li S. Tianj.n University China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School China Lanzhou j.aotong University China

The rapid development of clean and renewable energy technologies represented by wind and solar energy,as well as the continuous growth of load demand,have put forward higher requirements for the safe operation of the power *** performance of power equipment based on traditional dielectric materials is often limited by various defects generated during molding,transportation,assembly,and operation,which cannot meet the reliability requirements of power systems in the new *** detection is an essential technical method in industrial development,which can detect and evaluate the defect and damage status of in-service equipment,key components,and materials without damaging the obj.ct.

关键词： service Application operation

Development of novel 5-FU modified siRNA against BCL-2 with enhanced efficacy and vehicle-free cellular uptake

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 23-25页

作者： andrew Fesler Ga-Ram Hwang j.ngfang j. Department of Pathology Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA The Northport Veteran's Administration Medical Center NorthportNY 11768USA Curamir Therapeutics Inc. WoburnMA 01801USA

One of the maj.r obstacles for nucleic acid-based medicine is cellular uptake due to the concern of efficiencyand potential toxicity of the *** this work,we developed a novel approach to eliminate the need for a vehicle to allow for the cellular uptake of siRNA-based therapy with a unique modification strategy that also further enhances therapeutic *** discovery may be of great importance for the development of siRNA-based therapeutics as cellular uptake remains a critical *** this study,we have tested the potential of this modification strategy for siRNA using a siRNA that targets B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2).

关键词： eliminate uptake modified