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Trans-Gulf of Mexico loop migration of tree swallows revealed by solar geolocation

Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 653-659页

作者： David W. BRADLEY Robert G. CLARK Peter O. DUNN andrew j. laughlin Caz M. TAYLOR Carol VLECK Linda A. WHITTINGHAM David W. WINKLER D. Ryan NORRIS Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W 1 Canada Bird Studies Canada Port Rowan Ontario N0E 1M0 Canada Environment Canada. Saskatoon. Saskatchewan S7N 0X4. Canada Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011-1020 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Museum of Vertebrates and Lab of Ornithology Comell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA

One of the greatest feats of avian migration is the non-stop crossing of extensive areas of inhospitable habitat such as deserts and seas. Differences in spring and autumn migration routes have been reported in species that cross such barriers, and are thought to have evolved in response to seasonal variation in prevailing wind direction. We tested the hypothesis that migration routes vary seasonally with respect to the Gulf of Mexico in the tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor using solar geolocators attached and retrieved at 4 breeding sites in central North America. We found that 100 % of birds （n = 10） made a trans-Gulf flight of 〉850 km from Louisiana south to their wintering grounds in the Yucatan Peninsula in 12-36 hours, achieving minimum ground speeds as high as 32 m/s. Although most days during autumn migration were characterized by unfavorable headwinds blowing to the northwest, migration over the Gulf mostly occurred on days with strong winds blowing to the south. In contrast, in 8 of 9 （88 %） birds on spring migration returned from the wintering grounds towards Louisiana following a clockwise loop pat- tern flying over land to the west around the Gulf. During this spring period there were few days with prevailing winds from the south to assist northward migration. Results suggest that, despite being up to three times further （ca. 2,700 kin）, a coastal circum-Gulf spring migration represents the less risky route when wind conditions are not favorable. These findings also help to resolve a long-standing dispute in the literature concerning migration patterns between the US Gulf coast and Mexico, and provide insight into the factors shaping migration strategies of small songbirds migrating across large bodies of water [Current Zoology 60（5）： 653-559, 2014].

关键词： Ecological Barrier Geolocation Gulf of Mexico Tachycineta bicolor Tree swallow Migration

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DeepRice: A deep learning and deep feature based classification of Rice leaf disease subtypes

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： Ritharson, P. Isaac Raimond, Kumudha Mary, X. Anitha Robert, j.nnifer Eunice andrew, j. Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept CSE Coimbatore Tamilnadu India Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept Robot Engn Coimbatore India Manipal Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Mechatron Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India Manipal Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India

Rice stands as a crucial staple food globally, with its enduring sustainability hinging on the prompt detection of rice leaf diseases. Hence, efficiently detecting diseases when they have already occurred holds paramount importance for solving the cost of manual visual identification and chemical testing. In the recent past, the identification of leaf pathologies in crops predominantly relies on manual methods using specialized equipment, which proves to be time-consuming and inefficient. This study offers a remedy by harnessing Deep Learning (DL) and transfer learning techniques to accurately identify and classify rice leaf diseases. A comprehensive dataset comprising 5932 self-generated images of rice leaves was assembled along with the benchmark datasets, categorized into 9 classes irrespective of the extent of disease spread across the leaves. These classes encompass diverse states including healthy leaves, mild and severe blight, mild and severe tungro, mild and severe blast, as well as mild and severe brown spot. Following meticulous manual labelling and dataset segmentation, which was validated by horticulture experts, data augmentation strategies were implemented to amplify the number of images. The datasets were subj.cted to evaluation using the proposed tailored Convolutional Neural Networks models. Their performance are scrutinized in conj.nction with alternative transfer learning approaches like VGG16, Xception, ResNet50, DenseNet121, Inception ResnetV2, and Inception V3. The effectiveness of the proposed custom VGG16 model was gauged by its capacity to generalize to unseen images, yielding an exceptional accuracy of 99.94%, surpassing the benchmarks set by existing state-of-the-art models. Further, the layer wise feature extraction is also visualized as the interpretable AI. (c) 2023 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativeco

关键词： Rice leaf disease Deep learning CNN Crop yield Agriculture Food security IDENTIFICATION

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Effects of different organic fertilizers on nitrous oxide and methane emissions from double-cropping rice fields

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 52-62页

作者： Mingcheng HU andrew j.WADE Weishou SHEN Zhenfang ZHONG Chongwen QIU Xiangui LIN j.angsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of ReadingReading RG66 DWUK Haina Research Institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Rice fields are a maj.r source of greenhouse gases,such as nitrous oxide (N_(2)O) and methane (CH_(4)).Organic fertilizers may potentially replace inorganic fertilizers to meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth;however,the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O and CH_(4)emissions and crop yield in paddy fields remain poorly understood and *** this study,experimental plots were established in conventional double-cropping paddy fields in the Pearl River Delta,China,including an unfertilized control and five fertilizer treatments with fresh organic fertilizer (FOF),successively composted organic fertilizer (SOF),chemically composted organic fertilizer (COF),COF supplemented with inorganic fertilizer (COIF),and chemical fertilizers (CFs)(TFOF,TSOF,TCOF,TCOIF,and TCF,respectively).Paddy field soils behaved simultaneously as an N_(2)O sink (cumulative N_(2)O emission:-196 to-381 g N ha^(-1)) and as a CH_(4)source (cumulative CH_(4)emission:719 to 2 178 kg ha^(-1)).Compared to CFs,the effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O emission were not *** contrast,total annual CH_(4)emission increased by 157%,132%,125%,and 37%in TFOF,TCOF,TSOF,and TCOIF,respectively,compared to *** TCOIF,rice yield was maintained,while CH_(4)emission was not significantly increased from the paddy fields characterized by a prolonged flood *** important next step is to extend these field-based measurements to larger rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional and national-scale impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and to help determine the optimum practice for fertilizer use.

关键词： crop production global warming potential greenhouse gases manure paddy sustainable agriculture

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Etiology and management of urethral calculi:A systematic review of contemporary series

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Asian j.urnal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 10-18页

作者： andrew Morton Arsalan Tariq Nigel Dunglison Rachel Esler Matthew j.Roberts Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Ipswich HospitalQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research HerstonAustralia

Obj.ctive:To conduct a systematic literature review on urethral calculi in a contemporary cohort describing etiology,investigation,and management ***:A systematic search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)databases was ***,including case reports and case series on urethral calculi published between j.nuary 2000 and December 2019,were ***-text manuscripts were reviewed for clinical parameters including symptomatology,etiology,medical history,investigations,treatment,and *** were collated and analyzed with univariate ***:Seventy-four publications met inclusion criteria,reporting on 95 *** symptoms(41.1%),pain(40.0%),and acute urinary retention(32.6%)were common presenting *** calculi were most often initially investigated using plain X-ray(63.2%),with almost all radio-opaque(98.3%).Urethral calculi were frequently associated with coexistent bladder or upper urinary tract calculi(16.8%)and underlying urethral pathology(53.7%)including diverticulum(33.7%)or stricture(13.7%).Urethral calculi were most commonly managed with external urethrolithotomy(31.6%),retrograde manipulation(22.1%),and endoscopic in situ lithotripsy(17.9%).Conclusion:This unique systematic review of urethral calculi provided a summary of clinical features and treatment trends with a suggested treatment *** in contemporary urological practice should be according to calculus size,shape,anatomical location,and presence of urethral pathology.

关键词： Urinary calculi Urethra Urethral calculi Management algorithm

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Genotypes and Phenotypes of Uygur Children with Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Case Study in Xinj.ang, China

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International j.urnal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第3期7卷 144-149页

作者： Qiu Y. Wang W.-j. Liang j.-Q. Yakeya B. Wang P. Zhang j.-Z. Kang X.-j. Department of Dermatology and Venereology People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830001 China Xinj.ang Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic Diseases Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830001 China Xinj.ang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research (Xj.S1707) Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830001 China

Obj.ctive: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive dermatosis caused by genetic defects of DNA repair. This study was performed to detect and analyze the genes of 2 Uygur patients with XP and their families and assess the patients' phenotypes, which may enrich the understanding of the genetic skin disorder spectrum in Xinj.ang area. Methods: We collected the clinical data from 2 patients with XP and peripheral blood samples from the patients and their family members. The patients' DNA was sequenced and detected by Sanger sequencing, and gene mutations were screened. Results: The proband in family 1 presented with brown maculae at the exposure site and squamous cell carcinoma secondary to a facial rash. The proband had a homozygous nucleotide variation of XPC c.2251-2A> G (A change from A to G in the penultimate position of the intron before the 2251 position in the coding region), which was a shear mutation. In this family, both parents were heterozygous, and no similar mutation detected in the sister. In family 2, the proband had scattered black brown spots and papules on the trunk and limbs. and his younger sister was also a patient. The proband and his younger sister had homonucleotide variation of XPA c.631C> T, which was nonsense mutation, resulting in the codon for Arg No.211 being changed into termination codon (***211X), thus terminating the peptide chain synthesis prematurely. All the normal individuals in the two families were heterozygotes, and homozygous mutations occurred in all the patients, which was consistent with the autosomal recessive inheritance. Conclusion: XP is rare in Uygur population. This study expanded the mutation spectrum of XP and provided a basis for early diagnosis, treatment, prognostic prediction, and prenatal genetic consultation. © 2022 Hospital for Skin Diseases (Institute of Dermatology), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Chinese Medical Association, published by Wolters Kluwer, Inc.

关键词： gene mutation xeroderma pigmentosum XPA gene XPC gene

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Effects of organic fertilizers produced using different techniques on rice grain yield and ammonia volatilization in double-cropping rice fields

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 110-120页

作者： Mingcheng HU andrew j.ADE Weishou SHEN Zhenfang ZHONG Chongwen QIU Xiangui LIN j.angsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologyand School of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of ReadingReading RG65DWUK Haina Research Institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Ammonia(NH_(3)) volatilization from rice fields contributes to poor air quality and indicates low nitrogen use efficiency. Although organic fertilizers can meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth, the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on NH_(3) volatilization and rice yield in paddy fields are poorly understood and quantified. To address this gap in our knowledge, experimental field plots were established in a conventional double-cropping paddy field in the Pearl River Delta region, southern China. Five fertilizer treatments were used besides the control with no fertilizer: fresh organic fertilizer, successively composted organic fertilizer, chemically composted organic fertilizer, mixture of chemically composted organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer. Ammonia volatilization was measured using a batch-type airflow enclosure method. No significant differences in grain yield were observed among organic and chemical fertilizer treatments. However, compared with chemical fertilizer, chemically composted organic fertilizer and successively composted organic fertilizer significantly decreased total NH_(3) volatilization by 70% and 68%, respectively. The ammonium-nitrogen concentration in field surface water correlated strongly(P < 0.01) and positively with NH_(3) volatilization across fertilization treatments. Our findings demonstrate that chemically composted organic fertilizer can sustain rice yield while reducing NH_(3) volatilization. An important future step is to promote these field measurements to similar rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional-and national-scale impact on air quality and nitrogen deposition in sensitive areas, and to design and implement better fertilizer management practices.

关键词： air quality crop production manure NH_(3)emission nitrogen use efficiency

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Wind power potential over northern South America using ERA5-Land global reanalysis

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第2期8卷 104-112页

作者： Arregoces, Heli A. Bonivento, Guillermo j. Roj.no, Roberto Univ Guaj.ra Fac Ingn Grp Invest GISA Riohacha Colombia Univ Antioquia UdeA Fac Ingn SIU Grp Proc Fisicoquim Aplicados Calle 70 52-21 Medellin Colombia

The northernmost region of South America has great potential for wind energy production and is a strategic area for the energy transition. We analysed data from ERA5-Land global reanalysis from 1980 to 2020 to determine the wind power potential in this area. Our aim was to identify areas with a high potential for wind energy that could be used to supply energy in case of drought in the region or increases in fuel prices. We compared data from 19 meteorological stations located in Colombia with ERA5-Land reanalysis data to generate reliable information for the feasibility and operation of wind farms. According to our analysis, the Colombian Caribbean and Coastal Plain have monthly average wind speeds at 90 m ranging from 4.85 to 10.34 m/s and 3.79 to 6.62 m/s, respectively. Based on wind power density calculations, these regions have the highest wind power density in our study, with a monthly average of between 250 and 399 W/m2. The Caribbean Region had a 69% increase in wind power density from j.nuary to j.ly compared with the annual average. The wind power density in the plains increased from j.nuary to March, while the Mountain Region had higher anomalies from May to October. The Alta Guaj.ra and Paraguana Peninsula have great potential to generate wind energy due to their privileged geographical location. Although ERA5 offers valuable information about wind availability in time and space, it cannot represent the influence of local effects on wind patterns for the Mountain Region. Data from ERA5-Land global reanalysis (1980-2020) are used to determine the wind power potential in the northernmost region of South America to identify areas with a high potential for wind energy, which could be used to supply energy in case of drought or increases in fuel prices. Graphical Abstract

关键词： onshore wind power wind power potential ERA5-Land global reanalysis wind speed ENERGY COLOMBIA REGION ERA5

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Machine learning-guided accelerated discovery of structure-property correlations in lean magnesium alloys for biomedical applications

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2267-2283页

作者： Sreenivas Raguraman Maitreyee Sharma Priyadarshini Tram Nguyen Ryan McGovern andrew Kim Adam j.Griebel Paulette Clancy Timothy P.Weihs Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimore21231MDU.S.A Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Research and Development Fort Wayne Metals Research ProductsLLC9609 Ardmore AveFort Wayne46809INU.S.A Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A

Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical ***,their rapid in-vivo degradation presents challenges,notably in upholding mechanical integrity over *** study investigates the impact of high-temperature thermal processing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,*** rapid,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy,we swiftly examine microstructural changes post-thermal *** Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship between microstructural properties and critical targets(properties):hardness and corrosion ***,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),we pinpoint the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated *** findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the predominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)phase in corrosion *** suggests that achieving an optimal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary *** thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interplay of processing,structure,and properties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the development of superior biodegradable implant materials.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Machine learning Corrosion Mechanical properties Rapid characterization

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Editorial for the Special Issue on Emerging Technology and Advanced Application of Nondestructive Detection for Power Equipment

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Chinese j.urnal of Electrical Engineering 2024年第1期10卷 1-2页

作者： Li j. Mei H. Li S. Tianj.n University China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School China Lanzhou j.aotong University China

The rapid development of clean and renewable energy technologies represented by wind and solar energy,as well as the continuous growth of load demand,have put forward higher requirements for the safe operation of the power *** performance of power equipment based on traditional dielectric materials is often limited by various defects generated during molding,transportation,assembly,and operation,which cannot meet the reliability requirements of power systems in the new *** detection is an essential technical method in industrial development,which can detect and evaluate the defect and damage status of in-service equipment,key components,and materials without damaging the obj.ct.

关键词： service Application operation

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Development of novel 5-FU modified siRNA against BCL-2 with enhanced efficacy and vehicle-free cellular uptake

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 23-25页

作者： andrew Fesler Ga-Ram Hwang j.ngfang j. Department of Pathology Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA The Northport Veteran's Administration Medical Center NorthportNY 11768USA Curamir Therapeutics Inc. WoburnMA 01801USA

One of the maj.r obstacles for nucleic acid-based medicine is cellular uptake due to the concern of efficiencyand potential toxicity of the *** this work,we developed a novel approach to eliminate the need for a vehicle to allow for the cellular uptake of siRNA-based therapy with a unique modification strategy that also further enhances therapeutic *** discovery may be of great importance for the development of siRNA-based therapeutics as cellular uptake remains a critical *** this study,we have tested the potential of this modification strategy for siRNA using a siRNA that targets B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2).

关键词： eliminate uptake modified

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