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A signal-substrate match in the substrate-borne component of a multimodal courtship display

current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 370-378页

作者： Damian O.ELIAS andrew c.mason Eileen A.HEBETS Department of Environmental Science Policy and ManagementUniversity of California Integrative Behaviour and Neuroscience Group University of Toronto Scarborough School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska

The environment can impose strong limitations on the efficacy of signal transmission. In particular, for vibratory communication, the signaling environment is often extremely heterogeneous at small scales. Nevertheless, natural selection is expected to select for signals well-suited for effective transmission. Here, we test for substrate-dependent signal efficacy in the wolf spider Schizocosa stridulans Strattou 1991. We first explore the transmission characteristics of this important signaling mo- dality by playing recorded substrate-bome signals through three different substrates （leaf litter, pine litter, and red clay） and measuring the propagated signal. We found that the substrate-bome signal of S. stridulans attenuates the least on leaf litter, the substrate upon which the species is naturally found. Next, by assessing mating success with artificially muted and non-muted males across different signaling substrates （leaf litter, pine litter, and sand）, we explored the relationship between substrate-bome signaling and signaling substrate for mating success. We found that muted males were unsuccessful in obtaining copulations re- gardless of substrate, while mating success was dependent on the signaling substrate for non-muted males. For non-muted males, more males copulated on leaf litter than any other substrate. Taken together, these results confLrm the importance of sub- strate-bome signaling in S. stridulans and suggest a match between signal properties and signal efficacy - leaf litter transmits the signal most effectively and males are most successful in obtaining copulations on leaf litter [current Zoology 56 （3）： 370-378, 2010].

关键词： Environmental heterogeneity Sensory drive Mate choice communication

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combination antiretroviral studies for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第1期22卷 349-360页

作者： Ellina Lytvyak Aldo J Montano-Loza andrew L mason Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Alberta

Following the characterization of a human betaretrovirus in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBc),pilot studies using antiretroviral therapy have been conducted as proof of principal to establish a link of virus with disease and with the eventual aim to find better adjunct therapies for patients unresponsive to ursodeoxycholic *** the first open label pilot study,the reverse transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine had little demonstrable biochemical or histological effect after 1 ***,lamivudine in combination with zidovudine was associated with a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase as well as improvement in necroinflammatory score,cholangitis and ductopenia over a 12 mo period.A double blind,multi-center randomized controlled trial using lamivudine with zidovudine for 6 mo confirmed a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase,ALT and AST in patients on antiviral ***,none of the patients achieved the stringent endpoint criteria for normalization of alkaline ***,some patients developed biochemical rebound consistent with drug resistance.A major fault of these studies has been the inability to measure the viral load in peripheral blood and therefore,provide a direct correlation between improvement of hepatic biochemistry and reduction in viral ***,viral mutants to lamivudine with zidovudine were later characterized in the NOD.c3c4 mouse model of PBc that has been used to test other antiretroviral regimens to *** combination of tenofovir and emtricitabine reverse transcriptase inhibitors and the HIV protease inhibitor,lopinavir were found to abrogate cholangitis in the NOD.c3c4 mouse model and the same regimen normalized the liver tests in a PBc patient with HIV and human betaretrovirus *** combination antiretroviral therapy has now been used in a double blind randomized controlled crossover study for patients with PBc followed by an open label extension *** a thi

关键词： Primary biliary cirrhosis Antiretroviraltherapy Human betaretrovirus Randomized controlledtrial Endpoints for trials

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Takayasu's arteritis following crohn's disease in a young woman:Any evidence for a common pathogenesis?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第25期14卷 4087-4090页

作者： Melissa AL Farrant Justin c.mason Newton AcS Wong Robert J Longman Department of Surgery Bristol Royal Infirmary Marlborough Street Rheumatology Unit Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Department of Histopathology Bristol Royal Infirmary Marlborough Street colorectal Unit Bristol Royal Infi rmary Marlborough Street

Takayasu's arteritis and crohn's disease are chronic in-flammatory diseases of uncertain aetiology. They rarely occur together, with only twenty nine cases of co-ex-istent Takayasu's arteritis and crohn's disease reported in the literature. In 88% of these cases, Takayasu's arteritis was diagnosed simultaneously or following a diagnosis of crohn's disease. We present a case of a young caucasian medical student, incidentally found to have bilateral carotid bruits on auscultation by a colleague. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed stenoses of the common carotid arteries with estab-lished collaterals, and a diagnosis of Type 1 Takayasu's arteritis was made. An 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan revealed no active disease. Nine months later, she presented with a short history of abdominal pain, vomiting and abdominal disten-sion. Barium follow-through and computer tomography revealed a terminal ileal stricture and proximal small bowel dilation. An extended right hemicoloectomy was performed and histopathology supported a diagnosis of crohn's disease. This case report is presented with a particular focus on the temporal relationship between these two disease processes and explores whether their concurrence is more than just co-incidence.

关键词： crohn's disease Granuloma Takayasu'sarteritis

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Fertility,genome stability,and homozygosity in a diverse set of resynthesized rapeseed lines

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The crop Journal 2023年第2期11卷 468-477页

作者： Elizabeth Ihien Katche Antje Schierholt Heiko c.Becker Jacqueline Batley Annaliese S.mason Plant Breeding Department The University of Bonn53115 BonnGermany Department of Plant Breeding Justus Liebig University35392 GiessenGermany Department of crop Sciences Division of Plant Breeding MethodologyGeorg-August University Göttingen37073 GöttingenGermany School of Biological Sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

Rapeseed(Brassica napus,AAcc)was formed by hybridization between progenitor species Brassica rapa(AA)and Brassica oleracea(cc).As a result of a limited number of hybridization events between specific progenitor genotypes and strong breeding selection for oil quality traits,rapeseed has limited genetic *** production of resynthesized *** lines via interspecific hybridization of the diploid progenitor species *** and *** is one possible way to increase genetic variation in ***,most resynthesized lines produced so far have been reported to be meiotically unstable and infertile,in contrast to established *** *** hinders both maintenance and use of this germplasm in breeding *** characterized a large set of 140 resynthesized lines produced by crosses between *** and ***,as well as between *** and wild c genome species(***,***,***,***,*** and ***)for purity(homozygosity),fertility,and genome ***-pollinated seed set,seeds per ten pods as well as percentage pollen viability were used to estimate *** genotyping was performed using the Illumina Infinium Brassica 60K array for 116 genotypes,with at least three individuals per *** of the material which had been advanced through multiple generations was no longer pure,with heterozygosity detected corresponding to unknown parental contributions via *** and genome stability were both *** lines had high numbers of copy number variants(cNVs),indicative of meiotic instability,and high numbers of cNVs were significantly associated with reduced *** putatively stable resynthesized *** lines were *** investigation of these lines may reveal the mechanisms underlying this *** results suggest that selection of stable resynthesized lines for breeding purposes is possible.

关键词： Fertility Genome stability copy number variants SNP genotyping Resynthesized lines

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The influence of stocking levels,clone,fertilization,and weed control on surface cO_(2)efflux in a mid-rotation Pinus radiata *** plantation in canterbury,New Zealand

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2567-2575页

作者： Mohan Kc Euan G.mason Horacio E.Bown School of Forestry University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800ChristchurchNew Zealand Ministry of Industry TourismForests and EnvironmentHetaudaBagmati ProvinceNepal Faculty of Forestry University of ChileP.O.Box 9206SantiagoChile

Silvicultural practices applied in managed forest plantations may help counteract the effects of climate change by influencing soil surface cO_(2)efflux(Fs).Understanding the effects of silvicultural practices on Fs will provide unbiased estimates of carbon fluxes and allow better silvicultural decisions for carbon ***,we assessed how Fs differed seasonally across silvicultural practices(i.e.,stocking levels,clone,fertilization and weed control treatments)and evaluated the effects of soil temperature(Ts)and soil volumetric water content(θv)on Fs across these practices for a mid-rotation(14 year-old)Pinus radiata plantation in the canterbury region of New *** were significant differences in Fs(pcking,and five *** effects of fertilization and weed control applied 12 years previously on Fs were *** estimate of Fs(mean±1 standard deviation)from the study site was 22.7±7.1 t ha^(-1)a^(-1)in the form of cO_(2)(6.2±2.1 t ha^(-1)a^(-1)in the form of c).Fs values were consistently higher in plots with 1250 stems ha^(-1)compared to 2500 stems ha^(-1),which may be related to a strong soil resource limitation because of the close spacing in the latter *** differences in Fs across clones suggest that variations in carbon partitioning might explain their growth *** treatments influenced Fs response to soil temperature(pce in *** findings provide insights into how silvicultural management decisions may impact Fs in mid-rotation radiata pine plantations,contributing towards developing more precise and unbiased plantation carbon budgets.

关键词： clone Silvicultural practices Soil cO_(2)efflux Stocking Weed control

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Phase behavior of rotationally asymmetric Brownian kites containing 90°internal angles

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chinese Physics B 2021年第12期30卷 467-472页

作者： Huaqing Liu Yiwu Zong Zhanglin Hou Thomas G.mason Kun Zhao Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering(Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhou 325001China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of chemistry and Biochemistry University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Physics Department Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Previous Monte carlo simulations have shown that ordered tetratic phases can emerge in a dense two-dimensional Brownian system of rotationally asymmetric hard kites having 90°internal ***,there have been no experimental investigations yet to compare with these simulation ***,we have fabricated two types of micron-sized kites having internal angles of 72°-90°-108°-90°and 72°-99°-90°-99°,respectively,and we have experimentally studied their phase behavior in two-dimensional *** and in contrast to the Monte carlo simulations,the experimental results show a phase sequence of isotropic fluid-hexagonal rotator crystal-square crystal as the area fractionφA increases for both types of *** observed square crystal displays not only a quasi-long-range translational order but also(quasi-)long-range 4-fold bond-and molecular-orientational order;these characteristics confirm that tetratic order can emerge even in dense Brownian systems of rotationally asymmetric particles.A model based on local polymorphic configurations(LPcs)is proposed to understand the origin of the square lattice order in these dense kite *** results in this study provide a new route to realize custom-designed self-assembly of colloids by controlling LPcs.

关键词： tetratic order colloidal kites two-dimentional system phase behavior

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OPTIMIZATION OF A WAVE cANcELLATION MULTIHULL SHIP USING cFD TOOLS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2002年第1期14卷 1-7页

作者： c. Yang, R. L■hner, O. Soto (School of computational Sciences, George mason University Fairfax VA 22030-4444, USA) Sch. of comp. Sci. George Mason Univ. Fairfax VA 22030-4444 United States

A simple cFD tool, coupled to a discrete surface representation and a gradient based optimization procedure, is applied to the design of optimal hull forms and optimal arrangement of hulls for a wave cancellation multihull ship. The cFD tool, which is used to estimate the wave drag, is based on the zeroth order slender ship approximation. The hu ll surface is represented by a triangulation, and almost every grid point on the surface can be used as a design variable. A smooth surface is obtained via a si mplified pseudo shell problem. The optimal design process consists of two steps . The optimal center and outer hull forms are determined independently in the fi rst step, where each hull forms are determined independently in the first step, where each hull keeps the same displacement as the original design while the wav e drag is minimized. The optimal outer hull arrangement is determined in the se cond step for the optimal center and outer hull forms obtained in the first step . Results indicate that the new design can achieve a large wave drag reduction i n comparison to the original design configuration.

关键词： hull form design hull form optimiza tion wave cancellation multihull ship trimaran wave resistance cFD tools sl ender ship approximation surface parameterization.

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clinical classification of symptomatic heterotopic pancreas of the stomach and duodenum:A case series and systematic literature review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第14期28卷 1455-1478页

作者： Michael T Le compte Brandon mason Keenan J Robbins Motoyo Yano Deyali chatterjee Ryan c Fields Steven M Strasberg William G Hawkins Department of Surgical Oncology University of North CarolinaRaleighNC 27608United States Department of Radiology Stillwater Medical CenterStillwaterOK 74074United States Department of General Surgery Washington University St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110-8109United States Department of Radiology Mayo ClinicPhoenixAZ 8505United States Department of Pathology and Immunology MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Surgical Oncology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110-8109United States Section of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic and GI Surgery Washington University St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110United States

BAcKGROUND Heterotopic pancreas(HP)is an aberrant anatomic malformation that occurs most commonly in the upper gastrointestinal *** the majority of heterotopic pancreatic lesions are asymptomatic,many manifest severe clinical symptoms which require surgical or endoscopic *** of the clinical manifestations and symptoms of HP is limited due to the lack of large volume studies in the *** purpose of this study is to review symptomatic cases at a single center and compare these to a systematic review of the literature in order to characterize common clinical manifestations and treatment of this *** To classify the common clinical manifestations of heterotopic *** A retrospective review was conducted of pathologic samples containing heterotopic pancreas from *** was limited to HP of the upper gastrointestinal tract due to the frequency of presentation in this *** patients were identified from review of the medical records and clinical symptoms were *** were compared to a systematic review of the literature utilizing Pub Med and Embase searches for papers pertaining to heterotopic *** describing symptomatic presentation of HP were selected for *** including demographics,symptoms,presentation and treatment were compiled and *** Twenty-nine patient were identified with HP at a single center,with six of these identified has having clinical *** manifestations included,gastrointestinal bleeding,gastric ulceration with/without perforation,pancreatitis,and gastric outlet *** review of the literature yielded 232 publications detailing symptomatic cases with only 20 studies describing ten or more *** and multi-patient studies were combined to form a cohort of 934 symptomatic *** majority of patients presented with abdominal pain(67%)combined with one of the following clinical catego

关键词： Heterotopic pancreas Ectopic pancreas Aberrant pancreas Pancreatic rest Groove pancreatitis

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The Effect of cell Size and Surface Roughness on the compressive Properties of ABS Lattice Structures Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2019年第5期9卷 139-151页

作者： L.mason M.c.Leu Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO 65409USA

Researchers looking to improve the surface roughness of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling(FDM)have determined that acetone smoothing not only achieves improved surface roughness but increases compressive strength as ***,the sensitivity of ABS parts to acetone smoothing has not been *** this study we investigated FDM-fabricated ABS lattice structures of various cell sizes subjected to cold acetone vapor smoothing to determine the combined effect of cell size and acetone smoothing on the compressive properties of the lattice *** acetone-smoothed specimens performed better than the as-built specimens in both compression modulus and maximum load,and there was a decrease in those compressive properties with decreasing cell *** difference between as-built and acetone-smoothed specimens was found to increase with decreasing cell size for the maximum load.

关键词： cell size surface roughness compressive properties lattice structure fused deposition modeling

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Biodegradable stent or balloon dilatation for benign oesophageal stricture: Pilot randomised controlled trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第48期20卷 18199-18206页

作者： Anjan Dhar Helen close Yirupaiahgari K Viswanath colin J Rees Helen c Hancock A Deepak Dwarakanath Rebecca H Maier Douglas Wilson James M mason Department of Gastroenterology County Durhamand Darlington NHS Foundation Trust Co. Durham DL14 6ADUnited Kingdom Durham clinical Trials Unit School of Medicine Pharmacy and Health Durham University Queen’s Campus Wolfson Research Institute University Boulevard Stockton-on-Tees TS17 6BH United Kingdom Department of Surgery James Cook University Hospital Marton Road Middlesbrough TS4 3BW United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology South Tyneside Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Harton Lane South Shields NE34 0PL United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology University Hospitals of North Tees Hardwick Stockton on Tees TS19 8PE United Kingdom

AIM: To undertake a randomised pilot study comparing biodegradable stents and endoscopic dilatation in patients with strictures.

关键词： Benign oesophageal stricture Biodegradable stent Endoscopic balloon dilatation Pilot study Randomised controlled trial Dysphagia

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