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Charcoal k.ln sites, associated landscape attributes and historic forest conditions:DTM-based investigations in Hesse(Germany)

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第3期3卷 174-189页

作者： Marcus Schmidt andreas M?lder Egbert Sch?nfelder Falk. engel Werner Fortmann-Valtink Northwest German Forest Research Institute Department A (Forest Growth) k.llerwald-Edersee National Park

Back.round： An examination of the distribution of ancient charcoal k.ln sites in the forest landscape seems to be worthwhile, since general trends in the selection of suitable k.ln site locations in the past might become obvious. In this way forest landscape elements with a more intense usage by charcoal burning can be identified. By doing this, we can expect to gain information on the former condition and tree species composition of woodland. Investigations on the spatial distribution of charcoal k.ln sites in relation to landscape attributes are sparse, however, probably due to the high on-site mapping effort. The outstanding suitability of LiDAR-derived digital terrain models （DTMs） for the detection of charcoal k.ln sites has been recently proved. Hence, DTM-based surveys of charcoal k.ln sites represent a promising attempt to fill this research gap. Methods： Based on DTM-based surveys, we analyzed the spatial distribution of charcoal k.ln sites in two forest landscapes in the German federal state of Hesse： Reinhardswald and k.llerwald-Edersee National Park. In doing so, we considered the landscape attibutes ＂tree species composition＂, ＂water supply status＂, ＂nutrient supply status＂, ＂soil complex classes＂, ＂altitude＂, ＂exposition＂, and ＂inclination＂. Results： We found that charcoal k.ln sites were established preferably on hillside locations that provided optimal growing and regeneration conditions for European beech （Fagus sylvatico） due to their acidic brown soils and sufficient water supply. These results are in line with instructions for the selection of appropriate k.ln site locations, found in literature from the 18th to the 19th century. Conclusions： We conclude that there were well-stock.d, beech-dominated deciduous forest stands in northern Hesse before 1800, particularly at poorly accessible hillside locations. These large stock. of beech wood were utilized by the governments of the different Hessian territories through the establishment of ironwork.

关键词： Airborne laser scanning Charcoal production Cultural remains Digital terrain model Fagus sylvatica Forest history Historical ecology Landscape history Industrial history Metallurgy

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Diagnostic Power of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Presence of Lymph Node Metastasis:A Meta-analysis

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2017年第4期37卷 469-474页

作者：孔祥闯熊凌云 Emre Gazyak.n Holger engel Ulrich k.eser andreas k.Nüssler Christoph Hirche 孔祥泉 Department of Radiology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Hand-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Burn CenterBG Trauma Center LudwigshafenUniversity of Heidelberg Department of Hand-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Medical Center Kassel Eberhard-k.rls-University Tuebingen BG Trauma CenterSiegfried Weller Institut

Present work.was designed to quantitatively evaluate the performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging（DWI） in the diagnosis of the presence of metastasis in lymph nodes（LNs）. Eligible studies were identified from systematical Pub Med and EMBASE searches. Data were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed to generate pooled sensitivity and specificity on the basis of per-node, per-lesion and per-patient, respectively. Fourteen publications（2458 LNs, 404 lesions and 334 patients） were eligible. Per-node basis demonstrated the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 0.82（P〈0.0001） and 0.90（P〈0.0001）, respectively. Per-lesion basis illustrated the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 0.73（P=0.0036） and 0.85（P〈0.0001）, respectively. Per-patient basis indicated the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 0.67（P=0.0909） and 0.86（P〈0.0001）, respectively. In conclusion, DWI has rather a negative predictive value for the diagnosis of LN metastasis presence. The difference of the mean apparent diffusion coefficients between benign and malignant LNs is not yet stable. Therefore, the DWI technique has to be further improved.

关键词： Meta-analysis magnetic resonance imaging lymph node metastasis diffusion-weighted

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The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND):Science and design

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第1期63卷 1-43页

作者： Jaime Alvarez-Muniz Rafael Alves Batista Aswathi Balagopal V. Julien Bolmont Mauricio Bustamante Washington Carvalho Jr. Didier Charrier Ismael Cognard Valentin Decoene Peter B.Denton Sijbrand De Jong k.ijn D.De Vries Ralph engel k. Fang Chad Finley Stefano Gabici Quan Bu Gou Jun Hua Gu Claire Guépin Hong Bo Hu Yan Huang k.mik. k.tera Sandra Le Coz Jean-Philippe Lenain Guo Liang Léü Olivier Martineau-Huynh Miguel Mostafá Fabrice Mottez k.hta Murase Valentin Niess Foteini Oik.nomou Tanguy Pierog Xiang Li Qian Bo Qin Duan Ran Nicolas Renault-Tinacci Mark.s Roth Frank.G.Schroder Fabian Schüssler Cyril Tasse Charles Timmerman Matías Tueros Xiang Ping Wu Philippe Zark. andreas Zech B.Theodore Zhang Jian Li Zhang Yi Zhang Qian Zheng Anne Zilles Departamento de Fisica de Particulas&lnstituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias Universidad de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela 15782Spain Instituto de Astronomia Geofisica e Ciencias AtmosfericasUniversidade de Sao PauloSao Paulo-SP 05508-090Brazil Department of Physics-Astrophysics University of OxfordDWBOxford 0X13RHUK Institute of Experimental Particle Physics(ETP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsru he D-76021Germany Laboratoire de Physique Nucleeaire et de Hautes Energies(LPNHE) Sorbonne UniversiteUniversite Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris CiteCNRS place Jussieu F-75252Paris Cedex 5France Niels Bohr International Academy and DARk Niels Bohr InstituteCopenhagen 2100Denmark Discovery Center Niels Bohr InstituteCopenhagen 2100Denmark Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics(CCA.PP)&Department of Physics Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH 43210USA Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela 15782Spain 0SUBATECH Institut Mines-Telecom Atlantique-CNRS/IN2P3-Universite de NantesNantes 44300France Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de k.nvironnement et de VEspace LPC2E CNRS-Universite d'Orleans Orleans F-45071France Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay Observatoire de ParisCNRS/INSU F-18330 NangayFrance Sorbonne Universite UMR 7095Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris98 bis bd AragoParis 75014France Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics(IMAPP)Radboud UniversiteitNijmegen 6500Netherlands Nationaal Instituut voor k.mfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica(NIk.EF) Amsterdam NL-1009Netherlands IIHE/ELEM Vrije Universiteit BrusselPleinlaan 2Brussels 1050Belgium Institute for Nuclear Physics(Ik.) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsruhe D-76021Germany Einstein Fellow Stanford UniversityStanford CA 94305USA Department of Astronomy University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742-2421USA Joint Space-Science Institute College Park MD 20742-2421USA Osk.r k.ein Centre Stockholm UniversityStockholm SE-10691Sweden Department of Phy

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND)is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy(UHE)cosmic particles,with energies exceeding 10~8 Ge *** goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic *** do this,GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched *** will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the *** design is modular:20 separate,independent sub-arrays,each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 k.^2.A staged construction plan will validate k.y detection techniques while achieving important science goals *** we present the science goals,detection strategy,preliminary design,performance goals,and construction plans for GRAND.

关键词： radio telescopes neutrinos in astronomical observations cosmic rays in astronomical observations radiowave radiation:sources galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays:galactic and extragalactic

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND):Science and design

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 5-47页

作者： Jaime álvarez-Mu?iz Rafael Alves Batista Aswathi Balagopal V. Julien Bolmont Mauricio Bustamante Washington Carvalho Jr. Didier Charrier Isma?l Cognard Valentin Decoene Peter B.Denton Sijbrand De Jong k.ijn D.De Vries Ralph engel k. Fang Chad Finley Stefano Gabici Quan Bu Gou Jun Hua Gu Claire Guépin Hong Bo Hu Yan Huang k.mik. k.tera Sandra Le Coz Jean-Philippe Lenain Guo Liang Léü Olivier Martineau-Huynh Miguel Mostafá Fabrice Mottez k.hta Murase Valentin Niess Foteini Oik.nomou Tanguy Pierog Xiang Li Qian Bo Qin Duan Ran Nicolas Renault-Tinacci Mark.s Roth Frank.G.Schr ?der Fabian Schüssler Cyril Tasse Charles Timmerman Matías Tueros Xiang Ping Wu Philippe Zark. andreas Zech B.Theodore Zhang Jian Li Zhang Yi Zhang Qian Zheng Anne Zilles Departamento de Física de Partículas & Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de S?o Paulo Department of Physics—Astrophysics University of Oxford DWB Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Laboratoire de Physique Nucléeaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE) Sorbonne Université Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité Niels Bohr International Academy and DARk Niels Bohr Institute Discovery Center Niels Bohr Institute Center for Cosmology and Astro Particle Physics (CCAPP) & Department of Physics Ohio State University Universidade de Santiago de Compostela SUBATECH Institut Mines-Telecom Atlantique – CNRS/IN2P3 – Université de Nantes Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace LPC2E CNRS-Université d’Orléans Station de Radioastronomie de Nan?cay Observatoire de Paris Sorbonne Université UMR 7095 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP) Radboud Universiteit Nationaal Instituut voor k.rnfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIk.EF) IIHE/ELEM Vrije Universiteit Brussel Institute for Nuclear Physics (Ik.) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Einstein Fellow Stanford University Department of Astronomy University of Maryland Joint Space-Science Institute Osk.r k.ein Centre Stockholm University Department of Physics Stockholm University Astro Particule et Cosmologie (APC) Université Paris Diderot CNRS/IN2P3 CEA/Irfu Observatoire de Paris Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang University Center for Particle and Gravitational Astrophysics Pennsylvania State University Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics Pennsylvania State University LUTH Observatoire de Paris

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection（GRAND） is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy（UHE） cosmic particles, with energies exceeding 10～8 Ge V. Its goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic rays. To do this, GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched sensitivity. GRAND will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the atmosphere. Its design is modular: 20 separate, independent sub-arrays, each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 k.2. A staged construction plan will validate k.y detection techniques while achieving important science goals early. Here we present the science goals, detection strategy, preliminary design, performance goals, and construction plans for GRAND.

关键词： radio telescopes neutrinos in astronomical observations cosmic rays in astronomical observations radiowave radiation: sources galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays