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Adiponectin and its receptors in rodent models of fatty liver disease and liver cirrhosis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第34期12卷 5490-5494页

作者： Markus Neumeier Claus Hellerbrand Erwin Gbele Roland Buettner Cornelius Bollheimer Johanna Weigert andreas schffler Thomas S Weiss Monika Lichtenauer Jürgen schlmerich Christa Buechler Department of Internal Medicine I University of Regensburg D-93042 Regensburg Germany Department of Surgery Center for Liver Cell Research University of Regensburg Germany

AIM： To determine circulating and hepatic adiponectin in rodents with fatty liver disease or liver cirrhosis and investigate expression of the adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 on the mRNA and protein level and AdipoR2 on the mRNA level. METHODS： Fat fed rats were used as a model for fatty liver disease and bile duct ligation in mice to investigate cirrhotic liver. Expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA was determined by real time RT-PCR. AdipoR1 protein was analysed by immunoblot. Adiponectin was measured by ELISA. RESULTS： Systemic adiponectin is reduced in fatfed rats but is elevated in mice after bile duct ligation （BDL）. Hepatic adiponectin protein is lower in steatotic liver but not in the liver of BE）L-mice when compared to controls. Adiponectin mRNA was not detected in human liver samples or primary human hepatocytes nor in rat liver but recombinant adiponectin is taken up by isolated hepatocytes in-vitro. AdipoR1 mRNA and AdipoR1 protein levels are similar in the liver tissue of control and fat fed animals whereas AdipoR2 mRNA is induced. AdipoR2 mRNA and AdipoR1 mRNA and protein is suppressed in the liver of BDL-mice. CONCLUSION： Our studies show reduced circulating adiponectin in a rat model of fatty liver disease whereas circulating adiponectin is elevated in a mouse model of cirrhosis and similar findings have been described in humans. Diminished hepatic expression of adiponectin receptors was only found in liver cirrhosis.

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Adiponectin Liver cirrhosis Adiponectin receptor 1 Adiponectin receptor 2

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Microglia:a promising therapeutic target in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 454-463页

作者： Xiaowei Zha Guoli Zheng Thomas Skutella Karl Kiening andreas Unterberg Alexander Younsi Department of Neurosurgery Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany Department of Neuroanatomy Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

Microglia are present throughout the central nervous system and are vital in neural repair,nutrition,phagocytosis,immunological regulation,and maintaining neuronal *** a healthy spinal cord,microglia are accountable for immune surveillance,however,when a spinal cord injury occurs,the microenvironment drastically changes,leading to glial scars and failed axonal *** this context,microglia vary their gene and protein expression during activation,and proliferation in reaction to the injury,influencing injury responses both favorably and unfavorably.A dynamic and multifaceted injury response is mediated by microglia,which interact directly with neurons,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neural stem/progenitor *** a clear understanding of their essential nature and origin,the mechanisms of action and new functions of microglia in spinal cord injury require extensive *** review summarizes current studies on microglial genesis,physiological function,and pathological state,highlights their crucial roles in spinal cord injury,and proposes microglia as a therapeutic target.

关键词： astrocytes cytokines functional recovery immune regulation M1/M2 activation macrophages microglia neuroinflammation spinal cord injury therapy

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Contribution of fungal biomass to persistent soil carbon across natural ecosystems

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年

作者： Xiang WANG Guang-Hui YU Yakov KUZYAKOV Bo-Hao YIN andreas KAPPLER Cong-Qiang LIU Bohai Coastal Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System Science Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim Tianjin University Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil Science University of G?ttingen Agro-Technological Institute Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) Geomicrobiology Center for Applied Geosciences University of Tübingen Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection University of Tübingen

Fungi are known to be crucial in the formation and stabilization of soil organic matter through their exudates and dead residues (necromass). Yet, it remains unclear how fungi contribute to the persistence of carbon in soils over millennial scales across biomes. Here, this study fills the knowledge gap by linking fungal carbon stocks with minerals-associated carbon stocks across major biomes. A strong correlation between fungal biomass and reactive mineral-associated carbon stocks in soils across six biomes supports the substantial role of fungi in soil carbon persistence at the global level. High spatial resolution nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that fungi may stabilize carbon by forming organo-mineral associations through their close physical connection to reactive minerals and weathered nanoparticles. We propose a conceptual model that emphasizes the dualistic role of hypha-mineral interactions:(i) fungi accelerate organic matter decomposition by producing reactive oxygen species on the hypha-mineral interfaces, and (ii) fungi stabilize their residues on mineral surfaces, leading to millennial scale persistence of soil C. Concluding, fungi play a fundamental role in ecosystems that extends beyond the decomposition of persistent carbon. They are crucial in stabilizing carbon on mineral surfaces, thereby facilitating the long-term removal of carbon from rapid biotic cycling.

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Stroke recovery enhancing therapies:lessons from recent clinical trials

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 717-720页

作者： andreas Rogalewski Wolf-Rüdiger schäbitz Department of Neurology Bethel-EVKBUniversity of BielefeldBielefeldGermany

Poststroke recovery processes include restoration or compensation of function,respectively functions initially lost or new functions acquired after an *** interventions can enhance these processes and/or reduce processes impeding *** experimental studies suggest great opportunities for such treatments,but the results from recent large clinical trials using neuromodulators such as dopamine and fluoxetine are *** reasons for this are manifold affecting forward translation of results from animals models into the human ***"translational road block"is defined by differences between animals and humans with regard to the genetic and epigenetic background,size and anatomy of the brain,cerebral vascular anatomy,immune system,as well as clinical function and *** blockade includes the incompatible adaption of targets and outcomes in clinical trials with regard to prior preclinical *** example,the design of clinical recovery trials varies widely and was characterized by the selection of different clinical endpoints,the inclusion a broad spectrum of stroke subtypes and clinical syndromes as well as different time windows for treatment initiation after infarct *** review will discuss these aspects based on the results of the recent stroke recovery trials with the goal to contribute to the currently biggest unmet need in stroke research-the development of a recovery enhancing therapy that improves the functional outcome of a chronic stroke patient.

关键词： amphetamine brain chronic stroke clinical trial dopamine fluoxetine recovery regeneration serotonin reuptake inhibitor translation

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Degradation of the fungicide metalaxyl and its non-extractable residue formation in soil clay and silt fractions

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Pedosphere 2021年第4期31卷 549-559页

作者： Roschni KALATHOOR Jens BOTTERWECK andreas schÄFFER Burkhard schMIDT Jan schWARZBAUER Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52062(Germany) Institute for Environmental Research RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52062(Germany) school of the Environment Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023(China)

The proportion of organic matter and mineral composition are important factors determining the formation and type of non-extractable residues(NERs) of pesticides in soil. In this study, we investigated the enantioselectivity in degradation and NER formation of the chiral fungicide metalaxyl in soil particle size fractions(silt and clay). Microbial and extracellular enzyme activities during these processes were monitored in incubation of silt and clay samples isolated from sterilized and non-sterilized soil samples collected from a long-term agricultural field experimental site in Ultuna, Sweden. The temporal influence on the fate of the fungicide was noted by short-term(10-d) and long-term(92-d) incubations. Besides the acquisition of quantitative data with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS), stereoselective analyses were performed with chiral GC/MS. Quantitative results pointed to a higher metabolism rate of the pesticide through microbial activity than through extracellular enzyme activity. This was also confirmed by the enantioselective depletion of R-metalaxyl and the subsequent formation of R-metalaxyl acid in microbially active samples from non-sterilized soil. The silt fraction containing a high amount of organic matter exhibited a significant hydrolyzable proportion of metalaxyl NERs that was releasable under alkaline conditions. On the contrary, the clay fraction showed an enhanced affinity for covalently bound residues. Based on our results, we recommend differentiating between reversibly and irreversibly bound proportions of pesticides in persistence and environmental risk assessment because the reversible fraction contained potentially bioavailable amounts of residues that may be released under natural conditions.

关键词： chiral fungicide enantioselectivity metalaxyl enantiomer non-extractable pesticide residues organo-mineral complex pesticide degradation extracellular enzymes soil particle size fractions

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Influences of perfluorooctanoic acid on the aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第3期25卷 466-472页

作者： Chengliang Li andreas schffer Harry Vereecken Marc Heggen Rong Ji Erwin Klumpp College of Resources and Environment Shandong Agricultural University National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Biology 5-Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics RWTH Aachen University Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3) Forschungszentrum Jlich GmbH Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons Forschungszentrum Jlich State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing University Institute for Climate and Global Change Research Nanjing University

The aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） in the aqueous phase not only inhibits their extensive utilization in various aspects but also dominates their environmental fate and *** role of surfactants at low concentration in the aggregation of MWCNTs has been studied,however the effect of perfluorinated surfactants at low concentration is *** understand this interfacial phenomenon,the influences of perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA）,and sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS） as a control,on MWCNT aggregation in the aqueous phase were examined by the UV absorbency *** of pH and cationic species on the critical coagulation concentration （CCC） value were *** CCC values were dependent on the concentration of PFOA,however a pronounced effect of SDS concentration on the CCC values was not *** CCC values of the MWCNTs were 51.6 mmol/L in NaCl and 0.28 mmol/L in CaCl 2 solutions,which suggested pronounced differences in the effects of Na＋ and Ca2＋ ions on the aggregation of the *** presence of both PFOA and SDS significantly decreased the CCC values of the MWCNTs in NaCl *** aggregation of the MWCNTs took place under acidic conditions and was not notably altered under neutral and alkaline conditions due to the electrostatic repulsion of deprotonated functional groups on the surface of the MWCNTs.

关键词： perfluorooctanoic acid aggregation multi-walled carbon nanotubes

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Charcoal kiln sites, associated landscape attributes and historic forest conditions:DTM-based investigations in Hesse(Germany)

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第3期3卷 174-189页

作者： Marcus schmidt andreas M?lder Egbert sch?nfelder Falko Engel Werner Fortmann-Valtink Northwest German Forest Research Institute Department A (Forest Growth) Kellerwald-Edersee National Park

Background： An examination of the distribution of ancient charcoal kiln sites in the forest landscape seems to be worthwhile, since general trends in the selection of suitable kiln site locations in the past might become obvious. In this way forest landscape elements with a more intense usage by charcoal burning can be identified. By doing this, we can expect to gain information on the former condition and tree species composition of woodland. Investigations on the spatial distribution of charcoal kiln sites in relation to landscape attributes are sparse, however, probably due to the high on-site mapping effort. The outstanding suitability of LiDAR-derived digital terrain models （DTMs） for the detection of charcoal kiln sites has been recently proved. Hence, DTM-based surveys of charcoal kiln sites represent a promising attempt to fill this research gap. Methods： Based on DTM-based surveys, we analyzed the spatial distribution of charcoal kiln sites in two forest landscapes in the German federal state of Hesse： Reinhardswald and Kellerwald-Edersee National Park. In doing so, we considered the landscape attibutes ＂tree species composition＂, ＂water supply status＂, ＂nutrient supply status＂, ＂soil complex classes＂, ＂altitude＂, ＂exposition＂, and ＂inclination＂. Results： We found that charcoal kiln sites were established preferably on hillside locations that provided optimal growing and regeneration conditions for European beech （Fagus sylvatico） due to their acidic brown soils and sufficient water supply. These results are in line with instructions for the selection of appropriate kiln site locations, found in literature from the 18th to the 19th century. Conclusions： We conclude that there were well-stocked, beech-dominated deciduous forest stands in northern Hesse before 1800, particularly at poorly accessible hillside locations. These large stocks of beech wood were utilized by the governments of the different Hessian territories through the establishment of ironworks

关键词： Airborne laser scanning Charcoal production Cultural remains Digital terrain model Fagus sylvatica Forest history Historical ecology Landscape history Industrial history Metallurgy

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Tetrahydrohyperforin:a neuroprotective modified natural compound against Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第4期10卷 552-554页

作者： Carla Montecinos-Oliva andreas schüller Nibaldo C.Inestrosa Centro de Envejecimientoy Regeneración (CARE) Departamento de Biología Celulary Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Center for the Healthy Brain Ageing School of PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA) Universidad de MagallanesPunta ArenasChile (Inestrosa NC) Centro UC Síndrome de Down Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile

According to the World Health Organization （WHO）, a total of 35.6 million cases of dementia were estimated in 2010, with close to 7.7 million new cases each year. In 2008, WHO declared dementia a priority condition. 90% of all dementia cases are considered to be Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. Therefore, great effort was made to understand the etiology of the disease and stop or slow down AD progression.

关键词： TRPC PS APP Tetrahydrohyperforin CREB SKF Hyp

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生态系统中真菌生物量对土壤稳定碳库的贡献

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中国科学:地球科学 2025年

作者：王翔余光辉 Yakov KUZYAKOV 殷博昊 andreas KAPPLER 刘丛强天津大学地球系统科学学院表层地球系统科学研究院环渤海地球关键带科学与可持续发展重点实验室环渤海滨海地球关键带野外科学观测研究站 Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil ScienceUniversity of G?ttingen Agro-Technological Institute Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) Geomicrobiology Center for Applied GeosciencesUniversity of Tübingen Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight InfectionTübingen University

真菌的胞外聚合物和死亡残体显著贡献于土壤有机质的形成和稳定过程.然而,在不同的生态系统中,真菌对千年尺度上土壤碳持久性的贡献与机制尚不清楚.本文研究发现,全球六个典型生态系统中的土壤真菌生物量碳库与矿物结合态碳库具有较强... 详细信息

真菌的胞外聚合物和死亡残体显著贡献于土壤有机质的形成和稳定过程.然而,在不同的生态系统中,真菌对千年尺度上土壤碳持久性的贡献与机制尚不清楚.本文研究发现,全球六个典型生态系统中的土壤真菌生物量碳库与矿物结合态碳库具有较强的耦联关系,表明在全球尺度上真菌胞外聚合物和残体显著贡献于土壤稳定碳库.利用高空间分辨率的纳米离子探针质谱分析,揭示了松树菌根中的真菌与矿物纳米颗粒紧密黏附在一起;同时,菌丝表面形成了500～600nm厚的矿物-有机复合体覆盖层,该发现为土壤中真菌胞外聚合物和残体碳稳定的微观机制提供了直接证据.进一步,本文提出了菌丝-矿物互作的概念模型:(1)活体真菌在菌丝-矿物界面产生活性氧,从而加速了有机质分解;(2)真菌残体或胞外聚合物通过与矿物吸附而直接稳定在菌丝表面,有助于形成土壤稳定碳库.综上,真菌在生态系统中不仅分解碳、促进元素生物地球化学循环,而且还通过将有机质稳定在矿物表面而促进碳的长期稳定.

关键词：生物地理学真菌矿物结合态有机质活性矿物土壤碳稳定性纳米离子探针质谱

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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