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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第5期8卷 499-512页

作者： Günter Wuzella Arunjunai Raj Mahendran andreas kandelbauer Kompetenzzentrum Holz(Wood K Plus) LinzA-4040Austria Reutlingen University Lehr-und Forschungszentrum Process Analysis&TechnologySchool of Applied ChemistryReutlingenD-72762Germany

Here,we report the mechanical and water sorption properties of a green composite based on Typha latifolia *** composite was prepared either completely binder-less or bonded with 10%(w/w)of a bio-based resin which was a mixture of an epoxidized linseed oil and a tall-oil based *** flexural modulus of elasticity,the flexural strength and the water absorption of hot pressed Typha panels were measured and the influence of pressing time and panel density on these properties was *** cure kinetics of the biobased resin was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)in combination with the iso-conversional kinetic analysis method of Vyazovkin to derive the curing conditions required for achieving completely cured *** the binderless Typha panels the best technological properties were achieved for panels with high *** adding 10%of the binder resin the flexural strength and especially the water absorption were improved significantly.

关键词： Natural fibre composite Cattails Typha latifolia epoxidized linseed oil cure kinetics iso-conversional kinetic analysis

Process Characterization of the Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil to Biodiesel Using Design of Experiments and Infrared Spectroscopy

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第4期11卷 1643-1660页

作者： Tobias Drieschner andreas kandelbauer Bernd Hitzmann Karsten Rebner Lehr-und Forschungszentrum Process Analysis and Technology(PA&T)der Hochschule Reutlingen Reutlingen72762Germany Department of Process Analytics and Cereal Science Institute of Food Science and BiotechnologyUniversität HohenheimStuttgart70599Germany

For optimization of production processes and product quality,often knowledge of the factors influencing the process outcome is ***,process analytical technology(PAT)that allows deeper insight into the process and results in a mathematical description of the process behavior as a simple function based on the most important process factors can help to achieve higher production efficiency and *** present study aims at characterizing a well-known industrial process,the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters(FAME)for usage as biodiesel in a continuous micro reactor *** this end,a design of experiment approach is applied,where the effects of two process factors,the molar ratio and the total flow rate of the reactants,are *** optimized process target response is the FAME mass fraction in the purified nonpolar phase of the product as a measure of reaction *** quantification is performed using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy in combination with partial least squares *** data retrieved during the conduction of the DoE experimental plan were used for statistical analysis.A non-linear model indicating a synergistic interaction between the studied factors describes the reactor behavior with a high coefficient of determination(R^(2))of ***,we applied a PAT approach to generate further insight into this established industrial process.

关键词： Process analytical technology transesterification design of experiment attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy partial least square regression

Effect of Phenolation, Lignin-Type and Degree of Substitution on the Properties of Lignin-Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Impregnation Resins: Molecular Weight Distribution, Wetting Behavior, Rheological Properties and Thermal Curing Profiles

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第6期8卷 603-630页

作者： Marion Thébault Larysa Kutuzova Sandra Jury Iris Eicher Edith-Martha Zikulnig-Rusch andreas kandelbauer Kompetenzzentrum Holz(Wood K Plus) LinzA-4040Austria Reutlingen University Lehr-und Forschungszentrum Process Analysis&TechnologySchool of Applied ChemistryReutlingenD-72762Germany

Here,the effects of substituting portions of fossil-based phenol in phenol formaldehyde resin by renewable lignin from two different sources are investigated using a factorial screening experimental *** the resins consumed by the wood-based industry,phenolics are one of the most important types used for impregnation,coating or gluing *** are prepared by condensing phenol with formaldehyde(PF).One major use of PF is as matrix polymer for decorative laminates in exterior cladding and wet-room *** requirements for such PFs are favorable flow properties(low viscosity),rapid curing behavior(high reactivity)and sufficient self-adhesion capacity(high residual curing potential).Partially substituting phenol in PF with bio-based phenolic co-reagents like lignin modifies the physicochemical properties of the resulting *** this study,phenol-formaldehyde formulations were synthesized where either 30%or 50%(in weight)of the phenol monomer were substituted by either sodium lignosulfonate or Kraft *** effect of modifying the lignin material by phenolation before incorporation into the resin synthesis was also *** resins so obtained were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red(FTIR)spectroscopy,Size Exclusion Chromatography(SEC),Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC),rheology,and measurements of contact angle and surface tension using the Wilhelmy plate method and drop shape analysis.

关键词： Lignin lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin(PF) surface energy viscosity thermal characterization design of experiments

Impregnated Paper-Based Decorative Laminates Prepared from Lignin-Substituted Phenolic Resins

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第10期8卷 1181-1198页

作者： Marion Thébault Ya Li Christopher Beuc Stephan Frömel-Frybort Edith-Martha Zikulnig-Rusch Larysa Kutuzova andreas kandelbauer Kompetenzzentrum Holz(Wood K Plus) Altenberger Straße 69A-4040LinzAustria University of Life Sciences and Natural Resources(BOKU) Universitäts-und Forschungszentrum Tulln(UFT)TullnA-3430Austria Reutlingen University Lehr-und Forschungszentrum Process Analysis&Technology(PA&T)School of Applied ChemistryReutlingenD-72762Germany

High Pressure Laminates(HPL)panels consist of stacks of self-gluing paper sheets soaked with phenol-formaldehyde(PF)*** important requirement for such PFs is that they must rapidly penetrate and saturate the paper *** substituting phenol with bio-based phenolic chemicals like lignin changes the physico-chemical properties of the resin and affects its ability to penetrate the *** this study,PF formulations containing different proportions of lignosulfonate and kraft lignin were used to prepare paper-based *** penetration of a Kraft paper sheet was characterized by a recently introduced,new device measuring the conductivity between both sides of the paper sheet after a drop of resin was placed on the surface and allowed to penetrate the *** main target value measured was the time required for a specific resin to completely penetrate the defined paper sample(“penetration time”).This penetration time generally depends on the molecular weight distribution,the flow behavior and the polarity of the resin which in turn are dependent on the manufacturing conditions of the *** the present study,the influences of the three process factors:(1)type of lignin material used for substitution,(2)lignin modification by phenolation and(3)degree of phenol substitution on the penetration times of various lignin-phenolic hybrid impregnation resins were studied using a complete twolevel three-factorial experimental *** laminates made with the resins diluted in methanol were mechanically tested in terms of tensile and flexural strains,and their cross-sections were studied by light microscopy.

关键词： Lignin phenol-formaldehyde resin(PF) decorative laminate impregnated paper