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Role of T Cells in Viral and Immune-mediated Myocarditis

Cardiology Discovery 2024年第1期4卷 43-54页

作者： Chunyan Cheng Anna Baritussio andrea sil.io giordani Renzo Marcolongo Alida L.P.Caforio Sabino Iliceto Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Guangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510080China Cardiology Unit Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of PadovaVia Giustiniani2Padova 35128Italy

Myocarditis is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration into the myocardium and a high risk of deteriorating cardiac function with a heterogeneous etiology. Both viral- and myosin-induced myocarditis experimental models are used to mimic myocarditis in humans. Here, coxsackie virus B3-induced and non-virus-induced myocarditis models and data obtained in clinical studies were reviewed. Experimental murine myocarditis following immunization with α-myosin together with complete Freund adjuvant represents the classical immune-mediated model. T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 pathways and important cytokines are involved in the autoimmunity of myocarditis, and the dynamic balance between Th17 and regulatory T cell seems to have an important role in the process of myocarditis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying myocarditis and exploring gaps in knowledge in both animal and human studies, since these mechanistic insights are a critical requirement for the development of novel therapeutic and vaccination strategies.

关键词： Myocarditis Immunity T cells Animal models Clinical study

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Locoregional therapy and systemic cetuximab to treat colorectal liver metastases

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第6期7卷 47-54页

作者： Giammaria Fiorentini Camillo Aliberti Donatella Sarti Paolo Coschiera Massimo Tilli Luca Mulazzani Paolo giordani Francesco Graziano Alfonso Marqués Gonzalez Raul García Marcos Fernando Gómez Mugnoz Maurizio Cantore Stefano Ricci Vincenzo Catalano andrea Mambrini Oncology Unit Azienda Ospedaliera "Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord"San Salvatore Hospital Oncology Radiodiagnostics Oncology Institute of VenetoInstitute for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (IRCC) Diagnostics for Images Unit and Interventional Radiology Azienda Ospedaliera "Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord" Diagnostics for Images and Interventional Radiology Azienda USL of FerraraDelta Hospital Unit of Anestesiology La Fe University Hospital and Polytechnic Medical Imaging and Interventional and Vascular Radiology La Fe University Hospital and Polytechnic Medical Imaging Center (CDIC) Provincial Clinic Hospital Oncology Unit Azienda Ospedaliera "Carlo Poma" Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology INRCA Hospital-IRCCS Oncology Unit Carrara General Hospital

AIM: To investigate efficacy and safety of second-line treatment with irinotecan-loaded drug-eluting beads(DEBIRI) and cetuximab(DEBIRITUX) of unresectable colorectal liver ***: Patients with the following characteristics were included in the study: unresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma(CRC-LM), progression after first line chemotherapy(any type of chemotherapeutic drug and combination was allowed), second line treatment(mandatory), which included for each patient(unregarding the KRas status) two cycles of DEBIRI(using 100-300 μm beads loaded with irinotecan at a total dose 200 mg) followed by 12 cycles of cetuximab that was administered weekly at a first dose of 400 mg/m2 and then 250 mg/m2; good performance status(0-2) and liver functionality(alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase not exceeding three times the upper limit of normal, total bilirubin not exceeding 2.5 mg/m L). Data were collected retrospectively and included: tumor response(evaluated monthly for 6 mo then every 3 mo), overall response rate(ORR), KRas status, type and intensity of adverse events(G according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0, CTCAE), overall survival(OS) and progression free survival(PFS).RESULTS: Forty consecutive cases of CRC hepatic metastases were included in the study. Median duration of DEBIRITUX was 4.4 mo(range, 4.0-6.5). Sixteen patients(40%) received the planned 2 cycles of DEBIRI and an average of 10 cetuximab cycles. ORR of the whole sample was 50%, in particular 4 patients were complete responders(10%) and 16(40%) partial responders. The most observed side effects(G2) were: post-embolization syndrome(30%), diarrhea(25%), skin rushes(38%) and asthenia(35%). The retrospective evaluation of KRas status(24 wild type, 16 mutated) showed that the group of patients with wild type KRas had ORR significantly higher than mutant KRas. Median follow-up was 29 mo(8-48 range); median PFS was 9.8 mo and OS was

关键词： Cetuximab Irinotecan-loaded drug-elutingbeads Hepatic metastases Chemoembolization Colonrectal tumor Irinotecan

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Dose escalation of adalimumab as a strategy to overcome anti-drug antibodies:A case report of infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第38期29卷 5428-5434页

作者： silvana Ancona Sara Signa Chiara Longo Giuliana Cangemi Roberta Carfora Enrico Drago Alessandro La Rosa Marco Crocco andrea Chiaro Paolo Gandullia Serena Arrigo Dipartimento di Neuroscienze RiabilitazioneOftalmologiaGenetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili(DINOGMI)Universitàdegli Studi di GenovaGenova 16126Italy Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenova 16147Italy Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section Central Laboratory of AnalysisIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenova 16147Italy

BACKGROUND Treatment of infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease(io-IBD)is often challenging due to its aggressive disease course and failure of standard therapies with a need for *** loss of response is frequently caused by the production of anti-drug antibodies,a well-known problem in IBD patients on biologic *** present a case of io-IBD treated with therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)-guided high-dose anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy,in which dose escalation monitoring was used as a strategy to overcome anti-drug *** SUMMARY A 5-mo-old boy presented with a history of persistent hematochezia from the 10th d of life,as well as relapsing perianal abscess and growth ***,anemia,and elevated inflammatory markers were also *** assessment revealed skip lesions with deep colic ulcerations,inflammatory anal sub-stenosis,and deep fissures with persistent abscess.A diagnosis of io-IBD Crohn-like was *** patient was initially treated with oral steroids and *** the perianal abscess healed,adalimumab(ADA)was administered with concomitant gradual tapering of *** and biochemical steroid-free remission was achieved with good trough *** 3 mo,antibodies to ADA(ATA)were found with undetectable trough levels;therefore,we optimized the therapy schedule,first administering 10 mg weekly and subsequently up to 20 mg weekly(2.8 mg/kg/dose).After 2 mo of high-dose treatment,ATA disappeared,with concomitant high trough levels and stable clinical and biochemical remission of the *** TDM-guided high-dose ADA treatment as a monotherapy overcame ATA *** strategy could be a good alternative to combination therapy,especially in very young patients.

关键词： Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease Adalimumab Loss of response Dose escalation Anti-drug antibodies Case report

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Magnetically-coated silica nanospheres for dual-mode imaging at low ultrasound frequency

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World Journal of Radiology 2013年第11期5卷 411-420页

作者： Fernanda Chiriacò Giulia Soloperto Antonio Greco Francesco Conversano andrea Ragusa Luca Menichetti Sergio Casciaro Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (CNR-IFC) c/oCampus Ecotekne via per Monteroni National Research Council Istituto di Nanoscienze National Research Council Institute of Clinical Physiology

AIM: To experimentally investigate the acoustical behavior of different dual-mode nanosized contrast agents(NPCAs) for echographic medical imaging at low ultrasound(US) frequency. METHODS: We synthesized three different nanosized structures:(1) Pure silica nanospheres(SiNSs);(2) FePt-iron oxide(FePt-io)-coated SiNSs; and(3) iocoated SiNSs, employing three different diameter of SiNS-core(160, 330 and 660 nm). Tissue mimicking phantoms made of agarose gel solution containing 5 mg of different NPCAs in 2 mL-Eppendorf tubes, were insonified by a commercial echographic system at three different low US pulse values(2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 MHz). The raw radiofrequency signal, backscattered from each considered NPCA containing sample, has been processed in order to calculate the US average backscatter intensity and compare the acoustic behavior of the different NPCA types. RESULTS: The highest US contrast was exhibited by pure SiNSs; FePt-io-coated SiNSs acoustical behavior followed a similar trend of pure SiNSs with a slight difference in terms of brightness values. The acoustic response of the examined NPCAs resulted function of both SiNS diameter and US frequency. Specifically, higher US frequencies determined higher value of the backscatter for a given SiNS diameter. Frequencydependent enhancement was marked for pure SiNSs and became less remarkable for FePt-io-coated SiNSs, whereas io-coated SiNSs resulted almost unaffected by such frequency variations. Pure and FePt-io-coated SiNSs evidenced an image backscatter increasing with the diameter up to 330 nm. Conversely, among the types of NPCA tested, io-coated SiNSs showed the lowest acoustical response for each synthesized diameter and employed US frequency, although a diameter-dependent raising trend was evidenced. CONCLUSioN: The US characterization of magnetically covered SiNS shows that FePt-io, rather than io, was the best magnetic coating for realizing NPCAs suitable for dual mode imaging of deep organs, combining US and

关键词： Ultrasound Magnetic resonance Nanocomposite Dual-mode Imaging Contrast agent Diagnostic imaging

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