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Parenthood in Childbirth: Reports by Mothers and Fathers

Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2022年第2期10卷 27-36页

作者： Mariana de Gouvêa Matos andrea seixas magalhães Renata Mello Department of Psychology Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Nowadays childbirth care in Brazil is mainly guided by the technocratic model, with a high rate of unnecessary interventions that may cause iatrogenesis. Emotional aspects inherent to birth tend to be disregarded in this scenario, which produces risks for the psychological health of the mother, father, and baby. The aim of this study was to look into the subjective experiences of fathers and mothers regarding childbirth in contemporary Brazil. For this purpose, a collective case study was carried out in which 30 birth reports published on personal blogs were analyzed, 15 written by women and 15 by men. The results pointed to the helplessness experienced by fathers and mothers in the face of technocratic care which may sometimes be violent, and to the idealization of health care professionals who work according to the humanized paradigm. The choice of the mode of delivery often appeared in the subjects’ discourse, denoting a scenario in which caesarean section is understood as a consumer good. Respect for the temporality of childbirth was considered essential to ensure that giving birth is not experienced in a traumatic way, and pain was reported as a central element to elaborate the symbolic death intrinsic to the process of parenthood appropriation. The lack of support from the environment seems to be a constitutive factor in the experience of obstetric violence and the writing of birth reports a resource to reinterpret this traumatic experience. We came to the conclusion that it is extremely important that the professional team be trained to understand the emotional aspects present in the childbirth experience, with interdisciplinary exchanges being a powerful resource to provide good quality of care for the parental couple.

关键词： Childbirth Humanization Obstetric Violence Parenthood Maternal Child Health

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Differential expression of apoptosis related proteins and nitric oxide synthases in Epstein Barr associated gastric carcinomas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第31期12卷 4959-4965页

作者： Maria D Begnami Andre L Montagnini Andre L Vettore Sueli Nonogaki Mariana Brait Alex Y Simoes-Sato andrea Q A seixas Fernando A Soares Department of PathologyHospital do C(a|^)ncer A C Camargo S(a|~)o PauloSPBrazil Department of Abdominal SurgeryHospital do C(a|^)ncer A C Camargo S(a|~)o PauloSPBrazil Ludwig Institute for Cancer ResearchS(a|~)o Paulo SPBrazil

AIM： To determine the incidence of Epstein Barr virus associated gastric carcinoma （GC） in Brazil and compare the expressions of apoptosis related proteins and nitric oxide synthases between EBV positive and negative gastric carcinoma. METHODS： In situ hybridization of EBV-encoded small RNA-1 （EBER-1） and PCR was performed to identify the presence of EBV in GCs. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify expressions of bcl-2, bcl-xl, bak, bax, p53, NOS-1, NOS-2, and NOS-3 proteins in 25 EBV positive GCs and in 103 EBV negative GCS. ResULTS： 12% of the cases of GC （25/208） showed EBER-1 and EBNA-1 expression. The cases were preferentially of diffuse type with intense lymphoid infiltrate in the stroma. EBV associated GCs showed higher expression of bcl-2 protein and lower expression of bak protein than in EBV negative GCs. Indeed, expressions of NOS-1 and NOS-3 were frequently observed in EBV associated GCs. CONCLUSION： Our data suggest that EBV infection may protect tumor cells from apoptosis, giving them the capacity for permanent cell cycling and proliferation. In addition, EBV positive GCs show high expression of constitutive NOS that could influence tumor progression and aggressiveness.

关键词： Gastric carcinoma EBV Apoptosis p53 Nitric oxide synthases

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