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Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the optical properties and radiative effects of urban brown carbon aerosol

Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 291-301页

作者： Yong Zhang Qiyuan Wang Jie Tian Yu Li huikun Liu Weikang Ran Yongming han andrés.h.prévot Junji Cao state Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China CAs Center for Excellence in Quaternary science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research station Xi’an 710061China Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute(PSI)Villigen 5232Switzerland

Intensive measurements were conducted in Xi’an,China before and during a COVID-19 lockdown period to investigate how changes in anthropogenic emissions affected the optical properties and radiative effects of brown carbon(BrC)*** contribution of BrC to total aerosol light absorption during the lockdown(13%-49%)was higher compared with the normal period(4%-29%).Mass absorption cross-sections(MACs)of specific organic aerosol(OA)factors were calculated from a ridge regression *** the primary OA(POA),coal combustion OA(CCOA)had the largest MACs at all tested wave-lengths during both periods due to high molecular-weight BrC chromophores;that was followed by biomass burning OA(BBOA)and hydrocarbon-like OA(hOA).For secondary OA(sOA),the MACs of the lessoxidized oxygenated OA(OOA)species(LO-OOA)atλ=370-590 nm were higher than those of more-oxidized OOA(MO-OOA)during both periods,presumably due to chromophore *** largest contributor to BrC absorption at the short wavelengths was CCOA during both periods,but BrC absorption by LO-OOA and MO-OOA became dominant at longer wavelengths during the *** estimated radiation forcing efficiency of BrC over 370-600 nm increased from 37.5 W·gduring the normal period to 50.2 W·gduring the lockdown,and that enhancement was mainly caused by higher MACs for both LO-OOA and *** study provides insights into the optical properties and radiative effects of source-specific BrC aerosol when pollution emissions are reduced.

关键词： COVID-19 Brown carbon Mass absorption cross-section Radiative effects

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segmented trust assessment in autonomous vehicles via eye-tracking

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2024年第2期7卷 151-161页

作者： Miklós Lukovics szabolcs prónay Barbara Nagy Faculty of Economics and Business Administration University of SzegedSzeged H-6726Hungary

previous studies have identified trust as one of the key factors in the technology acceptance of autonomousvehicles. As these studies mostly investigated the population in general, little is known about segment-specific ***, the widely used survey methods are less able to capture the deeper forms of trust—which neuroscientificmethods are much better suited to capture. The main objective of our research is to study trust as one of the key factors oftechnology acceptance related to autonomous vehicles by using neuroscientific methods for specific consumer ***-time eye-tracking tests were applied to a sample of 113 participants, combined with a posttest self-report. The testswere carried out under laboratory conditions during which our subjects watched videos recorded with the internal camerasof autonomous vehicles. Based on the fixation count, total fixation duration, and pupil dilation, we empirically verified thatthe trust level of all five identified segments is relatively low, while the trust level of the “traditional rejecting” segment is thelowest. An increase in trust level can be shown if the subjects receive extra information about the journey. Anotherimportant finding is that the self-reported trust level is not always congruent with the eye-tracking analysis results;therefore,combined approaches can lead to greater measurement validity.

关键词： autonomous vehicles(AVs) technology acceptance trust eye-tracking

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Blockade of Rho-associated kinase prevents inhibition of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves induced by anti-ganglioside antibodies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 895-899页

作者： andrés Berardo Cristian R.Bacaglio Bárbara B.Báez Rubén sambuelli Kazim A.sheikh Pablo h.h.Lopez Laboratorio de Neurobiología Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra(INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Departamento de Química Biológica-Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba(CIQUIBIC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET) Facultad de Cs.QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba servicio de Anatomía Patológica Clínica Universitaria Reina FabiolaUniversidad Católica de Córdoba Department of Neurology University of Texas Medical School at Houston

Anti-ganglioside antibodies are associated with delayed/poor clinical recovery in Guillain-Barrèsyndrome,mostly related to halted axon ***-linking of cell surface gangliosides by anti-ganglioside antibodies triggers inhibition of nerve repair in in vitro and in vivo paradigms of axon *** effects involve the activation of the small GTPase Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways,which negatively modulate growth cone cytoskeleton,similarly to well stablished inhibitors of axon regeneration described so *** aim of this work was to perform a proof of concept study to demonstrate the effectiveness of Y-27632,a selective pharmacological inhibitor of ROCK,in a mouse model of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves,where the passive immunization with a monoclonal antibody targeting gangliosides GD1a and GT1b was previously reported to exert a potent inhibitory effect on regeneration of both myelinated and unmyelinated *** results demonstrate a differential sensitivity of myelinated and unmyelinated axons to the pro-regenerative effect of *** with a total dosage of 9 mg/kg of Y-27632 resulted in a complete prevention of anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody-mediated inhibition of axon regeneration of unmyelinated fibers to skin and the functional recovery of mechanical cutaneous *** contrast,the same dose showed toxic effects on the regeneration of myelinated ***,scale down of the dosage of Y-27632 to 5 mg/kg resulted in a significant although not complete recovery of regenerated myelinated axons exposed to anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody in the absence of toxicity in animals exposed to only ***,these findings confirm the in vivo participation of Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways in the molecular mechanisms associated with the inhibition of axon regeneration induced by anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal *** findings open the possibility of therapeutic pharmacological intervention targeting Rho A/R

关键词： anti-ganglioside antibodies anti-glycan antibodies axon regeneration ganglioside Guillain-Barrésyndrome nerve repair ROCK Y-27632

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hard life for sons in the nest?sex-dependent offspring mortality in Great Tits in urban and forest areas

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 91-97页

作者： Nora Agh henriett Anna Dalvári Krisztián szabó Ivett Pipoly andrás Liker hUN-REN-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group University of PannoniaH-8200VeszpremPf.1158.Hungary Behavioral Ecology Research Group Center for Natural SciencesUniversity of PannoniaH-8200Pf.1158.VeszpremHungary Molecular Ecology Research Group Department of EcologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine BudapestH-1400Pf.2.BudapestHungary synlab hungary Ltd. H-1211Weiss Manfr´ed Str.5-7BudapestHungary

sex-biased mortality can occur in birds during development,for example due to sexual differences in energy requirement and/or environmental sensitivity,or the effects of sex hormones or sex differences in the expression of mutations linked to sex *** extent of sex-bias in mortality may also be related to environmental conditions that influence offspring development and *** areas often provide poorer conditions for nestling development resulting in higher offspring mortality compared to natural areas,which may accelerate sex differences in offspring mortality in *** test this hypothesis,we examined the sex ratio of dead offspring in Great Tits(Parus major),using 427 samples of unhatched eggs and dead nestlings collected in two urban and two forest sites between 2013 and *** ratio of males in the whole sample of dead offspring(56.9%)was significantly higher than expected by an 1:1 ratio,and the strongest sex biases were detected in urban areas(57.6%males)and in young nestlings(s old,59.0%males).however,the sex ratios of dead offspring did not differ significantly among study sites and between offspring developmental stages.29.3%of unhatched eggs contained a visible embryo,and the proportion of embryo-containing unhatched eggs did not differ significantly between urban and forest study *** results suggest male-biased offspring mortality in Great Tits,and highlight the need of large datasets to detect subtle differences between habitats and developmental stages.

关键词： Great Tit Urbanization Nestling mortality sex related differences

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Towards efficient strain engineering of 2D materials:A four-points bending approach for compressive strain

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5317-5325页

作者： hao Li Félix Carrascoso Ana Borrás Gloria P.Moreno Francisco J.Aparicio Ángel Barranco andrés Castellanos Gómez Campus de Cantoblanco Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridC.Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz328049 MadridSpain Nanotechnology on surfaces and Plasma Lab Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla(CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla).C/Americo Vespucio 49E-41092 SevilleSpain Departamento de Física Aplicada I Escuela Politécnica SuperiorUniversidad de Sevillac/Virgen deÁfrica 7E-41011 SevilleSpain

strain engineering,as a powerful strategy to tune the optical and electrical properties of two-dimensional(2D)materials by deforming their crystal lattice,has attracted significant interest in recent years.2D materials can sustain ultra-high strains,even up to 10%,due to the lack of dangling bonds on their surface,making them ideal brittle *** remarkable mechanical resilience,together with a strong strain-tunable band structure,endows 2D materials with a broad optical and electrical response upon ***,strain engineering based on 2D materials is restricted by their nanoscale and strain quantification *** this study,we have modified a homebuilt three-points bending apparatus to transform it into a four-points bending apparatus that allows for the application of both compressive and tensile strains on 2D *** approach allows for the efficient and reproducible construction of a strain system and minimizes the buckling effect caused by the van der Waals interaction by adamantane encapsulation *** results demonstrate the feasibility of introducing compressive strain on 2D materials and the potential for tuning their optical and physical properties through this approach.

关键词： uniaxial compressive strain polymer encapsulation differential reflectance spectroscopy exciton tunability

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Cascade Catalysts Based on Colloidal Engineering

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CCs Chemistry 2024年第9期6卷 2150-2161页

作者： Chen Chen Chin Ken Wong hui Chen Nicole Janoszka Giada Quintieri andréh.Gröschel school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University200240 Shanghai school of Chemistry University of New South Wales(UNSW)SydneySydney NSW 2052 Physical Chemistry and Center for soft Nanoscience University of MünsterCorrensstraße 28-3048149 Münster

We see significant progress in the preparation of nanoreactors that host incompatible catalysts for cascade reactions,yet their preparation typically requires specialized,multistep synthetic ***,we utilize core-satellite microparticles as a versatile strategy for the site isolation of catalysts in core and *** core-satellite clusters are prepared by mixing specific amounts of negatively charged core microparticles(e.g.,acid catalyst)with positively charged satellites(e.g.,base catalyst).Core and satellite are made from incompatible polymers allowing solvent-annealing of clusters into different morphologies(raspberry,patchy,and core-shell)while maintaining site isolation of the *** core-satellite microparticles show very good catalytic activity in a model one-pot acid/base cascade reaction with subtle differences regarding particle *** microparticles thereby demonstrated the highest reaction rate and yield,likely due to an alleviated diffusion pathway for the ***,we show that this colloidal engineering strategy can be extended to multifunctional microparticles suitable to perform multistep cascade reactions in one pot.

关键词： cascade catalysts compartmentalization colloidal engineering emulsion polymerization multifunctional particles

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Carbon stock estimation in halophytic wooded savannas of Uruguay:An ecosystem approach

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 580-589页

作者： andres Baietto andres hirigoyen Carolina Toranza Franco schinato Maximiliano Gonzalez Rafael Navarro Cerrillo Forest Department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the RepublicMontevideoPO 12900Uruguay National Research program of Forest production National Agriculture Research InstituteTacuaremboPO 97000Uruguay soil and Water Department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the RepublicMontevideoPO 12900Uruguay Department of Forestry Engineering University of CordobaCordobaPO 14014Spain

savannas constitute a mixture of trees and shrub patches with a more continuous herbaceous *** contribution of this biome to the soil organic carbon(sOC)and above-ground biomass(AGB)carbon(C)stock globally is ***,they are frequently subjected to land use changes,promoting increases in CO_(2) *** Uruguay,subtropical wooded savannas cover around 100,000 ha,of which approximately 28%is circumscribed to sodic soils(i.e.,subtropical halophytic wooded savannas).Nevertheless,there is little background about the contribution of each ecosystem component to the C stock as well as site-specific allometric *** study was conducted in 5 ha of subtropical halophytic wooded savannas of the national protected area Esteros y Algarrobales del Rio *** work aimed to estimate the contribution of the main ecosystem components(e.g.,soil,trees,shrubs,and herbaceous plants)to the C ***-specific allometric equations for the most frequent tree species and shrub genus were fitted based on basal diameter(BD)and total height(h).The fitted equations accounted for between 77%and 98%of the aerial biomass variance of Netuma affinis and Vachellia *** shrubs(Baccharis sp.),the adjusted equation accounted for 86%of total aerial biomass.C stock for the entire system was 116.71±11.07 Mg·ha^(-1),of which 90.7%was allocated in the soil,8.3%in the trees,0.8%in the herbaceous plants,and 0.2%in the *** results highlight the importance of subtropical halophytic wooded savannas as C sinks and their relevance in the mitigation of global warming under a climate change scenario.

关键词： Carbon stock Climate change Biomass modeling sodic soils

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Optimizing Average Electric Power During the Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries Through the Taguchi Method

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2024年第2期30卷 152-166页

作者： Mohd h.s.Alrashdan Department of Electrical Engineering Al-Hussein Bin Talal UniversityMaan 71110Jordan

In recent times, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used owing to their high energy density, extended cycle lifespan, and minimal self-discharge rate. The design of high-speed rechargeable lithium-ion batteries faces a significant challenge owing to the need to increase average electric power during charging. This challenge results from the direct influence of the power level on the rate of chemical reactions occurring in the battery electrodes. In this study, the Taguchi optimization method was used to enhance the average electric power during the charging process of lithium-ion batteries. The Taguchi technique is a statistical strategy that facilitates the systematic and efficient evaluation of numerous experimental variables. The proposed method involved varying seven input factors, including positive electrode thickness, positive electrode material, positive electrode active material volume fraction, negative electrode active material volume fraction, separator thickness, positive current collector thickness, and negative current collector thickness. Three levels were assigned to each control factor to identify the optimal conditions and maximize the average electric power during charging. Moreover, a variance assessment analysis was conducted to validate the results obtained from the Taguchi analysis. The results revealed that the Taguchi method was an eff ective approach for optimizing the average electric power during the charging of lithium-ion batteries. This indicates that the positive electrode material, followed by the separator thickness and the negative electrode active material volume fraction, was key factors significantly infl uencing the average electric power during the charging of lithium-ion batteries response. The identification of optimal conditions resulted in the improved performance of lithium-ion batteries, extending their potential in various applications. Particularly, lithium-ion batteries with average electric power of 16 W and 17

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries Average electric power during charging Taguchi method COMsOL Multiphysics software C rate L27 orthogonal array

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Multinuclear MR and MRI study of lithium-ion cells using a variable field magnet and a fixed frequency RF probe

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2024年第1期4卷 10-20页

作者： andrés Ramírez Aguilera Florin Marica Kevin J.sanders Md Al Raihan C.Adam Dyker Gillian R.Goward Bruce *** UNB MRI Centre Department of PhysicsUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada Department of Chemistry McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4L8Canada Department of Chemistry University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada

An exploratory multinuclear magnetic resonance(MR)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)study was performed on lithium-ion battery cells with ^(7)Li,^(19)F,and ^(1)h measurements.A variable field superconducting magnet with a fixed frequency parallel-plate radiofrequency(RF)probe was employed in the *** magnetic field was changed to set the resonance frequency of each nucleus to the fixed RF probe frequency of 33.7 *** cartridge-like lithium-ion cells,with graphite anodes and LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.3)Co_(0.2)O_(2)(NMC)cathodes,were *** cell was pristine,and one was charged to a cell voltage of 4.2 *** results presented demonstrate the great potential of the variable field magnet approach in multinuclear measurement of lithium-ion *** methods open the door for developing faster and simpler methods for detecting,quantifying,and interpreting MR and MRI data from lithium-ion and other batteries.

关键词： Multinuclear MR/MRI Variable field magnet Lithium-ion battery Parallel-plate rf probe

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Effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1621-1635页

作者： Armand Csontos Alíz Fazekas Lajos szakó Nelli Farkas Csenge Papp szilárd Ferenczi szabolcs Bellyei Péter hegyi andrás Papp Department of surgery University of PécsMedical SchoolClinical CenterPécs H-7624BaranyaHungary Institute of Bioanalysis University of PécsMedical SchoolPécs H-7624BaranyaHungary Institute for Translational Medicine University of PécsMedical SchoolPécs H-7624BaranyaHungary Department of Emergency Medicine Clinical CenterUniversity of PécsMedical SchoolPécs 7624BaranyaHungary Department of Oncotherapy University of PécsMedical SchoolClinical CenterPécs H-7624BaranyaHungary Centre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis UniversityBudapest 1085Hungary Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Semmelweis UniversityBudapest H-1083Hungary

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant therapy is an essential modality for reducing the clinical stage of esophageal cancer;however,the superiority of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(nCT)or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(nCRT)is ***,a discussion of these two modalities is *** To investigate the benefits and complications of neoadjuvant *** To address this concern,predefined criteria were established using the PICO *** independent authors performed comprehensive searches using predetermined *** analyses were performed to identify significant differences between *** publication bias was visualized using funnel *** quality of the data was evaluated using the Risk of Bias Tool 2(RoB2)and the GRADE *** Ten articles,including 1928 patients,were included for the *** difference was detected in pathological complete response(pCR)[Ps ratio(OR):0.27;95%CI:0.16-0.46],30-d mortality(P=0.015;OR:0.4;95%CI:0.22-0.71)favoring the nCRT,and renal failure(P=0.039;OR:1.04;95%CI:0.66-1.64)favoring the *** significant differences were observed in terms of survival,local or distal recurrence,or other clinical or surgical *** result of RoB2 was moderate,and that of the GRADE approach was low or very low in almost all *** Although nCRT may have a higher pCR rate,it does not translate to greater long-term ***,nCRT is associated with higher 30-d mortality,although the specific cause for postoperative complications could not be *** the case of nCT,toxic side effects are suspected,which can reduce the quality of *** the quality of available studies,further randomized trials are required.

关键词： Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Chemoradiotherapy Esophageal cancer Adenocarcinoma

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