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Bayesian network model to distinguish between intentional attacks and accidental technical failures:a case study of floodgates

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Cybersecurity 2021年第1期4卷 442-460页

作者： Sabarathinam Chockalingam Wolter Pieters andréteixeira Pieter van Gelder Faculty of Technology Policy and ManagementDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands Department of Risk Safety and SecurityInstitute for Energy TechnologyHaldenNorway Behavioural Science Institute Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Electrical Engineering Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

Water management infrastructures such as floodgates are critical and increasingly operated by Industrial Control Systems(ICS).These systems are becoming more connected to the internet,either directly or through the corporate *** makes them vulnerable to *** behaviour in floodgates operated by ICS could be caused by both(intentional)attacks and(accidental)technical *** operators notice abnormal behaviour,they should be able to distinguish between those two causes to take appropriate measures,because for example replacing a sensor in case of intentional incorrect sensor measurements would be ineffective and would not block corresponding the attack *** the previous work,we developed the attack-failure distinguisher framework for constructing Bayesian Network(BN)models to enable operators to distinguish between those two causes,including the knowledge elicitation method to construct the directed acyclic graph and conditional probability tables of BN *** a full case study of the attack-failure distinguisher framework,this paper presents a BN model constructed to distinguish between attacks and technical failures for the problem of incorrect sensor measurements in floodgates,addressing the problem of floodgate *** utilised experts who associate themselves with the safety and/or security community to construct the BN model and validate the qualitative part of constructed BN *** constructed BN model is usable in water management infrastructures to distinguish between intentional attacks and accidental technical failures in case of incorrect sensor *** could help to decide on appropriate response strategies and avoid further complications in case of incorrect sensor measurements.

关键词： Bayesian network DeMorgan model Intentional attack Probability elicitation Safety Security Technical failure Water management

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Decomposition and stabilization of organic matter in an old-growth tropical riparian forest:effects of soil properties and vegetation structure

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第1期8卷 173-181页

作者： Pedro Henrique de Godoy Fernandes andréa Lúcia teixeira de Souza Marcel Okamoto Tanaka Renata Sebastiani Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences Federal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSPBrazil Department of Environmental Sciences(DCAm) Federal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSPBrazil Department of Nature Mathematicsand Education SciencesFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSPBrazil

Background:Nutrient cycling in tropical forests has a large importance for primary productivity,and decomposition of litterfall is a major process influencing nutrient balance in forest *** large-scale factors strongly influence decomposition patterns,small-scale factors can have major influences,especially in old-growth forests that have high structural complexity and strong plant-soil *** we evaluated the effects of forest structure and soil properties on decomposition rates and stabilization of soil organic matter using the Tea Bag Index(TBI)in an old-growth riparian forest in southeastern *** data sets were described separately using Principal Components Analysis(PCA).The main axes for each analysis,together with soil physical properties(clay content and soil moisture),were used to construct structural equations models that evaluated the different parameters of the TBI,decomposition rates and stabilization *** best model was selected using Akaike’s ***:Forest structure and soil physical and chemical properties presented large variation among plots within the studied *** content was strongly correlated with soil moisture and the first PCA axis of soil chemical properties,and model selection indicated that clay content was a better predictor than this *** rates presented a large variation among tea bags(0.009 and 0.098 g·g^(−1)·d−1)and were positively related with forest structure,as characterized by higher basal area,tree density and larger *** stabilization factor varied between 0.211–0.426 and was related to forest stratification and soil clay ***:The old-growth forest studied presented high heterogeneity in both forest structure and soil properties at small spatial scales,that influenced decomposition processes and probably contributed to small-scale variation in nutrient *** rates were only influenced by forest structure,whereas the stabilizat

关键词： Tea bag index Forest structure Carbon fixation Nutrient cycling

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Do Cytokines Play a Role in Predicting Some Features and Outcome in Infective Endocarditis?

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2013年第2期3卷 115-119页

作者： Maria Carmo Pereira Nunes Izabella Rodrigues de Araújo andréa teixeira de Carvalho Letícia Alves andrade Marcio Henrique Lima Resende José Luiz Padilha da Silva Teresa Cristina Abreu Ferrari Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Clínica Médica Belo Horizonte Brazil

Objective: This study aimed to measure the serum concentrations of several cytokines in patients with infective endocarditis (IE), and correlate them with the C-reactive protein serum levels, echocardiographic findings and infecting microorganisms. Methods: Forty-five patients with definite IE according to the Duke’s criteria were included in the study. Ten healthy blood donors formed the control group. Serum levels of interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured and compared between the groups, and also with some clinical and laboratory parameters of IE. Results: Patients with IE had significantly higher serum concentrations of the inflammatory mediators than the control patients. Median IL-12 and IL-1β levels were higher in staphylococcal than streptococcal IE. Except for TNF-α, the levels of all the other cytokines correlated with the C-reactive protein concentrations. In multivariate analysis, IL-10 and IL-12 serum levels remained as independent factors associated with the C-reactive protein concentrations. There was a significant correlation between IL-10 concentration and vegetation length. Conclusion: The inflammatory serum cytokines levels were elevated in IE in comparison to healthy controls. C-reactive protein concentrations correlated with cytokines levels. IL-1β and IL-12 serum concentrations were higher in staphylococcal when compared to streptococcal IE. IL-10 levels were associated with vegetation size.

关键词： Infective Endocarditis Inflammatory Cytokines C-Reactive Protein

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CXCL9 and CXCL10 display an agedependent profile in Chagas patients:a cohort study of aging in Bambui,Brazil

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 132-132页

作者： Fernanda Fortes de Araújo Karen Cecília Lima Torres Sérgio Viana Peixoto Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro Juliana Vaz Melo Mambrini Vitor Bortolo Rezende Maria Luiza Lima Silva Antônio Ignácio Loyola Filho andréa teixeira-Carvalho Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa Olindo Assis Martins-Filho Integrated Research Group in Biomarkers Rene Rachou InstituteOswaldo Cruz FoundationAvenida Augusto de Lima1715–Barro Preto–Belo HorizonteMinas Gerais 30190-002Brazil 不详

Background:Chagas disease is endemic in Latin America and still represents an important public health problem in the *** cardiomyopathy is the most significant chronic form due to its association with morbidity and *** last decade has seen increasing evidence that inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are responsible for the generation of inflammatory infiltrate and tissue damage,with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy patients presenting a pro-inflammatory immune *** studies have evaluated the role of chemokines in experimental *** infection,few have addressed their systemic profile,especially for human infection and in aging *** present work aimed to use the data from a large population based study of older adults,conducted in an endemic area for Chagas disease,to examine the association between serum levels of cytokines and chemokines,*** infection and electrocardiogram(ECG)***:The present work evaluated serum levels of CCL2,CXCL9,CXCL10,CCL5,CXCL8,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF,IL-12 and IL-10 by Flow Cytometric Bead Array assay(CBA)and the results expressed in pg/*** baseline survey started in January 1st 1997,with 1284 participants of an aged population-based *** signed an informed consent at baseline and at each subsequent visit and authorized death certificate and medical records ***:Our results demonstrated that Chagas disease patients had higher serum levels of CXCL9,CXCL10 and IL-1βand lower serum levels of CCL5 than non-infected ***,our data demonstrated that CXCL9 and CXCL10 increased in an age-dependent profile in Chagas disease ***:Together,this study provided evidences that serum biomarkers increase along the age continuum and may have potential implications for establishing clinical management protocols and therapeutic intervention in Chagas disease patients.

关键词： Chagas disease Immune biomarkers Chemokines Cytokines Cohort

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Acute cholestatic hepatitis caused by amoxicillin/ clavulanate

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8789-8792页

作者： Daniel Oliveira Beraldo Joanderson Fernandes Melo Alexandre Vidal Bonfim andrei Alkmim teixeira Ricardo Alkmim teixeira andré Loyola Duarte Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Renascentista Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP Nephrology Department Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP Cardiology Department Cardiology Department Instituto do Cora o-FMUSP Pathology Department Hospital A.C.CamargoSo Paulo

Amoxicillin/clavulanate is a synthetic penicillin that is currently commonly used,especially for the treatment of respiratory and cutaneous *** general,it is a well-tolerated oral ***,amoxicillin/clavulanate can cause adverse effects,mainly cutaneous,gastrointestinal,hepatic and hematologic,in some *** here is a case report of a 63-yearold male patient who developed cholestatic hepatitis after recent use of amoxicillin/*** 6 wk of prolonged use of the drug,he began to show signs of cholestatic icterus and developed severe hyperbilirubinemia(total bilirubin>300 mg/L).Diagnostic investigation was conducted by ultrasonography of the upper abdomen,serum tests for infection history,laboratory screening of autoimmune diseases,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)of the abdomen with bile duct-NMR and transcutaneous liver biopsy guided by *** duration of disease was approximately 4 mo,with complete resolution of symptoms and laboratory changes at the end of that time *** treatment was not instituted,only a combination of anti-emetic(metoclopramide)and cholestyramine for pruritus.

关键词： Hepatology Hepatitis Amoxicillin/Clavula-nate Drug reactions Hyperbilirubinemia

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Application of data science in the prediction of solar energy for the Amazon basin:a study case

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Clean Energy 2023年第6期7卷 1344-1355页

作者： andréLuis Ferreira Marques Márcio Joséteixeira Felipe Valencia de Almeida Pedro Luiz Pizzigatti Corrêa Polytechnic School of the University of Sao Paulo Av.Prof.Luciano Gualberto380-ButantaSao Paulo-SP05508-010Brazil Institute of Physics of the University of Sao Paulo Brazil

The need for renewable energy sources has challenged most countries to comply with environmental protection actions and to handle climate *** energy figures as a natural option,despite its *** has a green energy matrix with significant expansion of solar form in recent *** preserve the Amazon basin,the use of solar energy can help communities and cities improve their living standards without new hydroelectric units or even to burn biomass,avoiding harsh environmental *** novelty of this work is using data science with machine-learning tools to predict the solar incidence(W.h/m^(2))in four cities in Amazonas state(north-west Brazil),using data from NASA satellites within the period of ***-tree-based models and vector autoregressive(time-series)models were used with three time aggregations:day,week and *** predictor model can aid in the economic assessment of solar energy in the Amazon basin and the use of satellite data was encouraged by the lack of data from ground *** mean absolute error was selected as the output indicator,with the lowest values obtained close to 0.20,from the adaptive boosting and light gradient boosting algorithms,in the same order of magnitude of similar references.

关键词： solar energy renewable energy Amazon basin machine learning time series data science decision-trees ensemble vector autoregression

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Touristic urbanization and greening of coastal dune fields:A long-term assessment of a temperate sandy barrier of Argentina

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第1期 206-230页

作者： GARZO Pedro andrés DADON José Roberto ISLA Federico Ignacio Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC-CONICET/UNMDP) Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario Dr.Enrique J.Schnack (IGCC-CIC/UNMDP) Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Arquitectura Dise?o y Urbanismo Centro de Investigaciones Gestión de Espacios Costeros (GEC-FADU/UBA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)

Dune barrier systems represent highly sought-after coastal landscapes for tourism and urban development around the world. However, a century ago, they were considered hazardous environments due to their great dynamic nature. As a result, stabilization practices were considered necessary. The systematic introduction of fast-growing exotic trees helped stabilize the sand, making it easier for tourism urbanization to take place, but also leading to erosion processes. This paper aims to assess long-term changes in vegetation cover over a large temperate barrier in Argentina. This complex region includes urban resorts, afforestation zones, and protected areas. A GIS-based geospatial analysis was conducted using a large satellite database(> 350 images), and the future evolution of the vegetation was modeled. The results revealed two primary spatiotemporal patterns associated with a gradual expansion of vegetation cover, accompanied by a concurrent reduction in sandy areas. In 1986, the dune area comprised 75% more surface than vegetation, whereas in 2021, it represented 60% less than vegetation. Furthermore, the 2050 scenario suggests a potential 40% reduction of dunes in certain areas. It is necessary to enhance management actions aimed at maintaining dune mobility and ensuring local and regional sediment balance. Long-term management strategies must focus on restoring native plant communities and controlling invasive species, and avoiding new dune fixation initiatives based on the introduction of exotic species.

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Evaluation of a cost effective technique for treating aquaculture water discharge using Lolium perenne Lam as a biofilter

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第9期19卷 1079-1085页

作者： NDUWIMANA andré College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China.

Wastewater stabilization ponds generate low cost by-products that are useful for agriculture. The utilization of these by-products for soil amendment and as a source of nutrients for plants requires a high level of sanitation and stabilization of the organic matter, to maintain acceptable levels of soil, water and air quality. In this study, two aquaculture wastewater treatment systems; recirculating system and a floating plant bed system were designed to improve the quality of irrigation water in local communities with low income. In both systems the grass species Lolium perenne Lam was used as a plant biofilter while vegetable specie Amaranthus viridis was used to evaluate the performance of the system and the suitability of the phyto-treated water for irrigation. It was found that the harmful material removal rate for recirculating system was 88.9% for TAN （total ammonia nitrogen）, 90% for NO2--N, 64.8% for NO3--N while for floating plant bed system 82.7% for TAN, 82% for NO2--N and 60.5% for NO3--N. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of waste element removal between the two systems revealed that both systems performed well, however, plant growth was not robust for floating plant bed system while recirculating system is energy consuming. Although both systems did not attain sufficient levels of TN （total nitrogen） and TP （total phosphorus） load reduction, the treatment with L. perenne remarkably improved the irrigation water quality. A. viridis plants irrigated with the phyto-treated discharge water had lesser concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues compared to those irrigated with untreated discharge. The control plants irrigated with untreated discharge were also found to be highly lignified with few stems and small leaves.

关键词： recirculating system float system plant filter Lolium perenne Lam Amaranthus viridis Burundi

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Numerical Study on the Effect of Submerged Depth on the Horizontal Plate Wave Energy Converter

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China Ocean Engineering 2014年第5期28卷 687-700页

作者： Flávio Medeiros SEIBT Eduardo Costa COUTO Elizaldo Domingues dos SANTOS Liércio andré ISOLDI Luiz Alberto Oliveira ROCHA Paulo Roberto de Freitas teixeira Graduate Program of Ocean Engineering Universidade Federal do Rio Grande96203-900 Rio Grande RS Brazil Mechanical Engineering Department Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul90050-170 Porto Alegre RS Brazil

The growing search for clean and renewable energy sources has given rise to the studies of exploring sea wave energy. This paper is concerned with the numerical evaluation of the main operational principle of a submerged plate employed for the conversion of wave energy into electrical one. The numerical model used to solve the conservation equations of mass, momentum and transport of volume fraction is based on the finite volume method （FVM）. In order to tackle with the flow of mixture of air-water and its interaction with the device, the multiphase model volume of fluid （VOF） is employed. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of a numerical model for improvement of the knowledge about the submerged plate wave energy converter, as well as the investigation of the effect of the distance from the plate to the bottom of the sea （HP） on the performance of the converter. The simulations for several distances of the plate from the seabed show that the optimal efficiency is 64%, which is obtained for HP=0.53 m （88% of the depth）. This efficiency is 17% larger than that found in the worst case （HP=0.46 m, 77% of the depth）.

关键词： numerical simulation submerged plate wave energy conversion efficiency

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Setpoint Feasibility and Stability of Wind Park Control Interactions at Weak Grids

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第6期10卷 1790-1796页

作者： Argüello andrés IEEE the School of Electrical Engi‐neering and Computation University of CampinasCampinasBrazil

The controllers of wind parks that are connected to weak grids can induce unstable oscillations near the fundamental *** phenomenon can be studied with equivalent impedances of the wind generators,which depend on their operational setpoints at the fundamental *** feasibility of such setpoint,i.e.,solution to the power flow,does not depend on the control ***,oscillations from unfeasible setpoints and control instabilities both occur at weak grids and near the fundamental *** letter presents an exploratory study to map the conditions where both phenomena occur,using sensitivity studies comprising multiple setpoints and control parameter *** results are visually presented as the regions which inform the configurations leading to unfeasible setpoints,and unstable control interaction *** the results,it can be observed that the trajectory of the eigenvalues in the Nyquist plots towards an unfeasible setpoint approaches a fundamental frequency instability.

关键词： Control interaction impedance power quality resonance stability wind generator

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