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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2002年第4期19卷 619-650页

作者： Chungu lu Paul Schultz and gerald l Browning NOAA Forecast Systems laboratory Boulder USA Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Colorado State University Fort Collins USA

A set of microphysics equations is scaled based on the convective length and velocity scales. Comparisons are made among the dynamical transport and various microphysical processes. From the scaling analysis, it becomes apparent which parameterized microphysical processes present off-scaled influences in the integration of the set of microphysics equations. The variabilities of the parameterized microphysical processes are also studied using the approach of a controlled parameter space. Given macroscopic dynamic and thermodynamic conditions in different regions of convective storms, it is possible to analyze and compare vertical profiles of these processes. Bulk diabatic heating profiles for a cumulus convective updraft and downdraft are also derived from this analysis. From the two different angles, the scale analysis and the controlled-parameter space approach can both provide an insight into and an understanding of microphysics parameterizations.

关键词： cloud microphysical parameterization scale analysis controlled parameter space numerical weather prediction

Removing ammonia from air with a constant pH, slightly acidic water spray wet scrubber using recycled scrubbing solution

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第6期10卷 159-168页

作者： Ahmad Kalbasi Ashtari Amir M. Samani Majd gerald l. Riskowski Saqib Mukhtar lingying Zhao Biological & Agricultural Engineering Deptartment Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA Deptartment of Food Agriculatral and Biological Engineering Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

Previous research on wet scrubbers has only studied highly acidic scrubbing solutions because of their high ammonia capture efficiencies; however, the high acidity created practical problems. lower acidity solutions would reduce corrosion, maintenance, and cost; however, designers may need to use strategies for increasing scrubber effectiveness, such as using lower air velocities. The objective of this studywas to determine if a spray scrubber with slightly acidic and higher p H scrubbing solution （pH from 2 to 8） could effectively remove NH3 from NH3 laden air （such as animal building exhaust air）, and also collect this valuable resource for rater use as a fertilizer. A bench-scale spray wet scrubber treated 20 ppmv NH3/air mixture in a countercurrent contact chamber. First, the solution pH was varied from 2 to 8while maintaining constant air velocity at 1.3 m. s-1. Next, air velocity was increased （2and 3 m.s-1） while solution pH remained constant at pH6. At 1.3 m.s -1, NH3 removal efficiencies ranged between 49.0% （pH8） and 84.3% （pH2）. This study has shown that slightly acidic scrubbing solutions are a practical means of removing ammonia from air especially if the scrubber is designed to increase collisions between solution droplets and NH3 molecules. The NH3 removed from the air was held in solution as NH4＋ and accumulates over time so the solution should be an excellent fertilizer.

关键词： Ammonia Spray wet scrubber Slightly acidic scrubbing solution Controlled pH Removal efficiency

Guest Editorial–Special issue on Ground Control in Mining

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第1期26卷 1-2页

作者： Michael M.Murphy gerald l.Finfinger Syd S.Peng National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.Division of Mining Research Operations PittsburghPA 15236-0070USA West Virginia University Morgantown 26506USA

Ground control is the science of studying and controlling the behavior of rock strata in response to mining *** control related research has made significant advancements over the last 35 years and these accomplishmen... 详细信息

关键词：地面控制采矿地编辑客户科学开采国际会议会议信息控制技术

The use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

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Asian Journal of Urology 2018年第1期5卷 28-32页

作者： Eric H.Kim John A.Brockman gerald l.Andriole Division of Urologic Surgery Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is characterized by an enlarged prostate,lower urinary tract symptoms(lUTS),and a decreased urinary flow *** in older men,BPH is a progressive disease that can eventually lead to complications including acute urinary retention(AUR)and the need for BPH-related *** normal and abnormal prostate growth is driven by the androgen dihydrotestosterone(DHT),which is formed from testosterone under the influence of 5-alpha ***,5-alpha reductase inhibitors(5-ARIs)effectively reduce the serum and intraprostatic concentration of DHT,causing an involution of prostate *** 5-ARIs are currently available for the treatment of BPHdfinasteride and *** have been demonstrated to decrease prostate volume,improve lUTS and urinary flow rates,which ultimately reduces the risk of AUR and BPH-related ***,either alone or in combination with other BPH medications,5-ARIs are a mainstay of BPH management.

关键词： Benign prostatic hyperplasia 5-alpha reductase inhibitors lower urinary tract symptoms

Guest editorial–Special issue on ground control in mining in 2016

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 1-1页

作者： gerald l.Finfinger Syd S.Peng National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Division of Mining Research OperationsPittsburghPA 15236-0070USA West Virginia University Morgantown 26506USA

In 1981 a Professor at West Virginia University recognized the need to establish a program for bringing together members of the mining community to share and discuss methods,technology and experiences related to groun... 详细信息

关键词：地面控制采矿作业编辑专题矿山弗吉尼亚国际会议监管机构

SPIN WAVE EXCITATIONS IN NON-FERROMAGNETIC METAlS AND THEIR ENHANCEMENT BY MEANS OF AN INTERFACIAl COUPlING WITH A THIN MAGNETIC FIlM

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SPIN WAVE EXCITATIONS IN NON-FERROMAGNETIC METALS AND THEIR ...

Climate-influenced vector-borne diseases in Africa: a call to empower the next generation of African researchers for sustainable solutions

The 2nd International Symposium on Physics of Magnetic Materials

作者： gerald l.Dunifer Dept.of Physics Wayne State UniversityDetroitMi 48202USA

＜正＞A brief summary is first given of various electromagnetic modes which propagate through the conduction electrons of non-ferromagnetic metals when they are cooled to low temperatures and subjected to strong magnetic *** emphasis will be given to the properties of spin-wave *** theoretical characteristics of the spin waves will be discussed in terms of the landau Fermi-liquid theory applied to the conduction *** observations of spin waves,using a microwave transmission technique in the alkali metals sodium and potassium,will be *** will be shown how a careful comparison of the observed lineshapes with the theory allows an accurate determination of the quantum mechanical exchange interaction,as expressed in terms of the first three spin-dependent landau Fermi-liquid parameters. Next,it will be shown how the application of a thin magnetic film to the surface of a non-magnetic metal,such as potassium,can enhance the coupling of the microwave fields to the spin-wave modes（of the non-magnetic metal） by at least a couple orders of *** enhancement is due to an interfacial coupling of the two magnetizations across the *** data will be presented displaying the interfacial coupling between potassium and a thin layer of *** degree of coupling was determined by the interaction between the Ferromagnetic Resonance of the permalloy and the Conduction Electron Spin Resonance of the potassium at a frequency of 12 GHz and temperature of 4.2 K. Finally,spin-wave data in the microwave transmission spectrum will be presented for a potassium plate having thin permalloy layers on both *** enhanced spin-wave amplitude will be discussed as well as the measured spin-wave dispersion relation,which can be followed to considerably higher wavevector than previously due to the enhanced amplitude.

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-10页

作者： Obame-Nkoghe Judica?l Agossou Adjoavi Esse Mboowa gerald Kamgang Basile Caminade Cyril Duke Dawn C. Githeko Andrew Karanja Ogega Obed M. Elloué Nestor Engone Sarr Fatou Bintou Nkoghe Dieudonné Kengne Pierre Ndam Nicaise T. Paupy Christophe Bockarie Moses Otomo Patricks Voua Molecular and Cellular Biology laboratory (labMC) Biology Department University of Science and Technology of Masuku BP Franceville Gabon Ecology and Health Research Unit Interdisciplinary Center for Medical Research of Franceville BP Franceville Gabon Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of the Free State Private Bag x13 Phuthaditjhaba Republic of South Africa laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved Traditional Medicines Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi BP Cotonou Benin The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences Infectious Diseases Institute College of Health Sciences Makerere University P. O Box Kampala Uganda Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention African Union Commission Roosevelt Street P.O. Box WKAddis Ababa Ethiopia Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases P.O. Box Yaoundé Cameroon Earth System Physics Department The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste Italy Africa Research Excellence Fund Charterhouse Street London EC1MHR UK Community Health Support Program P.O. Box Kisumu Kenya The African Academy of Sciences Nairobi Kenya Center for Phylosophical Studies and Research (CERP) Omar Bongo University (UOB) BP Libreville Gabon UMRED Health Training and Research Unit University of Iba Der Thiam of Thiès BP Thiès Senegal National Parasitic Diseases Control Program Ministry of Health Libreville Gabon MIVEGEC Univ. Montpellier CNRS IRD Montpellier France MERIT IRD Paris Cité University Paris France Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana LG Accra Ghana School of Community Health Sciences Njala University Bo Sierra Leone

We look at the link between climate change and vector-borne diseases in low- and middle-income countries in Africa. The large endemicity and escalating threat of diseases such as malaria and arboviral diseases, intensified by climate change, disproportionately affects vulnerable communities globally. We highlight the urgency of prioritizing research and development, advocating for robust scientific inquiry to promote adaptation strategies, and the vital role that the next generation of African research leaders will play in addressing these challenges. Despite significant challenges such as funding shortages within countries, various pan-African-oriented funding bodies such as the African Academy of Sciences, the Africa Research Excellence Fund, the Wellcome Trust, the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as well as initiatives such as the African Research Initiative for Scientific Excellence and the Pan-African Mosquito Control Association, have empowered (or are empowering) these researchers by supporting capacity building activities, including continental and global networking, skill development, mentoring, and African-led research. This article underscores the urgency of increased national investment in research, proposing the establishment of research government agencies to drive evidence-based interventions. Collaboration between governments and scientific communities, sustained by pan-African funding bodies, is crucial. Through these efforts, African nations are likely to enhance the resilience and adaptive capacity of their systems and communities by navigating these challenges effectively, fostering scientific excellence and implementing transformative solutions against climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases.

关键词： Climate change Vector-borne diseases Africa Environmental justice Research and development Pan-African funding initiatives

Heuristic Estimation of the Vacuum Energy Density of the Universe: Part II-Analysis Based on Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Radiation

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2024年第1期16卷 1-9页

作者： Vernon Cooray gerald Cooray Marcos Rubinstein Farhad Rachidi Department of Electrical Engineering Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden HEIG-VD University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Yverdon-les-Bains Switzerland Electromagnetic Compatibility laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland

In Part I of this paper, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density of the universe was derived using an indirect and heuristic procedure. The derivation is based on a proposed thought experiment, according to which an electron is accelerated to a constant and relativistic speed at a distance l from a perfectly conducting plane. The charge of the electron was represented by a spherical charge distribution located within the Compton wavelength of the electron. Subsequently, the electron is incident on the perfect conductor giving rise to transition radiation. The energy associated with the transition radiation depends on the parameter l. It was shown that an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density will emerge when the length l is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the product of the radiated energy, and the time duration of emission is constrained by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. In this paper, a similar analysis is conducted with a chain of electrons oscillating sinusoidally and located above a conducting plane. In the thought experiment presented in this paper, the behavior of the energy radiated by the chain of oscillating electrons is studied in the frequency domain as a function of the length l of the chain. It is shown that when the length l is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the energy radiated within a single burst of duration of half a period of oscillation is constrained by the fact that electromagnetic energy consists of photons, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density emerges as a result. The derived inequality is given by where is the vacuum energy density. This result is consistent with the measured value of the vacuum energy density, which is 5.38 × 10-10 J/m. The result obtained here is in better agreement with experimental data than the one obtained in Part I of this paper with time domain radiation.

关键词： Classical Electrodynamics Electromagnetic Radiation Action Radiated Energy Photon Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle Dark Energy Vacuum Energy Cosmological Constant Hubble Radius

Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine l.S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William l. Rooney gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M Agrilife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSl) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale l.) was planted following the incorporation of WSl treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSl) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSl treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata l. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSl tested. Decomposition rate of WSl biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum l. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum l.) were the most productive CSl in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green Manure Deer Browse Forage Cropping Systems

Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage (sICH) at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (CONGO)

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 23-38页

作者： Ekouele Mbaki Hugues Brieux Ngoma Niangui léocia Exaucée Diatewa Josué Euberma Boukaka Kala Rel gerald Ngackosso Olivier Brice Mpandzou Ghislain Armel Boukassa léon Ossou-Nguiet Paul Macaire Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Multipurpose Surgery Department University Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Neurology Department University Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH) is characterised by bleeding within the brain parenchyma, without any accompanying vascular malformation, parenchymal abnormality or coagulation disorder. The study aimed to depict the management of sICH at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (UHB). It was an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional analysis. Data collection was conducted retrospectively, covering the period from January 1, 2020 to August 31, 2022, spanning two years and eight months. The study examined socio-demographic, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary variables. We included 274 cases. We observed 160 men (58.4%) and 114 women (41.6%), resulting in a sex ratio of 1.4. The mean age was 55.3 ± 11.4 years, with ages ranging from 31 to 93 years. The detection of sICH was typically a result of experiencing motor deficits (59.5%) or disorders of consciousness (37.2%). The weightiness of one half of the body was the most common reason for seeking medical advice. Hematoma was capsulo-lenticular in 159 cases (58%) and capsulo-thalamic in 63 cases (23%). Hematomas were l in 162 cases (59.1%) and >30 ml in 112 cases (40.9%), and associated with hydrocephalus in 11.7% of cases. Conservative medical treatment was administered in 257 cases (94.2%) while surgical treatment was performed in 16 cases (5.8%). The surgical techniques used were external ventricular drainage (EVD) in 2 cases, ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in 5 cases, and hematoma evacuation in 10 cases. Death occurred before the 7th day of hospitalisation in 73 cases (57.8%) and after in 46 cases (42.2%). The median time to death was four days (Q1 = 2 days;Q3 = 7 days), with extremes of 0 and 216 days. .

关键词： Spontaneous Intracerebral haemorrhage Management Brazzaville