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Stable isotope analysis of diet confirms niche separation of two sympatric species of Namib Desert lizard

Integrative Zoology 2016年第1期11卷 60-75页

作者： Ian W.MURRAY Hilary M.LEASE Robyn S.HETEM Duncan MITCHELL andrea fuller Stephan WOODBORNE Brain Function Research Group School of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Biology Department Whitman CollegeWalla WallaWashingtonUSA iThemba Laboratories GautengSouth Africa Stable Isotope Laboratory Mammal Research InstituteDepartment of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

We used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to study the trophic niche of two species of insectivorous lizards,the Husab sand lizard Pedioplanis husabensis and Bradfield’s Namib day gecko living sympatrically in the Namib *** measured theδ13C andδ15N ratios in lizard blood tissues with different turnover times(whole blood,red blood cells and plasma)to investigate lizard diet in different *** also measured theδ13C andδ15N ratios in available arthropod prey and plant tissues on the site,to identify the avenues of nutrient movement between lizards and their *** the use of stable isotope mixing models,we found that the two lizard species relied on a largely non-overlapping but seasonally variable array of arthropods:*** primarily fed on termites,beetles and wasps,while *** fed mainly on ants,wasps and *** originating from C3 plants were proportionally higher for *** than for *** during autumn and late autumn/early winter,although not *** to the few available data estimating the trophic transfer of nutrients in ectotherms in mixed C3 and C4/crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM)plant landscapes,we found that our lizard species primarily acquired nutrients that originated from C4/CAM *** work adds an important dimension to the general lack of studies using stable isotope analyses to estimate lizard niche partitioning and resource use.

关键词： Namib Desert niche partitioning Pedioplanis Rhoptropus stable isotopes

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Body temperature,activity patterns and hunting in free-living cheetah:biologging reveals new insights

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 30-47页

作者： Robyn S.HETEM Duncan MITCHELL Brenda A.DE WITT Linda G.FICK Shane K.MALONEY Leith C.R.MEYER and andrea fuller School of Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesFaculty of SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Brain Function Research Group School of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand Medical SchoolParktownJohannesburgSouth Africa School of Human Sciences University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia Department of Paraclinical Science Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa

As one of the few felids that is predominantly diurnal,cheetahs(Acinonyx jubatus)can be exposed to high heat loads in their natural *** is known about long-term patterns of body temperature and activity(including hunting)in cheetahs because long-term concurrent measurements of body temperature and activity have never been reported for cheetahs,or,indeed,for any free-living *** report here body temperature and locomo-tor activity measured with implanted data loggers over 7 months in 5 free-living cheetahs in *** tem-perature ranged from a maximum of 39°C in summer to−2°C in *** had higher(~0.4°C)max-imum 24-h body temperatures,later acrophase(~1 h),with larger fluctuations in the range of the 24-h body temperature rhythm(approximately 0.4°C)during a hot-dry period than during a cool-dry period,but main-tained homeothermy irrespective of the climatic *** ambient temperatures increased,the cheetahs shifted from a diurnal to a crepuscular activity pattern,with reduced activity between 900 and 1500 hours and increased nocturnal *** timing of hunts followed the general pattern of activity;the cheetahs hunted when they were on the *** hunted if an opportunity presented itself;on occasion they hunted in the midday heat or in total darkness(new moon).Biologging revealed insights into cheetah biology that are not ac-cessible by traditional observer-based techniques.

关键词： Acinonyx jubatus heat stress nocturnal intraguild predators moonlight

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Spatio-temporal coupled mode theory for nonlocal metasurfaces

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 267-282页

作者： Adam Overvig Sander A.Mann andrea Alù Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10031USA Physics Program Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNY10016USA

Diffractive nonlocal metasurfaces have recently opened a broad range of exciting developments in nanophotonics research and applications,leveraging spatially extended—yet locally patterned—resonant modes to control light with new degrees of *** conventional grating responses are elegantly captured by temporal coupled mode theory,current approaches are not well equipped to capture the arbitrary spatial response observed in the nascent field of nonlocal ***,we introduce spatio-temporal coupled mode theory(STCMT),capable of elegantly capturing the key features of the resonant response of wavefront-shaping nonlocal *** framework can quantitatively guide nonlocal metasurface design while maintaining compatibility with local metasurface frameworks,making it a powerful tool to rationally design and optimize a broad class of ultrathin optical *** validate this STCMT framework against full-wave simulations of various nonlocal metasurfaces,demonstrating that this tool offers a powerful semi-analytical framework to understand and model the physics and functionality of these devices,without the need for computationally intense full-wave *** also discuss how this model may shed physical insights into nonlocal phenomena in photonics and the functionality of the resulting *** a relevant example,we showcase STCMT’s flexibility by applying it to study and rapidly prototype nonlocal metasurfaces that spatially shape thermal emission.

关键词： theory resonant spatially

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Proximity to corridors benefits bird communities in vegetated interrow vineyards in Mendoza, Argentina

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 147-155页

作者： andrea Paula Goijman Agustín Zarco EEA La Consulta Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA)San CarlosMendozaArgentina Instituto Argentino de Investigacion en las Zonas Aridas(IADIZA)CONICET 5500MendozaArgentina

Management under ecological schemes and increasing habitat heterogeneity,are essential for enhancing biodiversity in *** provide several contributions to agriculture,for example pest control,recreation and enhancing human mental health,and have intrinsic *** are also ideal model organisms because they are easy to survey,and species respond differently to agricultural land use at different *** borders of crops are key for many species of birds,and distance to the border have been found to be an important factor in vineyard-dominated *** evaluate if there are differences in the bird assemblage,between the interior compared to borders within vineyards,using a hierarchical community occupancy *** hypoth-esized that occupancy of birds is greater in environments with greater heterogeneity,which in this study was considered to be contributed by the proximity to vegetated *** expected that vineyard borders close to corridors will have higher bird occupancy than the center of the *** research was conducted in three vineyards with biodiversity-friendly management practices,in Gualtallary,Mendoza,*** surveys were conducted over three breeding seasons from 2018 to *** and richness of the bird community was more closely associated with the borders adjacent to the corridors than with the interior of the vineyards,as we initially predicted,although the assemblage of birds did not differ *** than 75%of the registered species consume exclusively or partially ***-friendly management and ecological schemes,together with vegetated corridors provide multiple benefits for biodiversity *** ap-proaches not only minimize the use of agrochemicals but also prioritize soil cover with spontaneous vegetation,which supports a diverse community of insectivorous bird species,potentially contributing to pest control.

关键词： Avian Bayesian analysis Field scale agroecosystem Management Multi-species occupancy model Nature’s contributions to people

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Laser-optimized Pt-Y alloy nanoparticles embedded in Pt-Y oxide matrix for high stability and ORR electrocatalytic activity

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 508-520页

作者： Riccardo Brandiele andrea Guadagnini Mattia Parnigotto Federico Pini Vito Coviello Denis Badocco Paolo Pastore Gian andrea Rizzi andrea Vittadini Daniel Forrer Vincenzo Amendola Christian Durante Department of Chemical Sciences University of PaduaVia Marzolo 135131 PadovaItaly Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia ICMATE-CNR via Marzolo 1 I-35131 PadovaItaly

The development of active yet stable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is still a major issue for the extensive permeation of fuel cells into everyday *** nanostructured Pt catalysts are to date the best available systems in terms of activity,the same is not true for stability,particularly under operating *** this work,Pt_(Х)Y alloy nanoparticles are proposed as active and durable electrocatalysts for ***_(Х)Y nanoalloys are synthesized and further optimized by laser ablation in liquid followed by laser fragmentation in *** novel integrated laser-assisted methodology succeeded in producing Pt_(Х)Y nanoparticles with the ideal size(1000 A g^(-1).At the same time,the nanoalloys are embedded in a fine Pt oxide matrix,which allows a greater stability of the catalyst than the commercial Pt reference,as directly verified on a gas diffusion electrode.

关键词： Electrocatalysis GDE ORR Pt_(2)Y Pt_(3)Y LAL LFL Oxide support Pto Nanoalloys

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Design methodology of a mini-missile considering flight performance and guidance precision

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第1期35卷 195-210页

作者： ZHANG Licong GONG Chunlin SU Hua andrea Da Ronch Shaanxi Aerospace Flight Vehicle Design Key Laboratory School of AstronauticsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUnited Kingdom

The design of mini-missiles(MMs)presents several novel *** stringent mission requirement to reach a target with a certain precision imposes a high guidance *** miniaturization of the size of MMs makes the design of the guidance,navigation,and control(GNC)have a larger-thanbefore impact on the main-body design(shape,motor,and layout design)and its design objective,i.e.,flight *** a trade-off between flight performance and guidance precision,all the relevant interactions have to be accounted for in the design of the main body and the GNC ***,a multi-objective and multidisciplinary design optimization(MDO)is *** pertinent to motor,aerodynamics,layout,trajectory,flight dynamics,control,and guidance are included in the proposed MDO *** optimization problem seeks to maximize the range and minimize the guidance *** problem is solved by using the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm *** optimum design that balances a longer range with a smaller guidance error is ***,lessons learned about the design of the MM and insights into the trade-off between flight performance and guidance precision are given by comparing the optimum design to a design provided by the traditional approach.

关键词： mini-missiles(MMs) guidance navigation and control(GNC)system multi-objective optimization multidisciplinary design optimization(MDO) flight performance guidance precision

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Life cycle assessment as a prospective tool for sustainable agriculture and food planning at a local level

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 251-264页

作者： andrea Lulovicova Stephane Bouissou UniversitéCôte d’Azur ESPACE Laboratory UMR730098bd Edouard Herriot06200 NiceFrance

Owing to the far-reaching environmental consequences of agriculture and food systems,such as their contribution to climate change,there is an urgent need to reduce their *** and national governments set sustainability targets and implement corresponding ***,critics of the globalized system claim that a territorial administrative scale is better suited to address sustainability ***,at the subnational level,local authorities rarely apply a systemic environmental assessment to enhance their action *** paper employs a territorial life cycle assessment methodology to improve local environmental agri-food *** objective is to identify significant direct and indirect environmental hotspots,their origins,and formulate effective mitigation *** methodology is applied to the administrative department of Finistere,a strategic agricultural region in North-Western *** environmental criteria including climate change,fossil resource scarcity,toxicity,and land use are *** findings reveal that the primary environmental hotspots of the studied local food system arise from indirect sources,such as livestock feed or diesel *** reduction and organic farming conversion emerge as the most environmentally efficient strategies,resulting in a 25%decrease in the climate change ***,the overall modeled impact reduction is insufficient following national objectives and remains limited for the land use *** results highlight the innovative application of life cycle assessment led at a local level,offering insights for the further advancement of systematic and prospective local agri-food ***,they provide guidance for local authorities to enhance the sustainability of planning strategies.

关键词： Environmental analysis Territorial life cycle assessment Prospective scenario Agri-food planning Local food system

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Application of flame-formed carbon nanoparticle films for ethanol sensing Author links open overlay panel

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Particuology 2024年第8期91卷 202-210页

作者： Pegah Darvehi Luca Basta Mario Commodo Patrizia Minutolo andrea D'Anna Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’Energia e la MobilitàSostenibili Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheP.le Tecchio 8080125NapoliItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione IndustrialeUniversitàdegli Studi di Napoli Federico IIP.le Tecchio 8080125NapoliItaly

Carbon nanoparticles(CNPs)have received considerable attention due to their exceptional qualities and *** unique physical and chemical characteristics make them extremely intriguing as materials for numerous high-potential applications,such as electronics and gas *** study focused on producing carbon-based nanomaterial devices by deposition of flame-formed carbon nanoparticles on a suitable substrate and investigating their gas-sensing *** were produced in a fuel-rich laminar premixed ethylene/air flame and the collected CNP film was morphologically and electrically *** electrical conductivity of the film was investigated as a function of ethanol concentration and amount of deposited ***,CNP films exhibited high sensitivity to ambient ethanol gas concentrations,and rapid recovery times at room temperature,and showed a sensitivity increasing with the amount of deposited material and the surface *** findings demonstrate the high potential of combustion-generated CNPs as building materials for low-cost and portable ethanol sensors.

关键词： Flame synthesis Carbon nanoparticles Soot Nanostructured thin film Optical and electrical characterization Atomic force microscopy Sensors

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Grasslands Response to Livestock Grazing Intensity in the Austral Pampas(Argentina):Testing the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第8期93卷 2037-2050页

作者： Ana Elena de Villalobos María andrea Long Grupo de Investigación en Ecosistemas de Pastizal(GIEP) CERZOSCONICETBahía Blanca8000Argentina Departamento de Biología Bioquímica y FarmaciaUniversidad Nacional del SurBahía Blanca8000Argentina

Livestock grazing has a significant impact on natural grasslands,with approximately one-third of the world’s land area dedicated to this *** 20%of global grasslands are highly degraded due to overgrazing,affecting their productivity and conservation *** practices are required to ensure sustainable livestock production that supports *** Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis(IDH)suggests that environments with moderate levels of disturbance exhibit a higher species *** grazing can reduce the dominance of certain species,thereby enhancing plant ***,concerns arise regarding the increase of exotic and unpalatable species under moderate grazing levels,complicating grassland conservation *** impact of livestock grazing on the functional structure of grasslands depends on factors such as grazing intensity,livestock species,and environmental *** in grazing intensity may increase specific and functional diversity under moderate grazing,potentially masking the presence of invasive exotic *** the Austral Pampas(Pampean phytogeographic province,Buenos Aires,Argentina),grasslands face various pressures from domestic livestock grazing that endanger their integrity if not properly ***,our study aims to investigate potential differences in species richness and diversity,functional diversity,exotic plant abundance,and the number and distribution of plant functional groups across varying grazing *** IDH is utilized as a tool to regulate livestock pressure for grassland *** and functional diversity indices were used to assess the impact of grazing on grassland *** grazing increased species and functional diversity,while intensively grazed or ungrazed areas showed reduced *** presence influenced the balance between native and exotic plants,with ungrazed areas having higher native plant abundance and grazed areas exhibiti

关键词： Natural grasslands grazing effects disturbance specific and functional diversity

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Model Change Active Learning in Graph-Based Semi-supervised Learning

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1270-1298页

作者： Kevin S.Miller andrea L.Bertozzi Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos Angeles520 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Active learning in semi-supervised classification involves introducing additional labels for unlabelled data to improve the accuracy of the underlying classifier.A challenge is to identify which points to label to best improve performance while limiting the number of new labels."Model Change"active learning quantifies the resulting change incurred in the classifier by introducing the additional label(s).We pair this idea with graph-based semi-supervised learning(SSL)methods,that use the spectrum of the graph Laplacian matrix,which can be truncated to avoid prohibitively large computational and storage *** consider a family of convex loss functions for which the acquisition function can be efficiently approximated using the Laplace approximation of the posterior *** show a variety of multiclass examples that illustrate improved performance over prior state-of-art.

关键词： Active learning Graph-based methods Semi-supervised learning(SSL) Graph Laplacian

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