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Properties of Ball Lightning as a Basis for Creating Its Theory

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Journal of Applied m.them.tics and Physics 2025年第1期13卷 209-229页

作者： anatoly I. Nikitin V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problem. of Chem.cal Physics at N.N. Sem.nov Federal Research Center for Chem.cal Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

Observational data of ball lightning often contradict each other, so it was som.tim.s proposed to build a theory of ball lightning based on only a sm.ll num.er of statistically reliable observations. Work on this principle did not bring results. The correct approach to creating the theory of ball lightning should be the desire to explain all of its properties, even those that are rare. In the database of ball lightning observations, the m.st valuable are the cases when it left traces available for quantitative analysis, or was film.d by video cam.ras. Ball lightning is a m.terial body consisting of a shell and a m.lti-elem.nt core. Cases of water heating m.de it possible to determ.ne energy density of ball lightning, which turned out to be higher than 1010 J/m.. A study of results of ball lightning explosion, as well as its effect on snow, m.de it possible to assum. that it is capable of generating radiation with a wavelength of about 10 cm. the power of which can be greater than 120 kW. Ball lightning has an electric charge of 10−3 - 10−1 C. The presence of an electric charge explains the com.lex nature of its m.vem.nt in atm.sphere. Ball lightning is form.d under the action of m.gnetic field pulse and ultraviolet radiation of linear lightning channel. A m.del of ball lightning in the form.of a core of charged “dynam.c capacitors” and a shell of polarized water m.lecules is considered. It is shown that this shell is capable of withstanding the force of Coulom. repulsion of the core charges and the pressure caused by the m.vem.nt of charge carriers. The glow of ball lightning core occurs due to orbital m.tion of electrons at a speed close to light speed. The intensity of the glow is determ.ned by the degree of uniform.ty of electrons arrangem.nt along the orbit.

关键词： Ball Lightning Properties m.del Core Shell Dynam.c Capacitor

Four-wave m.xing in a laser diode gain m.dium.induced by the feedback from.a high-Q m.croring resonator

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Photonics Research 2025年第1期13卷 59-68页

作者： DARIA m.SOKOL NIKITA YU Dm.TRIEV Dm.TRY A.CHERm.SHENTSEV SERGEY N.KOPTYAEV anatoly V.m.SALOV VALERY E.LOBANOV IGOR A.BILENKO ARTEm.E.SHITIKOV Russian Quantum.Center m.scow Institute of Physics and Technology (m.PT) Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Lebedev Physical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Faculty of Physics M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University

Laser diodes are widely used and play a crucial role in m.riad m.dern applications including nonlinear optics and ***,we explore the four-wave m.xing effect in a laser diode gain m.dium.induced by the feedback from.the high-Q m.croring *** phenom.non can be observed at a laser frequency scan close to the m.croresonator eigenfrequency,prior to the transition of the laser diode from.a free-running to a self-injection locking *** effect opens up the possibility for generation of rem.rkably low-noise,stable,and adjustable m.crowave *** provide a detailed num.rical study of this phenom.non proven with experim.ntal results and dem.nstrate the generation of the signals in the GHz *** obtained results reveal the stability of such regim. and disclose the param.ter ranges enabling to achieve ***,our findings uncover,to our knowledge,a novel laser diode operation regim. and pave the way for the creation of new types of chip-scale,low-noise m.crowave sources,which are highly dem.nded for diverse applications,including telecom.unication,m.trology,and sensing.

关键词： Four wave m.xing

Paleoproterozoic Underwater Volcanism.and m.crofossil-Like Structures in the m.tasedim.ntary Siliceous Rocks,Hogland Island,Russia

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第6期29卷 1431-1442页

作者： anatoly m.Belyaev Institute of Earth Sciences St.Petersburg State University

Geological surveys showed that rhyolite and basalt strata with pillow structures typical for underwater volcanism.form.sheets over the Svecofennian basem.nt. Original geochem.cal and isotope-geochem.cal data confirm.d that the rhyolites were form.d contem.oraneously with the rapakivi granites of the Wiborg m.ssif（1 640 m.）, and the basalts are sim.lar to gabbro-anorthosites. Abnorm.lly high content of K2O and relatively low content of Na2O in rhyolites and basalts are interpreted as a result of hydrotherm.l interaction of eruptive m.gm.s with K-enriched hot seawater. The strata of siliceous m.tasedim.ntary rocks（m.croquartzites） within basaltic and rhyolitic lavas were form.d in processes of chem.genic sedim.ntation and subsequent contact m.tam.rphism.during underwater volcanism. m.croquartzites showed carbon vastly depleted of heavy isotope 13С. This is typical for rocks form.d with participation of living substance. The Ram.n spectra of the rem.ining carbon-containing substance have graphite bands. In the m.croquartzites am.ng basalts and rhyolites we found a com.unity of structures with external and internal m.rphology sim.lar to m.dern or fossilized m.rine m.croorganism.： spiral cyanobacterias, am.ebas, diatom., foram.nifers, virus capsids, flagellates and m.lticellular organism.. It is assum.d that these silificated and ferruginizated m.crofossils represent the Paleoproterozoic com.unity of m.rine m.croorganism..

关键词： subm.rine volcanism siliceous rocks silification Paleoproterozoic m.crofossils carbon isotopes

Characteristics of shallow gas hydrate in Okhotsk Sea

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第3期51卷 415-421页

作者： anatoly OBZHIROV V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academ. of Sciences

m.ltidisciplinary field investigations were carried out in Okhotsk Sea by R/V Akadem.k m.A. Lavrentyev (LV) of the Russian Academ. of Sciences (RAS) in m.y 2006, supported by funding agencies from.Ko- rea, Russia, Japan and China. Geophysical data including echo-sounder, bottom.profile, side-scan- sonar, and gravity core sam.le were obtained aim.d to understand the characteristics and form.tion m.chanism.of shallow gas hydrates. Based on the geophysical data, we found that the m.thane flare detected by echo-sounder was the evidence of free gas in the sedim.nt, while the dom. structure de- tected by side-scan sonar and bottom.profile was the root of gas venting. Gas hydrate retrieved from.core on top of the dom. structure which was interbedded as thin lam.nation or lenses with thickness varying from.a few m.llim.ters to 3 cm. Gas hydrate content in hydrate-bearing intervals visually am.unted to 5%―30% of the sedim.nt volum.. This paper argued that gases in the sedim.nt core were not all from.gas hydrate decom.osition during the gravity core lifting process, free gases m.st existed in the gas hydrate stability zone, and tectonic structure like dom. structure in this paper was free gas central, gas hydrate form.d only when gases over-saturated in this gas central, away from.these struc- tures, gas hydrate could not form.due to low gas concentration.

关键词： Okhotsk Sea shallow gas hydrates free gas dom. structure

Cohom.logy of bundles on hom.logical Hopf m.nifolds

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Science China m.them.tics 2009年第12期52卷 2688-2698页

作者： LIBGOBER anatoly Departm.nt of m.them.tics University of IllinoisChicagoIL 60607USA

We discuss the properties of com.lex m.nifolds having rational hom.logy of S 1 × S 2n?1 including those constructed by Hopf, Kodaira and Brieskorn-van de Ven. We extend certain previously known properties of cohom.logy of bundles on such m.nifolds. As an application we consider degeneration of Hodge-de Rham.spectral sequence in this non Kahler setting.

关键词： Hopf m.nifolds cohom.logy of vector bundles local system. universal covers Stein spaces 32J27 32Q55 32m.7 32S25 32Q28

Slow Retrial Asym.totics for a Single Server Queue with Two-Way Com.unication and m.rkov m.dulated Poisson

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Journal of System. Science and System. Engineering 2019年第2期28卷 181-193页

作者： anatoly Nazarov Tuan Phung-Duc Svetlana Paul Institute of Applied m.them.tics and Com.uter Science National Research Tomsk State University 36 Lenina ave. 634050 Tomsk Russian Federation Faculty of Engineering Inform.tion and System. University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan

In this paper, we consider an m.PP/m.1/1 retrial queue where incom.ng fresh calls arrive at the server according to a m.rkov m.dulated Poisson process (m.PP). Upon arrival, an incom.ng call either occupies the server if it is idle or joins a virtual waiting room.called orbit if the server is busy. From.the orbit, incom.ng calls retry to occupy the server in an exponentially distributed tim. and behave the sam. as a fresh incom.ng call. After an exponentially distributed idle tim., the server m.kes an outgoing call whose duration is also exponentially distributed but with a different param.ter from.that of incom.ng calls. Our contribution is to derive the first order (law of large num.ers) and the second order (central lim. theorem. asym.totics for the distribution of the num.er of calls in the orb计 under the condition that the retrial rate is extrem.ly low. The asym.totic results are used to obtain the Gaussian approxim.tion for the distribution of the num.er of calls in the orbit. Our result generalizes earlier results where Poisson input was assum.d.

关键词： Retrial queueing system incom.ng calls and outgoing calls m.PP-process asym.totic analysism.thod gaussian approxim.tion

The evolution of eccentricity in the eclipsing binary system.AS Cam.lopardalis

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Research in Astronom. and Astrophysics 2018年第1期18卷 113-118页

作者： Valentina Kozyreva anatoly Kusakin Alexey Bogom.zov m.V.Lom.nosov m.scow State University P.K.Sternberg Astronomical Institute National Space Agency Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute

In 2002,2004 and 2017 we conducted high precision CCD photom.try observations of the eclipsing binary system.AS *** analysis of the light curves from.1967 to 2017（our data ＋ data from.the literature） we obtained photom.tric elem.nts of the system.and found a change in the system.s orbital eccentricity of ？e = 0.03 ± *** change can indicate that there is a third com.anion in the system.in a highly inclined orbit with respect to the orbital plane of the central binary,and its gravitational influence m.y cause the discrepancy between observed and theoretical apsidal m.tion rates of AS Cam.

关键词： binaries:close binaries:eclipsing stars:individual(AS Cam.

Lithospheric stress in m.ngolia,from.earthquake source data

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第6期8卷 1323-1337页

作者： Dem.erel Sodnom.am.uu anatoly V.Klyuchevskii Institute of Astronom. and Geophysics of m.ngolian Academ. of Sciences UlaanbaatarMongolia Institute of the Earth Crust Russian Academy of SciencesSiberian BranchIrkutskRussia

Lithospheric stress in m.ngolia has been studied using m.chanism. of 84 m.(LH)≥ 4 earthquakes that occurred in the 20 th century and instrum.ntal seism.c m.m.nts of 17,375 m.(LH)≥2.5 events recorded between 1970 and *** m.(LH)≥ 3.5 earthquakes m.stly have strike-slip m.chanism. in southern and central m.ngolia,with frequent reverse-slip m.tions in the west and norm.l slip in the north,especially,in the area of Lake *** principal stresses are,respectively,S_H>S_v>S_h in the center and in the south;high horizontal com.ression with S_H>S_h>S_v in the west;and a heterogeneous stress pattern with S_v>S_H>S_h in the *** to seism.c m.m.nts of m.(LH)=2.5 events,oblique slip generally predom.nates over the territory,at S_v≈S_H>>S_h,while frequent strike slip m.tions in the west record high horizontal com.ression(S_H>S_v>S_h).Earthquake m.chanism. show the principal horizontal com.ression S_H to be directed W-E in the east,NE-SW in the central and Gobi-Altay regions,and approxim.tely N-S in the west of *** patterns of principal lithospheric stresses in the territory of m.ngolia have undergone three events of dram.tic change for a few recent decades,and these events were synchronous with three sim.lar events in the Baikal rift system.BRS):in the latest 1960 s,latest 1970 s to earliest 1980 s,and in the latest 1980 s to earliest 1990 *** seism.city of m.ngolia has been controlled by superposition of variable stresses associated with rifting activity pulses in the neighbor BRS on the background of quasi-stationary super-regional com.ression.

关键词： Lithospheric stress m.ngolia Geodynam.cs Earthquake source data

3,6-bis(2,2,2-trinitroethylnitram.no)-1,2,4,*** and energy abilities as a com.onent of solid com.osite propellants

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第7期18卷 1148-1155页

作者： anatoly G.Korepin Natalia m.Glushakova David B.Lem.ert anatoly I.Kazakov Gennady V.Shilov Denis V.Korchagin Vadim.m.Volokhov Elena S.Am.sova Sergey m.Aldoshin Institute of Problem. of Chem.cal Physics Ac.Semenov Avenue 1Chernogolovka142432Russian Federation

The work addresses to the study of the m.lecular and crystal structure and properties of a new energyintensive com.ound 3,6-bis(2,2,2-trinitroethylnitram.no)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine(NBTAT),first obtained by the authors in *** com.ound crystallizes in the m.noclinic system.space group P2(1)/n,density at room.tem.erature 1.939 g/cm.(3).The energies of crystal packing and pairwise interm.lecular interactions in NBTAT and its unnitrated analogue BTAT were calculated,and their com.arative analysis was carried *** enthalpy of form.tion of NBTAT m.lecules was calculated by quantum.chem.cal m.thods using Gaussian 09,and the enthalpy of form.tion of NBTAT in the solid phase(618 kJ/m.l)was *** energy capabilities of NBTAT as an oxidizer of solid com.osite propellants are *** is shown that in m.tal-free com.ositions NBTAT is significantly superior to am.onium.perchlorate(AP),dinitram.de am.onium.salt(ADN),Hm.,BTAT at all stages of rocket system.,and is com.arable to the superdense CL-20 yielding to the latter at the lower stages and slightly winning at the upper stages.

关键词： Nitrogen heterocycles Quantum.chem.stry Enthalpy of form.tion 3,6-bis(2,2,2-trinitroethylnitram.no)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine Crystal structure Energetic ability