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Alcohol metabolites and lipopolysaccharide: Roles in the development and/or progression of alcoholic liver disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第10期15卷 1209-1218页

作者： Courtney S Schaffert Michael J Duryee Carlos D Hunter Bartlett C Hamilton 3rd amy l DeVeney Mary M Huerter lynell W Klassen Geoffrey M Thiele Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center 986350 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198-6350 United States Veterans Administration Alcohol Research Center Omaha Veterans Administration Medical Center 4101 Woolworth Avenue Omaha NE 68105 United States Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center 986495 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198-6495 United States

The onset of alcoholic liver disease (AlD) is initiated by different cell types in the liver and a number of different factors including: products derived from ethanol-induced inflammation, ethanol metabolites, and the indirect reactions from those metabolites. Ethanol oxidation results in the production of metabolites that have been shown to bind and form protein adducts, and to increase inflammatory, fibrotic and cirrhotic responses. lipopolysaccharide (lPS) has many deleterious effects and plays a significant role in a number of disease processes by increasing inflammatory cytokine release. In AlD, lPS is thought to be derived from a breakdown in the intestinal wall enabling lPS from resident gut bacterial cell walls to leak into the blood stream. The ability of adducts and lPS to independently stimulate the various cells of the liver provides for a two-hit mechanism by which various biological responses are induced and result in liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of a two-hit combination of ethanol metabolites and lPS on the cells of the liver to increase inflamma-tion and fi brosis, and play a role in the development and/or progression of AlD.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Inflammation Fibrosis Sinusoidal liver endothelial cells Kupffer cells Hepatocyte Stellate cells Precision cut liver slices

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Quiet in the nest:The nest environment attenuates song in a grassland songbird

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 623-629页

作者： Sarah l.Dobney Mikayla M.K.Bornais D.Ryan Norris amy E.M.Newman Heather Williams Stéphanie M.Doucet Daniel J.Mennill Department of Integrative Biology University of WindsorWindsorOntarioN9B 3P4Canada Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioN1G 2W1Canada Biology Department Williams CollegeWilliamstownMA01267USA

The nest environment may limit the ability of nest-bound birds to hear sounds from the outside *** vocal learning species,such as humans and songbirds,it is vital for young animals to hear the voices of conspecific animals early in *** songbirds,nest structure varies considerably across species,and the resulting impact on sound transmission may have consequences for vocal learning in *** this study,we tested the hypothesis that the nest environment attenuates song of Savannah Sparrows(Passerculus sandwichensis),grassland songbirds that build nests on the ground under cover of dense *** recorded live Savannah Sparrows singing at variable distances from 21 *** recorded songs using one microphone inside the nest(the typical position of a nestling)and another placed 1 m directly above the nest(a typical position of an adult).We found a substantial reduction in signal-to-noise ratio,where songs recorded inside the nest were an average of 11 dB lower than songs recorded directly above the *** estimate that the attenuation imposed by the nest reduced the maximum acoustic environment from 117.7 m(for recordings above the nest),to 78.6 m(for recordings within the nest),which is analogous to listening from a position 39.1 m farther away from the *** research estimated that song transmits up to 100 m in this species,so any adult male within 100 m of a young bird was previously considered a potential vocal *** reducing the nestling acoustic environment from 100 m to 78.6 m,the number of male tutors available to nestlings is reduced by an average of 27%.Given the growing evidence that song learning begins very early in life,future research on vocal development should account for how the structural properties of the natal environment affect the songs that nestlings hear.

关键词： Acoustic environment Nest environment Songbird Sound attenuation Vocal learning

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Effects of l-arginine,guanidinoacetic acid and l-citrulline supplementation in reduced-protein diets on bone morphology and mineralization of laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 225-234页

作者： Hiep Thi Dao amy F.Moss Emma J.Bradbury Robert A.Swick School of Environmental and Rural Science Faculty of ScienceAgricultureBusiness and LawUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales2351Australia Faculty of Animal Science Vietnam National University of AgricultureTrau Quy TownGia Lam DistrictHanoi100000Vietnam Baiada Poultry Pty limited Pendle HillNew South Wales2145Australia

The alterations in feed ingredients and the nutrient matrix to produce reduced-protein diets may affect bone morphology and mineralization in laying *** study was implemented to determine the effects of l-arginine(Arg),guanidinoacetic acid(GAA),and l-citrulline(Cit)supplementation to Argdeficient reduced-protein diets on bone morphology,strength,and mineralization status of laying *** housed Hy-line Brown laying hens were evenly distributed to five dietary treatments with 25 replicates per treatment from 20 to 40 wk of *** consisted of a standard protein diet(17%crude protein,SP),a reduced-protein diet deficient in Arg(13%crude protein,RP),and RP supplemented with Arg(0.35%Arg,RP-Arg),GAA(0.46%GAA equivalent to 0.35%Arg,RP-GAA),or Cit(0.35%Cit equivalent to 0.35%Arg,RP-Cit)to reach the Arg level of SP *** fed the SP diet had similar bone weight,ash,length,width,Seedor index,breaking strength,and serum mineral concentration,but higher toe B level(Plso excreted more K and B compared to those fed the RP diet(Plower Cu digestibility(P=0.01)and higher B retention(Plative femur weight and length(Plline supplementation also increased relative tibia and femur ash,and Zn digestibility(Plementation of GAA to the RP diet decreased serum Ca,P,and Mg levels,decreased tibia Fe and Mg levels and toe Mg level,but increased Al,Fe,Zn,and Mn digestibility(Playing hens to adapt to low mineral intake by increasing mineral ***,bone morphology and breaking strength,and serum mineral level in laying hens were not influenced by dietary CP *** Arg,GAA,or Cit supplementation were effective in improving bone morphology and

关键词： Ash Breaking strength Femur low protein Minerals Digestibility

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Electricity consumption patterns within cities:application of a data-driven settlement characterization method

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第1期13卷 119-135页

作者： Pranab K.Roy Chowdhury Jeanette E.Weaver Eric M.Weber Dalton lunga St.Thomas M.leDoux amy N.Rose Budhendra l.Bhaduri Urban Dynamics Institute&Geographic Information Science and Technology Group Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Bredesen Center For Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA

Urban areas presently consume around 75%of global primary energy supply,which is expected to significantly increase in the future due to urban *** sustainable,universal energy access is a pressing challenge for most parts of the *** urban energy consumption patterns may help to address the challenges to urban sustainability and energy ***,urban energy analyses are severely limited by the lack of urban energy *** datasets are virtually non-existent for the developing *** per current projections,most of the new urban growth is bound to occur in these data-starved ***,there is an urgent need of research methods for monitoring and quantifying urban energy utilization ***,we apply a data-driven approach to characterize urban settlements based on their formality,which is then used to assess intraurban urban energy consumption in Johannesburg,South Africa;Sana’a,Yemen;and Ndola,*** is the fastest growing energy *** analyzing the relationship between the settlement types and the corresponding nighttime light emission,a proxy of electricity consumption,we assess the differential electricity consumption *** study presents a simple and scalable solution to fill the present data void to understand intra-city electricity consumption patterns.

关键词： Settlement characterization cities urban electricity consumption VIIRS nighttime lights developing countries

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Case study approach to modeling historical disinfection by-product exposure in Iowa drinking waters

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 183-190页

作者： Stuart W.Krasner Kenneth P.Cantor Peter J.Weyer Mariana Hildesheim Gary amy Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Water Quality La Verne CA 91750 USA National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination(CHEEC) University of Iowa Coralville IA 52242 USA Medical Research Solutions LLC Montgomery Village MD 20886 USA College of Engineering Computing and Applied SciencesClemson University Clemson SC 29631 USA

In the 1980 s, a case–control epidemiologic study was conducted in Iowa（USA） to analyze the association between exposure to disinfection by-products（DBPs） and bladder cancer risk. Trihalomethanes（THMs）, the most commonly measured and dominant class of DBPs in drinking water, served as a primary metric and surrogate for the full DBP *** THM exposure was calculated, based on rough estimates of past levels in Iowa. To reduce misclassification, a follow-up study was undertaken to improve estimates of past THM levels and to re-evaluate their association with cancer risk. In addition, the risk associated with haloacetic acids, another class of DBPs, was examined. In the original analysis, surface water treatment plants were assigned one of two possible THM levels depending on the point of chlorination. The re-assessment considered each utility treating surface or groundwater on a case-by-case basis. Multiple treatment/disinfection scenarios and water quality parameters were considered with actual DBP measurements to develop estimates of past levels. The highest annual average THM level in the re-analysis was156 μg/l compared to 74 μg/l for the original analysis. This allowed the analysis of subjects exposed at higher levels（〉 96 μg/l）. The re-analysis established a new approach, based on case studies and an understanding of the water quality and operational parameters that impact DBP formation, for determining historical exposure.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Trihalomethanes Haloacetic acids Exposure assessment Epidemiology Bladder cancer

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Control of nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Ankrd54 by PKCδ

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2017年第3期8卷 163-174页

作者： amy l Samuels Alison louw Reza Zareie Evan Ingley Cell Signalling Group Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Researchthe University of Western Australia Proteomics International laboratories ltd Proteowa Pty ltd SABCMurdoch University Cell Signalling Group School of Veterinary and Health SciencesMurdoch University

AIM To identify and characterize the effect of phosphorylation on the subcellular localization of *** HEK293 T cells were treated with calyculin A, staurosporin or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA). Cells were transfected with eG FP-tagged Ankrd54 with or without lyn tyrosine kinase(wild-type, Y397 F mutant, or Y508 F mutant). The subcellular localization was assessed by immunofluorescence imaging of cells, immunoblotting of subcellular fractionations. The phosphorylation of Ankrd54 was monitored using Phos-tagT M gel retardation. Phosphorylated peptides were analysed by multiplereaction-monitoring(MRM) proteomic *** Activation of PKC kinases using PMA promoted nuclear export of Ankrd54 and correlated with increased Ankrd54 phosphorylation, assayed using Phos-tag TM gel retardation. Co-expression of an active form of the PKCδisoform specifically promoted both phosphorylation and cytoplasmic localization of Ankrd54, while PKCδ, Akt and PKA did not. Alanine mutation of several serine residues in the amino-terminal region of Ankrd54(Ser14, Ser17, Ser18, Ser19) reduced both PMA induced cytoplasmic localization and phosphorylation of Ankrd54. Using MRM proteomic analysis, phosphorylation of the Ser18 residue of Ankrd54 was readily detectable in response to PMA stimulation. PMA stimulation of cells co-expressing Ankrd54 and lyn tyrosine kinase displayed increased coimmunoprecipitation and enhanced co-localization in the *** We identify phosphorylation by PKCδ as a major regulator of nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Ankrd54, and its interaction with the tyrosine kinase lyn.

关键词： Ankrd54 PKC lyn Btk Phosphorylation

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Volvulus of the ileal pouch-anal anastomosis:a meta-narrative systematic review of frequency,diagnosis,and treatment outcomes

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Gastroenterology Report 2019年第6期7卷 403-410,I0001页

作者： Muhammad Jawoosh Samir Haffar Parakkal Deepak Alyssa Meyers amy l.lightner David W.larson laura H.Raffals MHassan Murad Navtej Buttar Fateh Bazerbachi Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Dessau Municipal HospitalAuenweg 3806847 Dessau-RosslauGermany Digestive Center for Diagnosis and Treatment DamascusSyrian Arab Republic Division of Gastroenterology John T.Milliken Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Colorectal Surgery Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Robert D and Patricia E Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA

Background:Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis(IPAA)is the surgical procedure of choice for medically refractory ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous *** rare,a pouch volvulus can *** aimed to determine the frequency,presentation,and management approach of pouch volvulus in patients with ***:A systematic search of published literature was performed by a medical reference librarian on 10 August 2018 and two independent reviewers identified relevant publications,extracted data,and assessed the methodological quality based on a validated tool.A retrospective review of the Mayo Clinic electronic medical records identified one case of pouch volvulus between January 2008 and August ***:The frequency of pouch volvulus from one large published study reporting long-termoutcomes of IPAA was 0.18%(3/1,700).A total of 22 patients(18 ulcerative colitis)were included(median age 32 years,73%females).Median time to volvulus after IPAA was 36 months while median interval to volvulus diagnosis from symptom onset was 24 *** pain was the most commonly reported symptom(76%).The diagnosis was made primarily by abdominal computed tomography(13/17 patients,76%).Endoscopic treatment was successful in 1 of 11 patients(9%).Surgery was performed in 20 patients and pouch-pexy and pouch excision were the most frequent surgical operations.A redo IPAA was performed in five patients(25%).Conclusion:Pouch volvulus is a rare but serious complication of IPAA and should be suspected even in the absence of obstruction *** treatment often fails and surgery is effective when performed early.

关键词： familial adenomatous polyposis ulcerative colitis ileal pouch–anal anastomosis pouch volvulus systematic review

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Within-host model of respiratory virus shedding and antibody response to H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccination and infection in chickens

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 490-502页

作者： Xiao-Ting Xie Alexander Yitbarek Jake Astill Shirene Singh Salah Uddin Khan Shayan Sharif Zvonimir Poljak amy l.Greer Department of Population Medicine University of GuelphONCanada Department of Pathobiology University of GuelphONCanada School of Veterinary Medicine University of the West IndiesSt.AugustineTrinidad and Tobago

Avian influenza virus(AIV)H9N2 subtype is an infectious pathogen that can affect both the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems in chickens and continues to have an important economic impact on the poultry *** the host innate immune response provides control of virus replication in early infection,the adaptive immune response aids to clear infections and prevent future *** virus-innate immune response pathways can improve our understanding of early infection dynamics and help to guide our understanding of virus shedding dynamics that could lead to reduced transmission between *** some countries use vaccines for the prevention of H9N2 AIV in poultry,the virus continues to be endemic in regions of Eurasia and Africa,indicating a need for improved vaccine efficacy or vaccination *** we explored how three type-I interferon(IFN)pathways affect respiratory virus shedding patterns in infected chickens using a within-host ***,prime and boost vaccination strategies for a candidate H9N2 AIV vaccine are assessed for the ability to elicit seroprotective antibody *** model demonstrates that inclusion of virus sensitivity to intracellular type-I IFN pathways results in a shedding pattern most consistent with virus titres observed in infected chickens,and the inclusion of a cellular latent period does not improve model ***,early administration of a booster dose two weeks after the initial vaccine is administered results in seroprotective titres for the greatest length of time for both broilers and *** results demonstrate that type-I IFN intracellular mechanisms are required in a model of respiratory virus shedding in H9N2 AIV infected chickens,and also highlights the need for improved vaccination strategies for laying hens.

关键词： Avian influenza Disease modelling Innate immunity Adaptive immunity Poultry

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Effects of therapeutic horseback riding on post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans

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Military Medical Research 2018年第1期5卷 19-32页

作者： Rebecca A.Johnson David l.Albright James R.Marzolf Jessica l.Bibbo Hayley D.Yaglom Sandra M.Crowder Gretchen K.Carlisle amy Willard Cynthia l.Russell Karen Grindler Steven Osterlind Marita Wassman Nathan Harms Research Center for Human Animal interaction College of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA. ResearchService Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital ColumbiaMO 65211 USA. School of Social Work University of AlabamaTuscaloosa AL 35487 USA. Occupational Health Services Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital Columbia MO 65211 USA. Center for the Human-Animal Bond College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA. School of Health Professions University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA. TREE House of Greater St. louis Wentzville MO 63385 USA. School of Nursing and Health Studies University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas City MO 64108 USA. Cedar Creek Therapeutic Riding Center Columbia MO 65201 USA. College of Education School and Counseling Psychology University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211USA. Ride-On St. louis Kimmswick MO 63053 USA.

Background:large numbers of post-deployment *** are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and/or traumatic brain injury(TBI),leading to an urgent need for effective interventions to reduce symptoms and increase veterans’*** includes anxiety,flashbacks,and emotional *** symptoms increase health care costs for stress-related illnesses and can make veterans’civilian life ***:We used a randomized wait-list controlled design with repeated measures of *** veterans to address our specific aim to test the efficacy of a 6-week therapeutic horseback riding(THR)program for decreasing PTSD symptoms and increasing coping self-efficacy,emotion regulation,social and emotional *** participants were recruited and 29 enrolled in the randomized *** were randomly assigned to either the horse riding group(n=15)or a wait-list control group(n=14).The wait-list control group experienced a 6-week waiting period,while the horse riding group began *** wait-list control group began riding after 6 weeks of participating in the control *** and health history information was obtained from all the *** symptoms were measured using the standardized PTSD Checklist-Military Version(PCl-M).The PCl-M as well as other instruments including,The Coping Self Efficacy Scale(CSES),The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale(DERS)and The Social and Emotional loneliness Scale for Adults-short version(SElSA)were used to access different aspects of individual well-being and the PTSD ***:Participants had a statistically significant decrease in PTSD scores after 3 weeks of THR(P≤0.01)as well as a statistically and clinically significant decrease after 6 weeks of THR(P≤0.01).logistic regression showed that participants had a 66.7%likelihood of having lower PTSD scores at 3 weeks and 87.5%likelihood at 6 *** the generalized linear model(GlM),our ANOVA findings for the coping self

关键词： Animal-assisted intervention Coping self-efficacy Emotion regulation Military veterans Post-traumatic stress disorder Social engagement Therapeutic horseback riding Traumatic brain injury

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Multigene phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Melanconiella(Diaporthales)

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第6期57卷 1-44页

作者： Hermann Voglmayr amy Y.Rossman lisa A.Castlebury Walter M.Jaklitsch Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Faculty Centre of BiodiversityUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030WienAustria Systematic Mycology&Microbiology laboratory USDAAgricultural Research ServiceB010A10300 Baltimore AveBeltsvilleMD 20705USA

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of lSU rDNA demonstrate monophyly of the genus Melanconiella,and its status as a genus distinct from Melanconis is *** of macro-and microscopic morphology,pure cultures and phylogenetic analyses of partial SSU-ITS-lSU rDNA,tef1 and rpb2 sequences revealed 13 distinct species of Melanconiella,six of which are described as new(***,***,***,***,***,***).Melanconiella hyperopta *** is described as a new *** carpinicola,***,***,*** and *** are formally combined into *** name Melanconiella chrysostroma is excluded from Melanconiella,as it is an obligate synonym of Wuestneia *** type of Melanconiella is confirmed as *** species are lecto-and/or epitypified.A key to all treated species ofMelanconiella is provided,and the circumscriptions of the genera Melanconis and Melanconiella are *** Melanconiella species revealed by molecular phylogenetic analyses can be well characterised by a suite of morphological traits including ascospore shape,length and width,colour,absence/presence and shape of appendages and the ***-teleomorph connections were confirmed by pure culture and DNA data,revealing the presence of a single melanconium-or discosporina-like anamorph for each *** growth was found to be characteristic of the respective *** is shown to be confined to the host family Betulaceae,and all species are found to be highly host-specific,mostly confined to a single host *** biodiversity ofMelanconiella was determined to be centred on the genus Carpinus with nine species,five of which have been confirmed on *** appears to be the geographic centre of Melanconiella biodiversity.

关键词： High diversity Host specificity Melanconidaceae Molecular phylogeny New species Pathogen Systematics

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