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Land tenure and landscape change:a comparison of public-private lands in the southern High Plains

Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 139-152页

作者： Todd D.Fagin Jacqueline M.Vadjunec Nicole M.Colston Kathyrn Wenger amy graham Oklahoma Biological Survey University of Oklahoma111 E.Chesapeake StNorman 73019OKUSA Department of Geography Oklahoma State University337 Murray HallStillwater 74078OKUSA

Introduction:Long-term drought in the southern Great Plains increases the vulnerability of coupled human-environment systems at a variety of *** better understandings of the dynamics at regional scales will become increasingly important as long-established land-use regimes break down in the face of climate change,resource depletion,and evolving *** demonstrate differential vulnerability during drought periods,this study hypothesized that observed increases in woody vegetation in grasslands would vary across land-tenure *** argue that differences in State Trust Land governance,in part,lead to differential land management practices that contribute to landscape ***:The study area encompasses adjacent counties,Cimarron County in Oklahoma and Union County in New Mexico,with similar climate variability and agricultural *** analyzed National Land Cover Database(NLCD)land-cover maps from 1992 and 2011 to assess changes in landscape composition and structure between 1992 and ***:During both years under consideration,each county in the study region,across various land-tenure regimes,was dominated by herbaceous ***,there were changes in both composition and structure across the whole study area,in particular losses of herbaceous vegetation and increases in woody *** greatest gains in woody vegetation occurred in State Trust Lands of Cimarron ***,the data suggest a fragmentation of herbaceous vegetation and a coalescing of shrubland ***:Research about the influence of land tenure on land management decisions,specifically the role of State Trust Land leases in overgrazing,informs the broader context of drought management in the southern Great *** include continued research to highlight the specific mechanisms of land-tenure governance that drive landscape change.

关键词： Drought Land tenure Agriculture Landscape composition Landscape structure Southern Great Plains Grasslands Socio-ecological vulnerability National Land Cover Database(NLCD)

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Lifespan Modulation in Mice and the Confounding Effects of Genetic Background

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第9期41卷 497-503页

作者： Lorna Mulvey amy Sinclair Colin Selman Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative MedicineCollege of MedicineVeterinary and Life SciencesGraham Kerr BuildingUniversity of Glasgow

We are currently in the midst of a revolution in ageing research, with several dietary, genetic and pharmacological interventions now known to modulate ageing in model organisms. Excitingly, these interventions also appear to have beneficial effects on late-life health. For example, dietary restriction （DR） has been shown to slow the incidence of age-associated cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, cancer and brain ageing in non-human primates and has been shown to improve a range of health indices in humans. While the idea thai DR＇s ability to extend lifespan is often thought of as being universal, studies in a range of organisms, including yeast, mice and monkeys, suggest that this may not actually be the case. The precise reasons underlying these differential effects of DR on lifespan are currently unclear, but genetic background may be an important factor in how an individual responds to DR. Similarly, recent findings also suggest that the responsiveness of mice to specific genetic or pharmacological interventions that modulate ageing may again be influenced by genetic background. Consequently, while there is a clear driver to develop interventions to improve late-life health and vitality, under- standing precisely how these act in response to particular genotypes is critical if we are to translate these findings to humans. We will consider of the role of genetic background in the efficacy of various lifespan interventions and discuss potential routes of utilising genetic heterogeneity to further understand how particular interventions modulate lifespan and healthspan.

关键词： Ageing Dietary restriction Genotype Longevity

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第52例——关于脓毒症及脓毒性休克治疗的几个观点(Internet网上专题讨论)

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中国危重病急救医学 2003年第1期15卷 62-64页

作者：冯丽洁 amy L.Szyszko 解放军总医院急诊科北京100853 美国芝加哥Illinosis医学院急诊科

2002年10月，欧洲危重病协会（ESICM）、危重病协会（SCCM）和国际脓毒症论坛提出了《巴塞罗那宣言》，共同呼呈采取措施减少世界最古老、最具杀伤力的疾病-脓毒症，争取在今后5 a内将脓毒症的死亡率降低25%。ESICM主席graham Ramsay教... 详细信息

2002年10月，欧洲危重病协会（ESICM）、危重病协会（SCCM）和国际脓毒症论坛提出了《巴塞罗那宣言》，共同呼呈采取措施减少世界最古老、最具杀伤力的疾病-脓毒症，争取在今后5 a内将脓毒症的死亡率降低25%。ESICM主席graham Ramsay教授指出，临床医生一直在寻求最好的脓毒下治疗方法，但是各国政府没有以足够的资金和教育来支持，医生的努力受到限制，《巴塞罗那宣言》将促进政府和医学管理部门提高对脓毒症社会危害的认识和干预。对于医学界和学术界而言，《巴塞罗那宣言》的意义在于：制定简单明了的定义，以促进早期、正确诊断；规范临床治疗和干预方案，确保适当、及时处理患者；制定全球统一的医疗指南；为临床医生提供脓毒症治疗的最先进学术信息；为ICU的脓毒症患者提供教育和咨询。

关键词：脓毒症脓毒性休克治疗 Internet 专题讨论

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Extending cardiomyocyte replicative capacity into adulthood improves outcomes after myocardial injury but repair is incomplete

Extending cardiomyocyte replicative capacity into adulthood ...

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作者： Ming Li Siiri E.Iismaa Nawazish Naqvi Jianxin Wu Scott Kesteven Ahtesham ul Haq Andrea Y.Chan Sara R.Holman amy Nicks Michael P.Feneley Ahsan Husain Robert M.graham Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute Wenzhou Medical University Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute St Vincent’s Clinical School University of New South Wales Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine

Aims:We have previously demonstrated that cardiomyocytes(CMs) of adult transgenic C57 BL/6 J mice with CM-restricted overexpression of the dominant negative Wv mutant(dn-c-kit-Tg) retain the ability to proliferate;a response normally restricted to fetal and early neonatal *** leads to a hyperplastic CM response to pressure overload with improved cardiac function and ***,we tested if this persistent CM proliferative competence allows complete,scar-less repair of the myocardium with normalization of cardiac morphology and function post-myocardial infarction(MI).Methods and *** to WT control non-transgenic littermates,dn-c-kit-Tg mice displayed i) persistent CM replicative capacity in adulthood,ii) a thicker left ventricular(LV) wall and a smaller LV cavity due to increased CM cell number,but no change in CM length,width,volume,pbidy or nucleation state,and iii) improved *** 24 hours after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,infarct sizes were similar in adult(16 week old) WT and dn-c-kit-Tg *** weeks post-MI,infarct size in dn-c-kk-Tg was half that in WT hearts,but significant scarring was still *** infarct size in the dn-c-kit-Tg mice was associated with improved survival,increased CM cell cycle entry,attenuated left ventricular remodelling and improved cardiac ***:Extending CM replicative capacity into adulthood improves outcomes post-MI,but healing is structurally and functionally incomplete.

关键词： Cardiac regeneration cardiomyocyte proliferation myocardial infarct

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减少向环境中释放抗生素和抗生素耐药基因的管理措施

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环境与职业医学 2014年第1期31卷 72-77页

作者： amy Pruden D.G.Joakim Larsson Alejandro Amézquita Peter Collignon Kristian K.Brandt David W.graham James M.Lazorchak Satoru Suzuki Peter Silley Jason R.Snape Edward Topp Tong Zhang Yong-Guan Zhu 何蓉汪源张伊人金泰廙 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA Institute for Biomedicine The Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Unilever-Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre SharnbrookUnited Kingdom Australian National University CanberraAustralia Canberra Hospital CanberraAustralia Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyCincinnatiOhioUSA Center for Marine Environmental Studies Ehime UniversityMatsuyamaEhimeJapan MB Consult Limited SouthamptonUnited Kingdom University of Bradford BradfordUnited Kingdom AstraZeneca Brixham Environmental LaboratoryBrixhamUnited Kingdom Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada LondonOntarioCanada Department of Civil Engineering University of Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences

[背景]全球越来越关注污染土壤、水环境对抗生素耐药性产生和蔓延的作用。[目的]本研究的目的是确定那些可以减少抗生素和抗生素耐药性经环境途径传播影响因素的管理措施,以最终达到延长抗生素使用寿命的目标。此外还研究了实施这些措... 详细信息

[背景]全球越来越关注污染土壤、水环境对抗生素耐药性产生和蔓延的作用。[目的]本研究的目的是确定那些可以减少抗生素和抗生素耐药性经环境途径传播影响因素的管理措施,以最终达到延长抗生素使用寿命的目标。此外还研究了实施这些措施的激励和阻碍因素。[方法]着重研究有关农业源头限制,生活、医院和工业废水处理,以及水产养殖三方面的管理措施。[讨论]我们确定了若干措施,如养份管理、径流控制和基础设施升级。凡适当处,可提供世界不同地区的典型实例。研究还强调了监测和验证管理策略有效性的重要性。最后,介绍了一则瑞典的案例研究,展示了通过沟通来发动利益相关方参与和促进行动的重要作用。[结论]在许多情况下,可以花费很少或根本不花费成本来减少抗生素和抗生素耐药性细菌的环境释放。一些管理措施与现有的政策和目标协同作用。预期的效益是延长现有和未来的抗生素使用寿命。虽然往往难以量化所降低的风险,但是全球抗生素耐药性相关发病率和死亡率加速增长,这一情况的严重程度强烈表明采取行动的必要性。

关键词：农业抗生素制造抗生素耐药性水产养殖畜牧粪便管理政策废水处理

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