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Assessing disease activity using the pediatric crohn’s disease activity index:can we use subjective or objective parameters alone?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第30期27卷 5100-5111页

作者： amy Grant Trudy Lerer Anne M Griffiths JS Hyams Anthony Otley Division of Pediatrics IWK HealthHalifaxNS B3K6R8Canada Division of Research Connecticut Children's Medical CenterHartfordCT 06106United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoON M5G1X8Canada Division of Gastroenterology Connecticut Children's Medical CenterHartfordCT 06106United States Division of Pediatrics Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B3H4C3Canada

BAcKGROUND The pediatric crohn’s disease activity index(PcDAI)is used as a standard tool to assess disease activity in clinical trials for pediatric crohn’s *** To examine which items on the PcDAI drive assessment of disease activity,and how subgroups of subjective and objective items reflect change in disease state over *** Selective raw data from three prospectively collected datasets were combined,including 703 children with full PcDAI data at baseline,at 3-mo(Q1,n=670),and 1-year(Q4,n=474).change in individual PcDAI scores from baseline to Q1 and to Q4 were examined using the non-weighted *** Abdominal pain,well-being,weight,and stooling had the highest change scores over *** indicators including albumin,abdominal exam,and height velocity *** scores for well-being and abdominal exam did not explain significant variance at Q1 but were significant predictors at Q4(Pctive and objective subgroups of items predicted less variance(18%and 22%)on total PcDAI scores at Q1 and Q4 compared to the full PcDAI,or a composite scale(both 32%)containing significant *** Although subjective items on the PcDAI change the most over time,the full PcDAI or a smaller composite of items including a combination of subjective and objective components classifies disease activity better than a subgroup of either subjective or objective items *** on subjective or objective items as stand-alone proxies for disease activity measurement could result in misclassification of disease state.

关键词： crohn’s disease Pediatric crohn’s disease activity index Patient reported outcome measurement Disease activity clinical trials Pediatric

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Diel and seasonal patterns of variation in the singing behaviour of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis)

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Avian Research 2019年第3期10卷 336-343页

作者： Ines G.Moran Katrina c.Lukianchuk Stephanie.M.Doucet amy E.M.Newman Heather Williams D.Ryan Norris Daniel J.Mennill Department of Biological Sciences University of WindsorWindsorON N9B3P4Canada Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphON N1G2W1Canada Biology Department Williams CollegeWilliamstownMD 01267USA

Background:The vocalizations of birds are dynamic traits that often vary in output with time of day and time of *** quantifying patterns of diel and seasonal variation in vocal output,we can gain insight into the ecology and evolution of birds and the function of their *** this investigation,we quantified diel and seasonal variation in song output by studying a breeding population of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis).Methods:We used autonomous recorders to collect extensive recordings across the breeding season in a long-term, colour-marked study population of Savannah Sparrows in eastern *** described diel and seasonal variation across five different breeding stages based on recordings of more than 50,000 songs from 34 ***:During the pre-breeding stage, prior to female arrival, males sang a pronounced dawn chorus with a peak in song output during the early *** the breeding stage,in contrast,the dawn chorus was diminished and males instead exhibited a pronounced dusk chorus with a peak in song output during the *** the breeding season,the highest levels of song output occurred in late April and early May,soon after males arrived on the breeding grounds,and the lowest levels occurred in August,prior to the departure of birds for the wintering ***:These patterns suggest that Savannah Sparrows' early-season dawn choruses are directed at males and serve a territorial defense ***-season dusk choruses,in contrast, appear to play a role in attracting mates and possibly acoustic mate guarding.

关键词： Bird song Breeding activities circadian rhythms Seasonal variation in song

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Athletes Who Sparkle： Stereotypes in the Televised coverage of the 2010 Olympic Figure Skating Events

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Journalism and Mass communication 2013年第5期3卷 292-303页

作者： amy H. Jones Skye c. cooley Department of Languages and Literature University of West Alabama Department of communication Mississippi State University

A vast amount of research has been devoted to gender roles in mass media. Prior studies relating to gender roles in media coverage of sports have been typically centered on underrepresentation, negative stereotypical portrayals of female athletes, and iconic heroic portrayals of male athletes. However, few studies have examined media coverage of male participation in so-called ＂gender inappropriate＂ sports. This research seeks to fill a gap in literature by exploring gender cues presented in the televised coverage of male and female figure skating events in the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. The findings from this research indicate that male athletes who cross gender barriers to participate in a feminine sport are likely to receive gender-marked stereotypical televised coverage. Much of the significant findings indicate that male figure skaters were visually and verbally portrayed as more feminine than the female figure skaters. The study opens lines of research into how sports are portrayed and could potentially influence sport marketing, athlete endorsements, athlete wardrobe, and other decisions made by the media, athletes, and individuals working in the sport industry.

关键词： gender stereotypes athletes figure skating televised coverage

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Effect of spatial scale and topography on spatial heterogeneity of soil seed banks under grazing disturbance in a sandy grassland of Horqin Sand Land, Northern china

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第2期4卷 151-160页

作者： XiaoAn ZUO ShaoKun WANG XueYong ZHAO WenJin LI Johannes KNOPS amy KOcHSlEK Naiman Desertification Research Station Cold and Arid Regions of Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chi- nese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology CAREERI Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology of Ministry of Education Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln 62588 USA

Soil seed banks play an important role in the distribution and composition of plant communities in semiarid grassland ecosystems. However, information on how spatial scale influences the spatial heterogeneity of soil seed banks in a grassland under grazing disturbance is still lacking. Based on field sampling and greenhouse germination, we measured the species composition and seed density of soil seed banks at different spatial scales （30 mx30 m, 30 mx60 m and 30 mx90 m） along a topographical gradient in a sandy grassland in Horqin Sand Land, Northern china. By applying geostatistical methods, we examined how spatial scale and topography affected the spatial distribution of soil seed banks in the study area. Our results showed that the total number of species in soil seed banks, as well as the number of dominant annuals, increased with the increase of spatial scales. Seed density in soil seed banks decreased with the increase of spatial scales due to an increase in the slopes and relative heights of the sampling points. Geostatistical analysis showed that the relative structural variance （c/（c0＋c）） of seed density and species richness were over 65% for all spatial scales, indicating that these variables had an ob- vious spatial autocorrelation and the spatial structured variance accounted for the largest proportion of the total sample variance. Spatial autocorrelation of seed density in soil seed banks increased with the increase of measured scales, while that of species richness showed a reverse trend. These results suggest that the total number of spe- cies in soil seed banks is spatial scale dependent and lower topography may accommodate more seeds. Spatial distribution of seed density in soil seed banks is also scale dependent due to topographic variation. Grassland management, therefore, needs to consider local grazing disturbance regime, spatial scale and topography.

关键词： sandy grassland grazing disturbance topographic variation seed density species richness scale dependence Inner Mongolia

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Understanding Interfacial chemistry Interactions in Energy-Dense Lithium-Ion Electrodes

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Accounts of Materials Research 2023年第2期4卷 156-167页

作者： Donghee Gueon Miguel A.Gonzalez Kenneth J.Takeuchi Esther S.Takeuchi amy c.Marschilok Elsa Reichmanis Department of chemical and Bimolecular Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvania 18015United States School of chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia 30332United States Interdisciplinary Science Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNew York 11973United States Institute for Energy Sustainability and Equity Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York 11794United States Department of Material Science and chemical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York 11794United States Department of chemistry Stony Brook UniversityStony Brook 11794United States

For the past two decades,conversion and alloying-type materials have been heralded as the natural heir to commercially available graphite anodes due to their ability to deliver high gravimetric/volumetric *** of batteries with these high-energy-density active materials could impact a variety of sectors including electric vehicles,grid storage,and consumer electronics and contribute toward an ever-increasing electrified ***,the various failure mechanisms from inherent interfacial chemical instabilities associated with these materials make them unable to be merely substituted into currently available electrode fabrication and formulation processing *** a result,realizing the high theoretical capacity and achieving commercial viability of these materials will rely on the careful manipulation of interfacial chemical interactions that dictate and control various kinetic and transport processes across multiple scales of the composite *** has led to a plethora of research that has focused on systematically understanding properties of the different electrode components and designing carefully constructed electrode formulations to achieve composite electrodes with increased chemical stability,enhanced local mixed conductivities,or improved mechanical *** Account relates recent progress in the understanding of synergetic opportunities for energy-dense,resilient composite *** understanding the interplay between components of the composite electrode,we can construct enhanced well-integrated electrodes with performance metrics that surpass empirically derived *** to the increased complexity of high-volume-expanding electrodes,performance is more than the cumulative contributions of the individual components,and therefore energy and compatibility matching are important for robust electrochemical performance across cycling,rate capability,facile lithium-ion transport,and *** this Account,sy

关键词： composite interfacial electrode

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Investigating the Physiological Mechanisms between Resistance Training and Pain Relief in the cancer Population: A Literature Review

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Journal of cancer Therapy 2023年第2期14卷 80-101页

作者： Yvonne Jiang Peter c. Angeletti amy J. Hoffman college of Arts and Sciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Nebraska center for Virology University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA college of Nursing University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA

This literature review examines the mechanisms of how exercise, specifically in the form of resistance training, may lead to pain relief in the cancer population. Primary data from three different cancer populations: breast, prostate, and lung, will be examined. A number of experimental studies have been conducted to confirm the effectiveness of resistance training on pain relief as well as the biochemical pathways that relate to this process. In this review, we will examine 5 randomized controlled trials. For the purposes of this review, pain is defined as physical suffering or discomfort associated with illness. Pain is the body’s natural signal, bringing attention to damage that has been sustained by tissues. However, chronic pain is common in the cancer population, and often serves no good purpose but instead will negatively impact both physical and mental health. The three types of pain: nociceptive, neuropathic, and inflammatory pathways have been investigated, and the knowledge of pain mechanisms allows for the understanding of how it is associated with pain. The purpose of this exploratory literature review is to give insight on how to maximize pain-relieving effects of resistance training. Research has indicated that resistance training modulates pain pathways by upregulating the release of pain-relieving substances including beta-endorphins, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and endocannabinoids. Understanding of the benefits of resistance training may be useful in relieving cancer pain, and reproducing effects of pain-relieving strategies while minimizing the symptoms related to cancer and its treatment.

关键词： Lung cancer Breast cancer Prostate cancer Exercise Physical Activity cancer Pain Symptoms Pain Relief Resistance Training Pain Relief Biochemical Pathway

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WE WANT TO DO THE SAME THING

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china's Tibet 2013年第5期24卷 34-41页

作者： amy

At first,Liu Yuan gave me the impression that she must be a"health nut"because at the dining table,she drank neither wine nor other beverages,just *** started her meal with vegetables and finished it with meat.I asked her what she had studied and,as expected,she answered’medicine’.I continued by asking her how to refuse a toast...and she gave me the simple response:"insist".As we returned to Songpan from Hongyuan and Ruoergai,Lv Qiang,Director of the New Lotus

关键词：成都理工大学中国传统医学博士学位薄层色谱法科研基金药用植物内容识别川贝母

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Ileal profile of non-starch polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in response to exogenous enzymes in broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 207-215页

作者： Eunjoo Kim amy F.Moss Natalie K.Morgan Kosar Gharib-Naseri Peter Ader Mingan choct School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia BASF SE 68623LampertheimGermany

The present study evaluated the impacts of fibre-degrading enzymes on the profiles of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)and oligosaccharides(OS)in the ileum of broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge.A 224 factorial arrangement of treatments was *** were the following:NE challenge,no or yes;diet type,wheat-or maizebased;and supplemental enzymes,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Birds in the challenged group were inoculated with Eimeria on d 9 and clostridium perfringens on d 14 and 15.A 3-way interaction(P=0.047)occurred on overall(d 0 to 16)weight *** NE was present,all the supplemental enzymes increased weight gain in birds fed the wheat-based diet;whereas in those fed the maize-based diet supplemental XYN10 and XYN11 decreased weight *** NE was absent,birds fed the wheat-based diet supplemented with XYN10 or MAN presented increased weight gain compared to non-supplemented birds,but no improvements with enzyme addition were observed in birds fed the maize-based diet.A 3-way interaction(P=0.002)was observed on insoluble NSP level in the *** NE was absent,all the supplemental enzymes reduced the ileal level of insoluble NSP,regardless of diet *** the challenged birds,supplementing XYN10 and MAN reduced insoluble NSP level in the ileum,but only in birds fed the wheat-based *** soluble NSP level was reduced by supplemental XYN11 and MAN,but only in birds fed the wheatbased diet,resulting in a 2-way diet typeenzyme interaction(Pced bird performance regardless of NE challenge,with XYN11 significantly increasing oligosaccharide ***,enzyme addition did not improve growth performance in birds fed maize-based diet

关键词： Broiler chicken Non-starch polysaccharide Subclinical necrotic enteritis Oligosaccharide

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Monitoring Heavy Metals near Wastewater Facility in Delaware Inland Bays Tidal canal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第8期9卷 985-998页

作者： amy c. cannon Lathadevi K. chintapenta Gulnihal Ozbay Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources Delaware State University Dover DE USA

NOAA National Status and Trends Mussel Watch Report indicate the Delaware Bay has regionally medium levels of cd and high levels of Pb. Environment New Jersey, a non-profit environmental group, reported the Delaware River, providing drinking water to millions, as the fifth most-polluted river in the country. These concerns resulted in this study monitoring water quality conditions near a wastewater facility in Delaware. Physical water quality parameters were measured, along with heavy metals cd and Pb. Mean metal levels were consistently low at the wastewater discharge (1.3 μg/L cd, 5.1 μg/L Pb), and high at the control location (9.2 μg/L cd and 11.5 μg/L of Pb). Relationships were observed between heavy metals, salinity and pH levels. Results suggest water treated by the facility does not pose heavy metal contamination risks to the Lewes Rehoboth canal. Further studies are warranted to seek heavy metal sources at the control point, farthest from the waste water treatment facility.

关键词： Heavy Metals cadmium Lead Receiving Waters Impacts Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment

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Thick Electrode Design for Facile Electron and Ion Transport:Architectures,Advanced characterization,and Modeling

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第4期3卷 472-483页

作者： David J.Arnot Karthik S.Mayilvahanan Zeyu Hui Kenneth J.Takeuchi amy c.Marschilok David c.Bock Lei Wang Alan c.West Esther S.Takeuchi Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy and Department of Materials Science and chemical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York 11794United States Department of chemical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew York 10027United States Interdisciplinary Science Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNew York 11973United States

cONSPEcTUS:The demand for lithium ion batteries continues to expand for powering applications such as portable electronics,grid-scale energy storage,and electric *** the application requirements advance,the innovation of lithium ion batteries toward higher energy density and power output is *** with the investigation of new materials,an important strategy for increasing battery energy content is to design electrodes with high areal loading to minimize the fraction of nonactive materials such as current collectors,separators,and packaging components,resulting in significant gains in energy content and the reduction of the system-level ***,the adoption of thick high areal loading electrodes has been impeded by sluggish charge transport and mechanical *** conventional slurry cast electrodes,battery function significantly deteriorates with increases in electrode thickness due to high cell polarization and the incomplete utilization of active ***,a consideration of approaches that facilitate an understanding and eventual adoption of high-loading electrodes is warranted to enable the deliberate advancement of next-generation batteries.

关键词： battery lithium Electron

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