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Evolution and Prospects of Foundation Models: From Large Language Models to Large Multimodal Models

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 1753-1808页

作者： Zheyi Chen Liuchang Xu Hongting Zheng Luyao Chen amr tolba Liang Zhao Keping Yu Hailin Feng College of Mathematics and Computer Science Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou311300China Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Mathematics and Computer Science Department Faculty of ScienceMenofia UniversityShebin El KomMenoufia Governorate32511Egypt School of Computer Science Shenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang110136China Graduate School of Science and Engineering Hosei UniversityTokyo184-8584Japan

Since the 1950s,when the Turing Test was introduced,there has been notable progress in machine language *** modeling,crucial for AI development,has evolved from statistical to neural models over the last two ***,transformer-based Pre-trained Language Models(PLM)have excelled in Natural Language Processing(NLP)tasks by leveraging large-scale training *** the scale of these models enhances performance significantly,introducing abilities like context learning that smaller models *** advancement in Large Language Models,exemplified by the development of ChatGPT,has made significant impacts both academically and industrially,capturing widespread societal *** survey provides an overview of the development and prospects from Large Language Models(LLM)to Large Multimodal Models(LMM).It first discusses the contributions and technological advancements of LLMs in the field of natural language processing,especially in text generation and language ***,it turns to the discussion of LMMs,which integrates various data modalities such as text,images,and sound,demonstrating advanced capabilities in understanding and generating cross-modal content,paving new pathways for the adaptability and flexibility of AI ***,the survey highlights the prospects of LMMs in terms of technological development and application potential,while also pointing out challenges in data integration,cross-modal understanding accuracy,providing a comprehensive perspective on the latest developments in this field.

关键词： Artificial intelligence large language models large multimodal models foundation models

3D Road Network Modeling and Road Structure Recognition in Internet of Vehicles

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1365-1384页

作者： Dun Cao Jia Ru Jian Qin amr tolba Jin Wang Min Zhu College of Computer and Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China Department of Computer Science Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia College of Information Science and Technology Zhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhou310015China

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a new system that enables individual vehicles to connect with nearby vehicles,people, transportation infrastructure, and networks, thereby realizing amore intelligent and efficient transportationsystem. The movement of vehicles and the three-dimensional (3D) nature of the road network cause the topologicalstructure of IoV to have the high space and time *** modeling and structure recognition for 3Droads can benefit the description of topological changes for IoV. This paper proposes a 3Dgeneral roadmodel basedon discrete points of roads obtained from GIS. First, the constraints imposed by 3D roads on moving vehicles areanalyzed. Then the effects of road curvature radius (Ra), longitudinal slope (Slo), and length (Len) on speed andacceleration are studied. Finally, a general 3D road network model based on road section features is *** paper also presents intersection and road section recognition methods based on the structural features ofthe 3D road network model and the road features. Real GIS data from a specific region of Beijing is adopted tocreate the simulation scenario, and the simulation results validate the general 3D road network model and therecognitionmethod. Therefore, thiswork makes contributions to the field of intelligent transportation by providinga comprehensive approach tomodeling the 3Droad network and its topological changes in achieving efficient trafficflowand improved road safety.

关键词： Internet of vehicles road networks 3D road model structure recognition GIS

A Pricing-Based Cooperative Relay Selection Scheme for Reliable Communications

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China Communications 2024年第8期21卷 30-44页

作者： Xiao Yulong Wu Yu amr tolba Chen Ziqiang Li Tengfei School of Communications and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China School of Cyber Security and Information Law Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Department of Computer Science Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11437Saudi Arabia

With the rapid development and application of energy harvesting technology,it has become a prominent research area due to its significant benefits in terms of green environmental protection,convenience,and high safety and ***,the uneven energy collection and consumption among IoT devices at varying distances may lead to resource imbalance within energy harvesting networks,thereby resulting in low energy transmission *** enhance the energy transmission efficiency of IoT devices in energy harvesting,this paper focuses on the utilization of collaborative communication,along with pricing-based incentive mechanisms and auction *** propose a dynamic relay selection scheme,including a ladder pricing mechanism based on energy level and a Kuhn-Munkre Algorithm based on an auction theory employing a negotiation mechanism,to encourage more IoT devices to participate in the collaboration *** results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms traditional algorithms in terms of improving the energy efficiency of the system.

关键词： cooperative communication edge net-work energy harvesting relay selection

A Reliable and Scalable Internet of Military Things Architecture

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 3887-3906页

作者： Omar Said amr tolba Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of ScienceMenoufia UniversityShebin Elkoum32511Egypt

Recently,Internet of Things(IoT)technology has provided logistics services to many disciplines such as agriculture,industry,and ***,it has become one of the most important scientific research *** IoT to military domain has many challenges such as fault tolerance and *** this paper,IoT technology is applied on the military field to create an Internet of Military Things(IoMT)***,the architecture of the aforementioned IoMT system is *** architecture consists of four main layers:Communication,information,application,and decision *** layers provided a fault tolerant coverage communication system for IoMT ***,it implemented data reduction methods such as filtering,compression,abstraction,and data prioritization queuing system to guarantee QoS for the transmitted ***,it used decision support technology and IoMT application unification ***,to evaluate the IoMT system,an intensive simulation environment is constructed using the network simulation package,*** simulation results proved that the proposed IoMT system outperformed the traditional military system with regard to the performance metrics,packet loss,end-to-end delay,throughput,energy consumption ratio,and data reduction rate.

关键词： Internet of things internet of military things simulation military battlefield

A Position-Aware Transformer for Image Captioning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 2065-2081页

作者： Zelin Deng Bo Zhou Pei He Jianfeng Huang Osama Alfarraj amr tolba School of Computer and Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China School of Computer Science and Cyber Engineering Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou510006China Advanced Forming Research Centre University of StrathclydeRenfrewshirePA49LJGlasgowUnited Kingdom Department of Computer Science Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of ScienceMenoufia UniversityEgypt

Image captioning aims to generate a corresponding description of an *** recent years,neural encoder-decodermodels have been the dominant approaches,in which the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and Long Short TermMemory(LSTM)are used to translate an image into a natural language *** these approaches,the visual attention mechanisms are widely used to enable deeper image understanding through fine-grained analysis and even multiple steps of ***,most conventional visual attention mechanisms are based on high-level image features,ignoring the effects of other image features,and giving insufficient consideration to the relative positions between image *** this work,we propose a Position-Aware Transformer model with image-feature attention and position-aware attention mechanisms for the above *** image-feature attention firstly extracts multi-level features by using Feature Pyramid Network(FPN),then utilizes the scaled-dot-product to fuse these features,which enables our model to detect objects of different scales in the image more effectivelywithout increasing *** the position-aware attentionmechanism,the relative positions between image features are obtained at first,afterwards the relative positions are incorporated into the original image features to generate captions more *** are carried out on the MSCOCO dataset and our approach achieves competitive BLEU-4,METEOR,ROUGE-L,CIDEr scores compared with some state-of-the-art approaches,demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.

关键词： Deep learning image captioning transformer attention position-aware

A Novel Secure Scan Design Based on Delayed Physical Unclonable Function

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 6605-6622页

作者： Weizheng Wang Xingxing Gong Xiangqi Wang Gwang-jun Kim Fayez Alqahtani amr tolba School of Computer and Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China College of Information Science and Engineering Hunan Women’s UniversityChangsha410138China College of Mathematics and Computational Science Hunan First Normal UniversityChangsha410138China Department of Computer Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Korea Software Engineering Department College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh12372Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia

The advanced integrated circuits have been widely used in various situations including the Internet of Things,wireless communication,*** its manufacturing process exists unreliability,so cryptographic chips must be rigorously *** to scan testing provides high test coverage,it is applied to the testing of cryptographic integrated ***,while providing good controllability and observability,it also provides attackers with a backdoor to steal *** the text,a novel protection scheme is put forward to resist scan-based attacks,in which we first use the responses generated by a strong physical unclonable function circuit to solidify fuseantifuse structures in a non-linear shift register(NLSR),then determine the scan input code according to the configuration of the fuse-antifuse structures and the styles of connection between the NLSR cells and the scan *** the key is right,the chip can be tested normally;otherwise,the data in the scan chain cannot be propagated normally,it is also impossible for illegal users to derive the desired scan *** proposed technique not only enhances the security of cryptographic chips,but also incurs acceptable overhead.

关键词： Cryptographic chips scan testing scan-based attacks hardware security PUF

Secure and Efficient Data Transmission Scheme Based on Physical Mechanism

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 3589-3605页

作者： Ping Zhang Haoran Zhu Wenjun Li Osama Alfarraj amr tolba Gwang-jun Kim School of Computer Science Hunan University of Technology and BusinessChangsha410205China School of Computer&Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science&TechnologyChangsha410004China Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Korea

Many Internet of things application scenarios have the characteristics of limited hardware resources and limited energy supply,which are not suitable for traditional security *** security technology based on the physicalmechanism has attracted extensive *** to improve the key generation rate has always been one of the urgent problems to be solved in the security technology based on the physical *** this paper,superlattice technology is introduced to the security field of Internet of things,and a high-speed symmetric key generation scheme based on superlattice for Internet of things is *** order to ensure the efficiency and privacy of data transmission,we also combine the superlattice symmetric key and compressive sensing technology to build a lightweight data transmission scheme that supports data compression and data encryption at the same *** analysis and experimental evaluation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to the most closely related work.

关键词： Data transmission key generation data privacy compressive sensing Internet of Things(IoT)

A Sustainable WSN System with Heuristic Schemes in IIoT

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 4215-4231页

作者： Wenjun Li Siyang Zhang Guangwei Wu Aldosary Saad amr tolba Gwang-jun Kim School of Computer and Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China College of Computer and Information Engineering Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha410114China Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Mathematics and Computer Science Department Faculty of ScienceMenoufia UniversityEgypt Department of Computer Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Korea

Recently, the development of Industrial Internet of Things hastaken the advantage of 5G network to be more powerful and more ***, the upgrading of 5G network will cause a variety of issues increase,one of them is the increased cost of coverage. In this paper, we proposea sustainable wireless sensor networks system, which avoids the problemsbrought by 5G network system to some extent. In this system, deployingrelays and selecting routing are for the sake of communication and *** main aim is to minimize the total energy-cost of communication underthe precondition, where each terminal with low-power should be charged byat least one relay. Furthermore, from the perspective of graph theory, weextract a combinatorial optimization problem from this system. After that,as to four different cases, there are corresponding different versions of theproblem. We give the proofs of computational complexity for these problems,and two heuristic algorithms for one of them are proposed. Finally, theextensive experiments compare and demonstrate the performances of thesetwo algorithms.

关键词： Industrial Internet of Things sustainable wireless sensor network system combinatorial optimization problem heuristic algorithms

A Fast and Effective Multiple Kernel Clustering Method on Incomplete Data

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 267-284页

作者： Lingyun Xiang Guohan Zhao Qian Li Gwang-Jun Kim Osama Alfarraj amr tolba Changsha Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Processing of Big Data on Transportation School of Computer and Communication EngineeringChangsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China Hunan Key Laboratory of Smart Roadway and Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Systems Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology Global Big Data Technologies CentreUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW2007Australia Department of Computer Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Korea Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of ScienceMenoua UniversityShebin-El-kom32511Egyp

Multiple kernel clustering is an unsupervised data analysis method that has been used in various scenarios where data is easy to be collected but hard to be ***,multiple kernel clustering for incomplete data is a critical yet challenging *** the existing absent multiple kernel clustering methods have achieved remarkable performance on this task,they may fail when data has a high value-missing rate,and they may easily fall into a local *** address these problems,in this paper,we propose an absent multiple kernel clustering(AMKC)method on incomplete *** AMKC method rst clusters the initialized incomplete ***,it constructs a new multiple-kernel-based data space,referred to as K-space,from multiple sources to learn kernel combination ***,it seamlessly integrates an incomplete-kernel-imputation objective,a multiple-kernel-learning objective,and a kernel-clustering objective in order to achieve absent multiple kernel *** three stages in this process are carried out simultaneously until the convergence condition is *** on six datasets with various characteristics demonstrate that the kernel imputation and clustering performance of the proposed method is signicantly better than state-of-the-art ***,the proposed method gains fast convergence speed.

关键词： Multiple kernel clustering absent-kernel imputation incomplete data kernel k-means clustering