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International Journal of Geosciences 2015年第7期6卷 675-691页

作者： Adrien Gozo Mahamadane Diène Dinna Pathé Diallo Edmond Dioh Mamadou gueye Papa Moussa Ndiaye Département de Géologie Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Institut des Sciences de la Terre Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (IFAN) Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The calc-alkaline volcanic formations in the western part of the Kedougou-Kenieba inlier crop out in three complexes: the Foulde in the North and the areas of Mako and Baniomba in the South. These complexes which either combine with the tholeiites or cut across the sedimentary formations are composed of thin veins and massive lava flows. They have many petrographic similarities and show chemical characteristics that resemble those of island-arc rocks. At the tectonic level, the D1 deformation phase preceding the formation of the basins and the transpressive tectonics including an oblique convergence may account for the structural evolution of the Mako volcanic belt. Its occurrence in different basins may be evidenced by the composition of some lithophilic components like the Sr, Ba, U, Rb and the composition of clinopyroxenes enriched in TiO2, FeO, Na2O in the Foulde calc-alkaline volcanic rocks that developed in a sedimentary environment.

关键词： Volcanism Calc-Alkaline Kedougou-Kenieba Inlier Tectonic Stress Transpressive Tectonics

<i>Nymphaea lotus</i>L. and <i>Nymphaea micrantha</i>Guill. et Perr Seeds as Cereal Substitute in the Delta of Senegal River

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第5期11卷 375-384页

作者： Fatou Kine gueye Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Mame Samba Mbaye Michel Bakar Diop Mady Cissé Kandioura Noba Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversité Biologie Végétale University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et des Procédés Membranaires/Centre d’Etudes sur la Sécurité Alimentaire et les Molécules Fonctionnelles-Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Unité de formation et de Recherche des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires University Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Senegal

Studies conducted in the delta and lower valley of Senegal river have demonstrated through ethnobotanical surveys, the importance of Nymphaea lotus L. and Nymphaea micrantha Guill. et Perr in the diet and in the pharmacopoeia. The seeds are used with good appreciation by the indigenous population as a welding food. But studies addressing their biochemical and nutritional aspects are still very rare in the literature. This study was initiated in order to fill this gap and allow a better appreciation of the nutritional and energetic potentialities of these seeds. For this purpose, seeds were collected in effluent from the Senegal River, dried in the shade and put into three different batches: a batch of red seeds of N. lotus, a batch of Black seeds of N. lotus and a batch of seeds of N. micrantha. The biochemical analyses gave their moisture content (9.17% ± 0.2% to 13.36% ± 3.46%), aw (0.46% to 0.71%), protein (7.90% ± 1.25% to 8.24% ± 0.5%), lipid (2.32% ± 0.45% to 4.29% ± 1.0%), carbohydrate (74.49% ± 0.9% and 77.66% ± 1.65%), mineral matter (1.77% ± 0.06% to 2.55% ± 0.08%). All three types of seeds have high levels of potassium (481.10% ± 17.62% to 770.81% ± 42.33%), magnesium (312.71% ± 14.08% to 518.67% ± 15.23%) and calcium (188.81% ± 8.52% to 296.52% ± 16%. Their energy values (350.54 ± 15.21 kcal/100g to 375.7 ± 3.48 Kcal/100g), are closed to other cereals consumed in the human diet in Senegal. Therefore, these seeds offer the opportunity to diversify the diet in the delta and lower valley of the Senegal River.

关键词： Nymphaea Seeds Nutritional Value Senegal

Analysis of Maternal Deaths in Suburban of Dakar, Senegal

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第5期11卷 523-528页

作者： Abdoul Aziz Diouf Omar Gassama Moussa Diallo Mohamed T. Diadhiou Simon Birame Ndour Mamour gueye Alassane Diouf Pikine National Hospital Thiaroye Dakar Senegal Aristide Le Dantec Teatching Hospital Dakar Senegal Phillipe Maguilen Senghor Hospital Yoff Dakar Senegal

Objective: Maternal mortality remains a major concern in developing countries. This survey aims to suggest strategic plans that would help decrease maternal and perinatal mortality in the suburbs. It is a descriptive study that shows the different causes of maternal deaths during pregnancy and puerperium period. Methods: It is a retrospective descriptive study done between January 1st 2016 and the 31st of December 2018. We have collected information on all deaths due to mortality issues in Five (5) maternity clinics around Dakar. The record shows that teach centre have an average of 4000 deliveries per year. The data collected from the hospital records were inputted using Sphinx software (version 5). These data were analysed using Epi Info software (version 3.5). After analysing these data, recommendations were made to minimize the different causes of maternal deaths. Results: We recorded 154 maternal deaths out of 32,420 live births. The direct causes of maternal deaths were a result of preeclampsia and its complications (31.2%), postpartum haemorrhage (24.7%), abruption placentae (20.8%) and obstructed labour (7.8%). The indirect causes were mainly sickle cell disease (1.3%), heart disease (1.3%) and gynaecological cancers (1.3%). Maternal deaths were also associated with fetal loss in 47.4% of 153 maternal deaths, need for blood transfusion 59% while none of the reference structures in the suburbs of Dakar has a blood bank;with a need for admission in intensive care unit was noted as 40%.

关键词： Maternal Mortality Preeclampsia Haemorrhage Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care Senegal

Identification of Natural and Artificial Colorants in Industrial Products Marketed in Senegal

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1232-1243页

作者： Alé Kane Papa Amadou Diakhaté Ngoné Fall Bèye Alioune Sow Coumba gueye Sagna Mady Cissé Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM) Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Sénégal Département des Technologies Agroalimentaires UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Saint-Louis Sénégal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar Sénégal

Food colorants are widely used in the food industry to maintain or enhance product color. However, as the use of these colorants can have negative impacts on health, it is essential to analyze the risks associated with their consumption. This analysis requires, among other things, obtaining sufficient data on the presence of these colorants in foods, as well as their level of consumption. However, data on these colorants is often virtually non-existent in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the colorant profile of industrial products marketed in Senegal. Information on food additives was collected on 399 labels of different food product categories in shops located in Dakar. Data is recorded and processed using Excel software. Based on the Codex classification, analysis of the profile of additives identified on the labels of food samples revealed the presence of 31 colorants. The natural colorants identified are dominated by beta-carotene, widely present in beverages and dairy products, and paprika extract identified on cookies and industrial sauces. Artificial colors are dominated caramels present in several foods including bouillons, vinegars, sauces and hard candies. Secondly, there was a strong presence of the azo dye Sunset yellow FCF, widely found in samples of beverages, confectionery and cookies. The results of this case study enable us to appreciate the wide presence and diversity of colorants on the Senegalese market, and the importance of controlling them to guarantee consumer safety.

关键词： Colorant Artificial Natural Food Additives Food Safety

Treatment of Kidney Stones by Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Evaluation of the Results of the First Series of Our Experience in the Urology Department of the Idrissa Pouye General Hospital in Dakar

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 104-114页

作者： Mouhamadou Moustapha Mbodji Mohamed Jalloh Medina Ndoye Abdourahmane Diallo Issa Labou Lamine Niang Serigne Magueye gueye Department of Urology and Andrology Hospital General Idrissa Pouye Dakar Senegal

The principle of PCNL is the extraction through a nephrostomy channel of kidney stones which are defined as the presence of crystalline concretions in the kidneys. Objectives: The objective of this work was to study the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical aspects of patients with renal lithiasis treated by PCNL and on the other hand the different technical aspects of PCNL. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study, conducted in the urology department of HOGIP, covering the period from January 2015 to January 2019. We studied the demographic and clinical aspects of patients presenting renal lithiasis;we also studied the technical aspects and treatment outcomes. Statistical significance was set for α = 0.05. Results: Our series covered 82 PCNLs performed during the study period. The average age was 45.95 years, the age group [40 - 49 years] was more affected. Our study involved 44 men and 38 women, a sex ratio of 1.15. At the clinic, atypical lumbar pain was more frequent in 45.83% of cases. On URO-CT, the calculations were located more at the pyelic level (31.2%) and lower caliceal (27.2%). The size of stones measured between 15 and 20 mm in 30.52%. The stone density was between 500 and 1000 HU in 47.54% of cases. Intraoperatively, the patients were placed in lateral decubitus in 41.46% of cases. Only one access to the kidney was necessary in 87.8% of cases. The lithoclast was used in 65.85% of cases. The overall success rate (stone free) in our series was 96%. The majority of cases, 41.44%, drainage were done by natural means (totally tubeless). The average duration was 92 minutes. The complications encountered in our experience concerned 10 cases, a rate of 12.19%. Conclusion: Urinary lithiasis is more and more frequent in our regions. The development of Endo-urology offers several therapeutic options. Thus, PCNL occupies an important place in the management of kidney stones.

关键词： HOGIP Kidney Stones PCNL Stone Free Uro CT Scan

A New Method for the Determination of Cyanide Ions and Their Quantification in Some Senegalese Cassava Varieties

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2014年第3期5卷 181-187页

作者： Younoussa Diallo Momar Talla gueye Cheikh Ndiaye Mama Sakho Amadou Kane Jean Paul Barthelemy Georges Lognay Département Génie Chimique et Biologie Appliquée Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sénégal Institut de Technologie Alimentaire Route des Pères Maristes Dakar Sénégal Unité Analyses Qualité Risques et Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Université de Liège Gembloux Belgique

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a starchy staple food that previous researches have showed to contain cyanogenic compounds, precursors of hydrocyanic acid, undoubtedly toxic for humans. With the aim to determine food security in cassava, this study developed a simple, fast and less expensive step for quantifying cyanide ions by using micro-diffusion with modified Conway cells. After an enzymatic degradation, the cyanide ions were quantified by electrochemical procedures. The validation of this method is estimated. The concentration of cyanide ions at different part of the samples was determined. The results showed high toxicity in some fresh Senegalese consumed cassava varieties (>100 mg HCN·kg﹣1). However, in the processed cassava products, less than 10 mg HCN·kg﹣1 was found in the different varieties studied except for the chips where the levels of CN﹣ contents were important (>49 mg HCN·kg﹣1).

关键词： Cassava Cyanogenic Glycosides Cyanide Ion Micro-Diffusion Toxicity

Complete Urethral Duplicity: A Rare Cause of Urinary Incontinence, New Type According to Effman’s Classification

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Open Journal of Urology 2015年第10期5卷 182-187页

作者： Kimassoum Rimtebaye Franklin Danki Sillong Arya Zarif Agah Tashkand Mignagnal Kaboro Lamine Niang Serigne Magueye gueye Hô pital Général de Référence Nationale (HGRN) de N’Djaména N’Djaména Tchad Hô pital Protestant de N’Gaoundéré N’Gaoundéré Cameroun Hô pital Général de Grand Yoff (HOGGY) de Dakar Dakar Senegal

Aim: To describe the clinical, anatomical, therapeutic aspects and propose a diagram of a new type of a complete urethral duplicity in classification of Effman. Material and Methods: This was a case report of a 14-year-old patient who suffered from birth of incontinence occurring while sitting with concept of preservation of normal urination. The patient was carrying two urethral meatus, one continent and the other incontinent. The two urethral meatus were easy to catheterize. The imagery was non-contributory. Resection of accessory urethra helped to make the patient continent. Informed consent was obtained from the patient’s parents for the surgical management, the anonymous use of record and photographs for scientific aims. Results: The diagnosis of urethral duplicity was retained. An explanatory approach is reported, a new scheme is proposed to improve the classification of Effman. Conclusion: The urethral duplicity is a rare urogenital abnormality whose etiology and pathophysiology are not fully understood and has not finished delivering the secret of his classification.

关键词： Urethral Duplication Epispadias Penis Kinking Notochord Sphincter

Clinicobiological Profile and Management Outcomes of Male Subfertility

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Open Journal of Urology 2015年第11期5卷 207-212页

作者： Kimassoum Rimtebaye Franklin Danki Sillong Arya Zarif Agah Tashkand Mignagnal Kaboro Lamine Niang Serigne Magueye gueye National General Referral Hospital of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Prostestant Hospital of N’Gaoundéré N’Gaoundéré Cameroon General Hospital of Grand Yoff of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: We aim to determine the epidemiology, clinical, paraclinical and etiologic aspects and to evaluate the management of male subfertility in urology. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of 137 patients referred to the urology department for male sub-fertility over a period of 4 years. The analyzed variables were: clinical, paraclinical characteristics and the post therapeutic evolution. Results: The mean age was 38.41 years (range: 24 to 67 years). The semen analysis was normal in 18 patients. The semen analysis showed oligoasthenozoospermia (45.3%) and total azoospermia (24.8%). Disease history was represented by: gonorrhea (27.7%), urogenital schistosomiasis (13.2%) and hernia repair (1.2%). The hormonal test showed abnormal hormone levels including: FSH (43.8%), LH (46.7%), testosterone (36.5%), prolactin (22.6%). The incriminated etiologic factors were: varicocele (5.8 %), smoking (23.7%), alcohol intake (25.4%) and sexually transmitted diseases (42.3%). The treatment was medical in 67.9% and surgical in 32.1% of cases. After a year of follow up, 13.9% of patient’s wives were pregnant. Conclusion: Male subfertility is common in Chad. The causes are numerous and diverse. The treatment is etiology based. A better management of sexually transmitted diseases and urogenital schistosomiasis is the best way to prevent it.

关键词： Subfertility Andrology Hormone Semen Analysis Varicocele

Intake Nutritional Variabilities of Saba senegalensis Fruits

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第10期13卷 826-834页

作者： Sarr Médoune Gaye Diouf Paul Ayessou Nicolas Cyrille Cissé Mady Sakho Mama Diop Codou gueye Mar Université Cheikh Anta Diop Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Centre d’Etudes sur la Sécurité Alimentaire et le Développement des Molécules fonctionnelles (CESAM) Dakar Fann Sénégal Université Assane Seck de Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Sénégal

Saba senegalensis is a popular wild fruit;which is consumed as such or transformed into various products. Despite its economic potential, its nutritional potential is unknown. The objective of this study is to characterize its fruits according to Senegal’s main production areas. The study included five samples from five geographical areas of Senegal. Parameters measured include pH, protein, lipids, ash, moisture, vitamin C, carotenoids, polyphenols, minerals, and sugars. The results showed that for moisture, proteins, lipids, pH and reducing sugars did not differ significantly (p 0.05%) for all accessions. Vitamin C content varies between 32.86 and 198.22 mg·100g-1, carotenoids with a content of between 5.05 and 9.12 mg·100g-1;polyphenol contents are between 1.17 and 2.56 g·100g-1. The nutritional value of Saba fruits appears to be homogeneous in Senegal. A thorough study of the functional molecules seems necessary for a better appreciation of the potential of this fruit.

关键词： Saba senegalensis Nutrition Vitamine C Polyphénols Carotenoids

Urolithiasis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects in Urology Department of N’Djamena in Chad

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Open Journal of Urology 2015年第11期5卷 199-206页

Introduction: To study the clinical, paraclinical, diagnostic aspects and manage patients with urolithiasis according to the available technical facilities in urology department of N’Djamena in Chad. Urolithiasis is defined as the presence of one or more stony concretions located at any level of a segment of the urinary tract: calyx, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive type of a prospective study over a period of 4 years, from January 2008 to December 2011, involving 233 patients with urolithiasis treated in the urology department. Clinical and paraclinical examinations were the basis for the selection of patients. Informed consent of patient or their parents (for minors) was obtained for the anonymous use of records and photographs for scientific aims. Results: Urolithiasis represented 5.72% (233/4072) of all urological pathologies. Male dominance was significant with a sex ratio of 4.5/1. The age group of 0 - 10 years was the most affected with a staff of 67 (28.75%). The clinic was dominated by dysuria (44.63%), renal colic (33.91%) and hematuria (9.01%). The main anatomical location was bladder (62.23%). The management was essentially medical and surgical. We recorded 7 cases of death or post-interventional hospital mortality rate of 3%. Conclusion: Urolithiasis is a real public health problem in Chad. Due to the inadequacy of the technical platform, the management was based on the open surgery. Etiological research was impossible by lack of technical laboratory platform.

关键词： Urolithiasis Nephrectomy Cystolithotomy Calculi