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Agricultural Water Foot Print and Virtual Water Budget in Iran Related to the Consumption of Crop Products by Conserving Irrigation Efficiency

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第5期4卷 318-324页

作者： Azam Arabi amin Alizadeh Yaser Vahab Rajaee Kazem jam Naser Niknia Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran Regional Water Authority Company of Razavi Khorasan Mashhad Iran Water Engineering Department Azad University of Ferdows Iran Water Engineering Department Shiraz University Shiraz Iran

In this study we estimate agricultural water footprint and its components from consumption perspective in arid and semi-arid region like Iran. This study is based on blue water consumption in irrigated land. Iran has imported net virtual water about 11.64 billion cubic meters (bcm) as international crop trade in 2005-2006. Therefore, Iran has depended on virtual water imports. By conserving about 60% irrigation efficiency, the total water requirement to produce imported crops in Iran is nearly 20.78 billion cubic meters. It is nearly 9 percent of renewable water resources and 12.65% agricultural appropriated water which has added to internal water resources. Agricultural virtual water budget is about 112.78 Gm3/yr. Agricultural water footprint is 110.2 Gm3/yr. About 12.83% of agricultural water footprint of Iran is related to external water resources on the country boundaries. It means external water footprint. Water dependency, water self-sufficiency and water scarcity indexes in agricultural sector of Iran, are estimated 10.1%, 89.9% and 70.8%, respectively.

关键词： Water Footprint Virtual Water Trade Blue Water Resource Water Budget

Sesamum indicum(sesame) enhances NK anti-cancer activity, modulates Th1/Th2 balance, and suppresses macrophage inflammatory response

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2020年第7期10卷 316-324页

作者： amin FMajdalawieh Jenna F.Farraj Ronald I.Carr Department of Biology Chemistryand Environmental SciencesFaculty of Arts and SciencesAmerican University of SharjahSharjahP.O.Box 26666United Arab Emirates Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineSir Charles Tupper Medical BuildingDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada B3H 4R2

Objective:To evaluate the potential immunomodulatory effects of an aqueous extract of Sesamum indicum seeds with regard to splenocyte proliferation,Th1/Th2 balance,macrophage function,and the cytotoxic activity of natural killer(NK)***:Splenocyte proliferation was measured by[~3H]-thymidine *** assay was performed to evaluate the production of nitric oxide by *** levels of cytokines secreted by splenocytes and macrophages were measured by *** assay was performed to examine the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against YAC-1 tumor ***:Sesamum indicum significantly enhanced splenocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent *** indicum also increased and suppressed the secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines,respectively,by *** secretion of key pro-inflammatory mediators(IL-6,TNFα,and nitric oxide)by primary macrophages was significantly inhibited by Sesamum ***,Sesamum indicum increased the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against YAC-1 tumor ***:Sesamum indicum shows potent immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,and anti-cancer *** of Sesamum indicum may be used as effective therapeutic agents in regulating immune reactions implicated in various infectious and noninfectious conditions including cancer.

关键词： Sesamum indicum Anti-cancer Inflammation Immunomodulation Macrophages NK cells

Comparison of Mortality, Length of Stay, and Hospitalization Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Cardiac and Non-Cardiac Disease

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第3期11卷 57-67页

作者： Babak Heidari Aghdam Zahra Kamali Seyedbaglou amin Shams Akhtari Department of Cardiology Jam Hospital Tehran Iran jam Hospital Tehran Iran Department of Emergency Medicine Jam Hospital Tehran Iran Emergency Department of Hervey Bay Hospital Queensland Hervey Bay Australia

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to global healthcare systems. As the pandemic unfolded, it became evident that certain groups of individuals were at an elevated risk of experiencing severe disease outcomes. Among these high-risk groups, individuals with pre-existing cardiac conditions emerged as particularly vulnerable. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the length of stay, mortality, and costs of COVID-19 patients with and without a history of cardiac disease. Design: This retrospective study was conducted in jam Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from March 21, 2021, to March 21, 2022. All patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized during this period were included. Results: A total of 500 COVID-19 patients were hospitalized, with 31.6% having a history of cardiac disease and 68.4% without any cardiac disease. Patients with cardiac disease were significantly older (median [range] age, 69.35 [37 - 94] years) compared to non-cardiac patients (54.95 [13 - 97] years) (p Conclusion: Patients with cardiac disease who are hospitalized with COVID-19 have a higher mortality rate, longer hospital stays, greater disease severity, ICU admission, and higher costs. Therefore, improved prevention and management strategies are crucial for these patients.

关键词： COVID-19 Cardiac Disease Length of Hospital Stay Costs Mortality

BMI-Adjusted Tube Current in Chest CT and Comparison of Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) of Breast Cancer in Two Different BMI-Based Protocols

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第3期11卷 115-125页

作者： amin Shams Akhtari Babak Heidariaghdam Faeze Vahid Alireza Oloumi Latif Gachkar Mehrdad Taghizadeh Seyedeh Hedieh Mousavipaak Clinical Research Development Unit of Loghman Hakim Hospital Tehran Iran Emergency Department of Hervey Bay Hospital Queensland Australia jam Hospital Tehran Iran Independent Researcher Tehran Iran Loghman Hakim Hospital Tehran Iran Department of Basic Sciences Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Branch

Possible strategies to reduce radiation dose during CT scanning have been investigated over recent decades;here the optimization of the tube current and its link with patient’s cancer incidence are being evaluated. 154 consecutive trauma patients with the need for chest CT scan were included. Two different BMI-adjusted CT protocols at a fixed voltage tube and the same scan length were applied. Dose estimation parameters like CT dose index (CTDI), dose length product (DLP) and effective breast dose were calculated. Breast surface dose was obtained by using thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) and eventually, the life attributable risk (LAR) of cancer incidence was estimated. The mean effective dose was 4.87 ± 2.3 mSv and 5.12 ± 2.8 mSv for patients who were scanned with tube currents of 120 mAs and 200 mAs, respectively. There was no significant difference between organ surface doses for females but in males it was notable. The risk of cancer incidence is lower for protocol 1 in comparison with protocol 2. Optimizing tube current of 120 mAs reduced breast surface dose up to 50% in comparison with the tube current of 200 mAs. In trauma patients, using lower tube current based on BMI has notable impact on the absorbed dose in the breast and can reduce the breast cancer risk by nearly 33.6% for women.

关键词： Radiation Dose Trauma Patients Cancer Risk

Comparison of the Use of Conventional and Antibiotic-Coated Tracheal Tubes and EVAC on the Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第3期11卷 45-56页

作者： Mehrdad Taghizadeh amin Shams Akhtari Babak Heidariaghdam Seyedeh Hedieh Mousavipak Siamak Moghadamzadeh Mohammad Reza Haji Esmaili Faeze Vahid Department of Emergency Medicine Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Clinical Research Development Unit of Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Emergency Department of Hervey Bay Hospital Queensland Hervey Bay Australia Department of Cardiology Jam Hospital Tehran Iran Department of Basic Sciences Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Anesthesia Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Independent Researcher Tehran Iran

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most important hospital infections in hospitalized patients, which is associated with increased mortality and patient costs. The tracheal tube itself seems to be a major risk factor for VAP. Contaminated secretions pass through the endotracheal tube and reach the lungs. Also, bacteria form a bacterial biofilm on the tracheal tube and are transferred from there to the lungs. Different tracheal tube designs have been produced to overcome these cases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of an Evac tracheal tube covered with antibiotics and normal on the incidence of pneumonia caused by the ventilator. Research method: 180 patients were randomly intubated in three groups of 60 people with three types of tracheal tubes, Evac and Bactiguard. Clinical examinations, endotracheal tube aspiration culture, and chest radiography were obtained from the patients and the incidence of VAP was calculated based on the CPIS standard. The relationship between the type of endotracheal tube and the incidence of VAP and the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and being discharged alive from the ICU were investigated. Findings and conclusions: The average incidence of VAP for the group of patients intubated with a conventional tracheal tube was 50%, EVAC was 45% and Bactiguard was 40%. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between the incidence of ventilator-induced pneumonia and the type of tracheal tube. The incidence of ventilator-induced pneumonia was not significantly reduced by suctioning subglottic secretions and Bactiguard tracheal tubes. It seems that using one method alone is not effective in reducing ventilator-induced pneumonia.

关键词： Intensive Care Unit Pneumonia Suction Ventilator

Sensory Evaluation of Flavored Soy Milk-Based Yogurt： A Comparison between Jordanian and Malaysian Consumers

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2014年第1期4卷 27-35页

作者： Anas AI-Nabulsi Reyad Shaker Tareq Osaili Mahmoud Al-Taani amin Olaimat Saddam Awaisheh Aisha Abushelaibi Richard Holley Department of Nutrition and Food Technology Faculty of Agriculture Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110Jordan Department of Food Science Collage of Food and Agriculture United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain 15551 UAE Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 UAE Department of Food Science Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada Department of Nutrition and Food Technology A l-Balqa Applied University Al-Salt 19117 Jordan

Soy yogurt has gained significant popularity due to its nutritional health benefits. The objectives of this study were to develop flavored yogurt from soybean milk with reduced soy aftertaste by the addition of 30% （wt/wt） strawberry or orange jam in conjunction with a lactic acid fermentation. Soy milk-based yogurt products were assessed for microbial quality and for acceptability by a panel of Jordanian and Malaysian consumers. Sixty-one individuals, of whom 75.4% （n = 46） were Jordanian and 24.6% （n = 15） were Malaysian, evaluated the plain and flavored soy milk-based yogurt. The overall acceptability of orange and strawberry soy yogurt was rated significantly higher than plain soy yogurt. In general, the orange and strawberry soy yogurt received higher sensory ratings from Malaysian than Jordanian consumers. In addition, formulations with orange jam received higher scores than those flavored with strawberry. Shelf life tests showed that soy yogurt was acceptable for at least 8 d without perceptible spoilage. Therefore, the approach used yielded flavored products with better acceptability and improved sensory attributes, including decreased intensity of off flavor, with suitable shelf life at 4 ℃.

关键词： Soy milk sensory evaluation flavored yogurt shelf life functional food.