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Perfect Single Qubit Mirroring Effects on Two and Three Maximally Entangled Qubits

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2013年第1期59卷 7-10页

作者： M.avila Centro Universitario UAEM Valle de Chalco UAEMex Mar' a IsabelValle de ChalcoEstado de M'exicoCP 56615Mexico

Perfect quantum state mirroring in a chain of N spins is defined as the condition in which the state 丨i 丨of the chain is swapped into the state 丨N - i丨 within a time evolution interval r. Such a phenomenon is an interesting way of transfering entanglement. An expressions for the perfect mirroring of a single qubit contained in a spin chain were proposed in the past. We exploit such an expressions for calculating the evolution times in chains of both two and three spins. In the case of a chain of two qubits, we derive conditions under which the associated four Bell states diagonalize the Hamiltonian. It is found that for the two Bell states 丨Ф＋） and 丨Ф-）, perfect mirroring does not occur （i.e. entanglement is not preserved under swapping）. On the other hand, perfect single qubit mirror effect （entanglement preservation） indeed occurs for the other two Bell states 丨ψ＋） and 丨ψ-） which are mapped into 丨Ф＋） and 丨Ф-） respectively. For the case of a chain of three qubits, the effects of a perfect single qubit mirroring on a set of four maximally entangled three qubit states ψl, ψ2, X1, and X2are studied. Due to the fact that quantum mirroring preserves maximal entanglement, the states ψ1 and ψ2 are not altered. However, quantum mirroring changes the states X1 and X2 only if we apply perfect quantum state mirroring in the site a = 1 of the three qubits spin chain. The above constrains the preservation of maximal entanglement under qubit mirroring of such a state. Due to the fact that swapping has already been experimentally tested, a posible, experimental implementations of single qubit mirroring is possible.

关键词： time evolution of a state perfect quantum state mirroring of a single qubit Bell states Gisinstates quantum mirroring of Bell states quantum mirroring of Gisin states entanglement preset-vation

Biomimetic Control of Mechanical Systems Equipped with Musculotendon Actuators

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2011年第1期8卷 56-68页

作者： Javicr Moreno-Valenzuel Adriana Salinas-avila Instituto Politecnico Naoional-CITEDl Av. del Parque 1310 Mesa de Otay Tianjuana B.C. 22510 Mexico

This paper addresses the problem of modelling, control, and simulation of a mechanical system actuated by an agonist-antagonist musculotendon subsystem. Contraction dynamics is given by case 1 of Zajac＇s model. Saturated semi positive proportional-derivative-type controllers with switching as neural excitation inputs are proposed. Stability theory of switched system and SOSTOOLS, which is a sum of squares optimization toolbox of Matlab, are used to determine the stability of the obtained closed-loop system. To corroborate the obtained theoretical results numerical simulations are carried out. As additional contribution, the discussed ideas are applied to the biomimetic control of a DC motor, i.e., the position control is addressed assuming the presence of musculotendon actuators. Real-experiments corroborate the expected results.

关键词： biomimetie control musculotendon dynamics neural excitation saturation switched systems

Quantum information entropies of the eigenstates for the Pschl-Teller-like potential

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第5期22卷 113-117页

作者： Guo-Hua Sun M. avila Aoki Shi-Hai Dong Centro Universitario Valle de Chalco Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Departamento de Física Escuela Superior de Física y MatemáticsInstituto Politécnico Nacional

Shannon entropy for lower position and momentum eigenstates of Ptschl-Teller-like potential is evaluated. Based on the entropy densities demonstrated graphically, we note that the wave through of the position information entropy density p （x） moves right when the potential parameter V1 increases and its amplitude decreases. However, its wave through moves left with the increase in the potential parameter 丨V2丨. Concerning the momentum information entropy density p（p）, we observe that its amplitude increases with increasing potential parameter V1, but its amplitude decreases with increasing丨V2丨. The Bialynicki-Birula-Mycielski （BBM） inequality has also been tested for a number of states. Moreover, there exist eigenstates that exhibit squeezing in the momentum information entropy. Finally, we note that position information entropy increases with V1, but decreases with 丨V2丨, However, the variation of momentum information entropy is contrary to that of the position information entropy.

关键词： bound states quantum information entropy Poschl-Teller-like potential

Analytical Modeling of Flowrate and Its Maxima in Electrochemical Bioelectronics with Drug Delivery Capabilities

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Research 2022年第3期2022卷 61-73页

作者： Raudel avila Yixin Wu Rinaldo Garziera John A.Rogers Yonggang Huang Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Dipartimento di Ingegneria ed Architettura Universitàdi ParmaItaly Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Chemistry Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Neurological Surgery Northwestern UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA

Flowrate control in flexible bioelectronics with targeted drug delivery capabilities is essential to ensure timely and safe *** neuroscience and pharmacogenetics studies in small animals,these flexible bioelectronic systems can be tailored to deliver small drug volumes on a controlled fashion without damaging surrounding tissues from stresses induced by excessively high *** drug delivery process is realized by an electrochemical reaction that pressurizes the internal bioelectronic chambers to deform a flexible polymer membrane that pumps the drug through a network of microchannels implanted in the small *** flowrate temporal profile and global maximum are governed and can be modeled by the ideal gas ***,we obtain an analytical solution that groups the relevant mechanical,fluidic,environmental,and electrochemical terms involved in the drug delivery process into a set of three nondimensional *** unique combinations of these three nondimensional parameters(related to the initial pressure,initial gas volume,and microfluidic resistance)can be used to model the flowrate and scale up the flexible bioelectronic design for experiments in medium and large animal *** analytical solution is divided into(1)a fast variable that controls the maximum flowrate and(2)a slow variable that models the temporal ***,the two variables detail the complete drug delivery process and control using the three nondimensional *** of the analytical model with alternative numerical models shows excellent agreement and validates the analytic modeling *** findings serve as a theoretical framework to design and optimize future flexible bioelectronic systems used in biomedical research,or related medical fields,and analytically control the flowrate and its global maximum for successful drug delivery.

关键词： governed Electrochemical Flow

Full Duplex Media Access Control Protocol for Multihop Network Computing

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第1期44卷 297-309页

作者： J.avila Selvi Therase S.Allwin A.Ahilan Department of CSE Infant Jesus College EngineeringThoothukudiTamil Nadu628851India Department of ECE PSN College of Engineering and TechnologyMelathediyoorTamil Nadu627152India

Intelligent communication technologies beyond the network are pro-posed by using a new full-duplex *** Media Access Control(MAC)is a data interaction network protocol,which outperforms the IEEE *** research discusses the planning and execution of full-duplex(FD)pipeline MAC protocol for multihop wireless networks(MWN).The design uses a com-bination of Radio frequency and baseband methods to realize full-duplexing with smallest impact on cross layer *** execution and trial results specify that Pipeline Media Access Control(PiMAC)protocol considerably develops net-work implementation in terms of transmission protocol(TP)and transmission *** advantage of using FD-MAC will increase the range of *** takes benefit of the FD mode of the antenna,which outperforms additionally 80%for all assessed *** this analysis,it was considered of that Psz=8184 bits and Rc=1Mbps;that’s,T_(DATA) represents an excellent portion of total *** on real nodes displays that the FD theme achieves a median gain of 90%in mix-ture throughput as equated to half-duplex(HD)theme for *** energy con-sumption of proposed system method is 29.8%reduced when compared with existing system method.

关键词： Beyondfifth-generation(B5G) FD MAC wi-finetworks wireless relay network multihop wireless networks

Flexible electronics with dynamic interfaces for biomedical monitoring,stimulation,and characterization

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International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics 2021年第1期1卷 52-70页

作者： Xu Guo Raudel avila Yonggang Huang Zhaoqian Xie State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering MechanicsDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology NingboChina Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA Departments of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA Center for Bio‐integrated Electronics Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA

Recent developments in the fields of materials science and engineering technology(mechanical,electrical,biomedical)lay the foundation to design flexible bioelec-tronics with dynamic interfaces,widely used in biomedical/clinical monitoring,stimulation,and *** of this technology include body motion and physiological signal monitoring through soft wearable devices,mechanical characterization of biological tissues,skin stimulation using dynamic actuators,and energy harvesting in biomedical ***,these bioelectronic systems feature thin form factors for enhanced flexibility and soft elastomeric encapsula-tions that provide skin‐compliant mechanics for seamless integration with biological *** review examines the rapid and continuous progress of bioelectronics in the context of design strategies including materials,mechanics,and structure to achieve high performance dynamic interfaces in *** concludes with a concise summary and insights into the ongoing opportunities and challenges facing developments of bioelectronics with dynamic interfaces for future applications.

关键词： energy harvesters flexible and stretchable electronics health monitors vibration dynamics wearable devices

Analysis and parameter extraction of memristive structures based on Strukov's non-linear model

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Journal of Semiconductors 2018年第12期39卷 106-113页

作者： A.avila Garcia L.Ortega Reyes Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit6cnico Nacional Departamento de Ingenieria ElectricaSeccion de Electronica del Estado SolidoMexico 07360Mexico

Diverse models have been proposed for explaining the electrical performance of memristive devices. In principle, the behavior of internal variables associated to each one could be extracted from experimental results. In a former work, thermally grown TiOmemristive structures were built and characterized to obtain the constitutive relationship(magnetic flux versus charge). The aim of this work is to continue that analysis by determining the microscopic parameters within the frame of a simple model. We use the already obtained memristance dependence of time and the basic expressions from the non-linear model proposed by Strukov et al. to compute the state-variable,the mobility of the doping species, the speed of the boundary between the doped and the undoped regions, the voltages and the electric fields on the distinct regions. The power dissipation and its time evolution are also presented. Moreover, a quite different window function from those formerly proposed, which was estimated from experimental data, is also determined. This information provides a straightforward picture of the ionic transport during one cycle of a square voltage waveform within the framework of this simple model. Finally, a quality factor is proposed as the key parameter for actual memristors viewed under the same model.

关键词： memristors parameter extraction non-linear model experimental window function

Sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer:A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第7期8卷 1188-1202页

作者： Omar Vergara-Fernandez Mario Trejo-avila Noel Salgado-Nesme Department of Colorectal Surgery Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición“Salvador Zubirán”Mexico 14080Mexico

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer globally and the second cancer in terms of *** prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with CRC ranges between 12%-60%.Sarcopenia comes from the Greek“sarx”for flesh,and“penia”for *** is considered a phenomenon of the aging process and precedes the onset of frailty(primary sarcopenia),but sarcopenia may also result from pathogenic mechanisms and that disorder is termed secondary *** diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of low muscle quantity or *** parameters need to be measured:muscle strength,muscle quantity and physical *** standard method to evaluate muscle mass is by analyzing the tomographic total cross-sectional area of all muscle groups at the level of lumbar 3rd *** may negatively impact on the postoperative outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer undergoing surgical *** has been described an association between sarcopenia and numerous poor short-term CRC outcomes like increased perioperative mortality,postoperative sepsis,prolonged length of stay,increased cost of care and physical *** may also negatively impact on overall survival,disease-free survival,recurrence-free survival,and cancerspecific survival in patients with non-metastatic and metastatic colorectal ***,patients with sarcopenia seem prone to toxic effects during chemotherapy,requiring dose deescalations or treatment delays,which seems to reduce treatment efficacy.A multimodal approach including nutritional support(dietary intake,high energy,high protein,and omega-3 fatty acids),exercise programs and anabolic-orexigenic agents(ghrelin,anamorelin),could contribute to muscle mass *** of sarcopenia screening to the established clinical-pathological scores for patients undergoing oncological treatment(chemotherapy,radiotherapy or surgery)seems to be the next step for the best of care of CRC pati

关键词： Colorectal cancer Sarcopenia Nutrition Muscle mass loss Oncologic outcomes Survival

Design of protective and high sensitivity encapsulation layers in wearable devices

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 223-232页

作者： WANG XiuFeng HUANG JieLong LIU YangChengYi TAN JinYuan CHEN ShangDa avila Raudel XIE ZhaoQian School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangian 41105China Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering MechanicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China

Elastomeric encapsulation layers are widely used in soft, wearable devices to physically isolate rigid electronic components from external environmental stimuli(e.g., stress) and facilitate device sterilization for reusability. In devices experiencing large deformations, the stress-isolation effect of the top encapsulation layer can eliminate the damage to the electronic components caused by external forces. However, for health monitoring and sensing applications, the strain-isolation effect of the bottom encapsulation layer can partially block the physiological signals of interest and degrade the measurement accuracy. Here, an analytic model is developed for the strain-and stress-isolation effects present in wearable devices with elastomeric encapsulation layers. The soft, elastomeric encapsulation layers and main electronic components layer are modeled as transversely isotropicelastic mediums and the strain-and stress-isolation effects are described using isolation indexes. The analysis and results show that the isolation effects strongly depend on the thickness, density, and elastic modulus of both the elastomeric encapsulation layers and the main electronic component layer. These findings, combined with the flexible mechanics design strategies of wearable devices, provide new design guidelines for future wearable devices to protect them from external forces while capturing the relevant physiological signals underneath the skin.

关键词： strain-isolation effect stress-isolation effect elastomeric encapsulation transversely isotropic medium wearable devices